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Topic: Cumene process

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	Bessemer process -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The process is a development of a practice known in (A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) China as early as the (additional info and facts about 200s) 200s.
		The process is carried on in a large ovoid steel container lined with (A very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired) clay or (A light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer) dolomite called the Bessemer converter.
		This process had an enormous impact on the quantity and quality of steel producton and was only made obsolete, a century later, in 1856 by Henry Bessemer's invention of the Bessemer Convertor which allowed the true mass production of steel.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/be/bessemer_process.htm (766 words)

	Hydrogenation of alkylstyrene to produce alkylbenzene using copper chromite catalysts - Patent 4075254
		A process for selective non-destructive catalytic hydrogenation of alkylstyrene such as.alpha.-methylstyrene in a mixed.alpha.-methylstyrene and cumene feed stream wherein the hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of a copper chromite catalyst.
		Process as in claim 10 wherein the hydrogen is present in an amount such that the hydrogen to.alpha.-methylstyrene or benzene ring alkyl substituted.alpha.-methylstyrene or mixtures thereof molar ratio is between about 1.3 and 5.0.
		Process as in claim 13 wherein the temperature is maintained sufficiently high to maintain the feed stream as a gas or vapor or mixtures thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4075254.html (2628 words)

	Cumene process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cumene process is an industrial process of producing phenol (C
		This process illustrates the benefit of chemical engineering in merely converting two relatively cheap starting materials, benzene and propene into two more valuable ones, phenol and acetone.
		Cumene hydroperoxide is then hydrolysed in an acidic medium to give phenol and acetone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cumene_process (303 words)

	petrosilicon.com
		a safety process by which operators and maintenance craftspeople ensure that equipment to be repaired in place is isolated from electrical energy and process streams.
		process equipment, such as pumps, motors and turbines, the function of which is based on rotational motion.
		process by which heavier cuts of crude not vaporized in the topping (atmospheric distillation) process are heated in a vaccum to accomplish their fractionation.
	www.petrosilicon.com /temp/glossary.cgi (1818 words)

	CITGO Petroleum Corp., Community Involvement, In the Classroom, Glossary
		In one kind of exchanger, process hydrocarbons are circulated through tubes surrounded by cooling air or water, very much like in an automobile radiator.
		Propylene, cumene and xylene are among the petrochemicals manufactured at CITGO's refineries.
		Process safety protects employees, the community and the environment from the potential hazards of a hydrocarbon release.
	www.citgo.com /CommunityInvolvement/Classroom/Glossary.jsp (1427 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Underutilized Resources as Animal Feedstuffs (1983)
		Processing Technology One of the limitations in the use of fungi and other mycelial organisms for animal feed is the problem of digestibility.
		However, with wastes from processes for antibiotics destined for human use, it is important that residual antibiotics in the mycelia are not permitted to be widely dispersed.
		Processing An alternative to direct feeding of MSW would be to hydrolyze the cel- lulase faster by acid or enzymes to produce a sugar syrup.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309033829/html/46.html (5816 words)

	NTP: Cumene Hydroperoxide (Table 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cumene hydroperoxide is classified as an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
		Cumene hydroperoxide must be properly classed, described, packaged, marked, and labeled for transportation and storage as required by 49 CFR 171-177.
		Cumene hydroperoxide is listed as a hazardous material by the U.S. Department of Transportation and is assigned a DOT number of UN 2116.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=03DD1D65-99DE-6F93-FE7F88F7BCE2BE32 (349 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cumene may be recycled for conversion to the hydroperoxide and subsequent cleavage.
		The cumene hydroperoxide is preferably dissolved in an organic solvent inert to the cleavage reaction, such as benzene, toluene, cumene and most preferably acetone.
		The process of claim 1, wherein said solid acid catalyst is produced by calcining a catalyst precursor comprising a source of a Group IVB metal oxide with a source of cerium oxide at a temperature of at
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/09070.010208&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2653 words)

	Overview
		Process design capitalizes on the catalyst's exceptionally high selectivity to reduce your capital and operating costs.
		The size of the cumene column is minimized by the very low levels of butylbenzene and other undesirable by-products which must be separated from the crude cumene.
		The bottoms stream from the cumene column is further fractionated in a small PIPB column.
	www.exxonmobilchemical.com /Public_Products/TechLicensing/Worldwide/Technologies/Tech_Technologies_Aro_Cumene.asp (349 words)

	Chem Systems PERP Program Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumitomo has not released much detail about their new process other than it does not make co-products, uses a proprietary titanium-based catalyst and the capital cost is expected to be about $100-$200 million for a 200,000 metric ton per year plant.
		The CHP is obtained by oxidation of cumene (isopropyl benzene) with air.
		Further impetus is given to the use of CHP by the commercially-proven status of the cumene oxidation step and the AMS hydrogenation step, both of which are practiced commercially in the phenol/acetone process.
	www.chemsystems.com /newsletters/perp/dec01_00-01s12.cfm (597 words)

	ITP: E3 Handbook: C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The process efficiency is theoretically 0.33 lb of carbon per lb of aluminum; however, typically observed efficiency is closer to 0.44 lb of carbon per lb of aluminum.
		The carbonization of 2000 pounds of coal produces an average yield of 1400 pounds of coke, 11,500 cubic feet of gas, 12 gallons of tar, 27 pounds of ammonium sulfate, 50 gallons of benzol, 0.9 gallons of toluene and naphtha, and 0.5 pounds of naphthalene.
		Thus, in most combustion processes, excess oxygen or air is a critical parameter that must be carefully controlled to maximize heat from combustion and minimize the creation of air pollutants.
	www.oit.doe.gov /e3handbook/c.shtml (6232 words)

	Acetone (EHC 207, 1998)
		The dominant degradation process for acetone in soil and water is biodegradation, and acetone is readily biodegradable.
		In the peroxidation process, cumene is oxidized to hydroperoxide, which is cleaved to yield acetone and phenol.
		In the dehydrogenation process, isopropyl alcohol is catalytically dehydrogenated to yield acetone and hydrogen (Nelson & Webb, 1978).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc207.htm (15235 words)

	FR Doc 02-31234
		The primary processing units of interest at iron and steel foundries because of their potential to generate HAP emissions are: metal melting furnaces; scrap preheaters; pouring areas; pouring, cooling, and shakeout lines; mold and core making lines; and mold and core coating lines.
		This type of casting operation is referred to as expendable pattern casting, or the lost foam process since the plastic pattern is volatilized (and/ or pyrolyzed) by the molten metal as the castings are poured.
		This type of casting operation is referred to as expendable pattern casting or the lost foam process since the plastic pattern is volatilized (and/or pyrolyzed) by the molten metal as the castings are poured; expendable pattern casting is generally used for complex, close-tolerance castings.
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2002/02-31234.htm (20098 words)

	Purifying cumene hydroperoxide - Patent 4654124
		Crude cumene hydroperoxide is purified by subjecting it to an evaporation step at a pressure of about 2 to 10 (preferably 3 to 7) mg Hg abs.
		This distillate which is primarily CHP will contain most of the water and cumene and a portion of the AP and DMBA that was in the feed but essentially all of the color bodies will remain with the residue.
		Thus by subjecting a feed that is similar in composition to the first evaporator residue--namely 0.2% water, 0.2% cumene, 5.0% DMBA, 0.8% AP, 93.8% CHP and color of 200-300 to the 2 mm Hg evaporation, a distillate was obtained containing 0.1% water, 0.1% cumene, 6.3% DMBA, 1.1% AP, 92.4% CHP and color of 30-40.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4654124.html (2426 words)

	Cumene and Phenol processes and catalysts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cumene is then converted to phenol and acetone by peroxidation.
		The Q-Max process represents a new generation of cumene technology based upon a highly-selective and stable zeolite catalyst developed by UOP researchers.
		The catalyst used in the Q-Max process can be regenerated repeatedly, avoiding the significant catalyst disposal problems associated with the older SPA and aluminum chloride catalyst systems.
	www.uop.com /aromatics/3040.html (246 words)

	IDEM - OAM - TOX Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is used as a thinner for paints, lacquers, and enamels; as a component of high octane fuels; and in the manufacture of Acetophenone and Methylstyrene.
		Cumene is a chemical manufactured during the refining process by combining Benzene and Propylene.
		Cumene must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers such as permanganate, nitrates, peroxides, chlorates, and perchlorates since violent reactions occur.
	www.state.in.us /idem/air/toxwatch/health/chemicals/cas98828.html (282 words)

	D4961-99 Standard Test Methods for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Major Organic Impurities in Phenol Produced by the ...
		These test methods cover the determination of major organic impurities in refined phenol manufactured by the cumene (isopropylbenzene) process.
		Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2004 and replaced by Test Method D 6142 on the Analysis of Phenol by Capillary Gas Chromatography.
		It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/D4961.htm (342 words)

	Chevron Press Release - Chevron Announces Approval Of Cumene Modernization Project At Port Arthur
		The project will increase the cumene capacity of the unit from 450 million pounds to 1 billion pounds per year.
		Cumene is used to produce phenol and acetone for the manufacture of products such as building materials, carpets, automotive parts, cosmetics, and medicines.
		The modernized plant will utilize the UOP Q-Max process for cumene production, which uses a regenerable zeolite catalyst that significantly reduces raw material consumption and improves cumene product quality.
	www.chevron.com /news/archive/chevron_press/1996/96-12-19.asp (286 words)

	UTC Engineering 331 Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cumene was used widely during World War II as a fuel additive for aircraft piston engines to increase performance.
		Cumene also has been used toward the development of phenol and acetone.
		The resulting granules are nearly identical for all processes and have better crushing strength and abrasion resistance than prills.
	chem.engr.utc.edu /webres/331F/Lib1.htm (1631 words)

	Argonne-CMT New Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Aromatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Oxidation of cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using molecular oxygen.
		Cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide to phenol and acetone, catalyzed by sulfuric acid.
		In the cumene process, phenol and acetone are produced in equimolar amounts, so the economics of the process depends on the marketability of acetone.
	www.cmt.anl.gov /science-technology/basicsci/one-step-phenol.shtml (664 words)

	Patent Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The problem with these processes is that the cost of the propylene is often too high to compete with the conventional sources.
		To demonstrate the efficacy of their invention, they cited the following example: A propane stream of 97 wt% purity (3 wt% propylene) was fed to the catalytic dehydrogenation reactor at a flow rate of 4.4 kg/h at 585–590 °C and 0.124 MPa.
		This stream was fed to the alkylation reactor that contained a b-zeolite and operated at 120 °C and 4 MPa.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=patentwatch\archive\0401_patentwatch.html (322 words)

	Monsanto,Chemplex,Huntsman,chemicals,industry,Australia,polystyrene
		The cumene process is used starting with benzene and propylene.
		Due to inadequate demand for the co-produced acetone, the later to be adopted cumene process using benzene (available from coking plants at BHP steel plants) was rejected in favour of a newly developed but complex route involving cyclohexanol.
		The cumene process alkylates benzene with propylene to produce cumene as an intermediate.
	www.chemlink.com.au /huntsmanchem.htm (3623 words)

	Solutia To Build New Phenol Plant, Enters Into Agreement To Expand Intermediates Production
		"The process significantly reduces aqueous wastes and, unlike the traditional process using cumene, does not produce acetone as a by-product." A pilot plant has been operated for the past two years in Pensacola.
		In 1996, the new one-step phenol process won a special award from Monsanto as an example of outstanding environmental technology.
		Solutia is also submitting the process as a candidate for a President's Green Chemistry Award, given by the Clinton Administration.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/3-10-98/431823&EDATE= (804 words)

	Phenol
		It is not a real alcohol, because the hydroxyl group is fixed on a unsaturated carbon.
		Phenol can be made from the partial oxidation of benzene, or by the cumene process or raschig process.
		Despite the absence of a carboxyl group (-COOH), phenol is slightly acidic: the phenol molecule has weak tendencies to lose the H
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/ph/phenol.html (311 words)

	Patent Watch - April 19, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lyondell has also announced its intention to commercialize a new proprietary direct PO route by 2010 and is building a pilot plant to test the new process.
		Details of the process have not been disclosed, but this patent by R. Cochran and coinventors discloses reaction conditions and results that are exciting and perhaps provide the basis for Lyondell's developing direct PO process.
		The work described is based on the "hydro-oxidation" of propylene with a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=patentwatch\archive\041904_patentwatch.html (349 words)

	AchemAsia Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Currently, the main synthetic routes (and their drawbacks) to make phenol are: the cumene process (which uses peroxide and produces acetone as a byproduct); the toluene process (which produces large amounts of CO); and a two-step chloro-benzene process (which requires corrosion-resistant materials-of-construction and generates chlorinated waste).
		In the process (figure), a slip-stream of fluegas from a hot-gas fan downstream of the combustion unit (such as an SCR fan or an induced draft) is recirculated back into the flame zone.
		In a distillation process, for example, a conventional simulator will compute the materials balance and the heat balance as a whole for the complete distillation system, including the tower, the reboiler, the condenser, and other process units, by treating the distillation as a gas-liquid separation process.
	www.achemasiadaily.com /technologyWatch.php (6395 words)

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