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Topic: Cumuliform Anvil

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	Hurricane Glossary
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (see back-sheared anvil).
		Anvil Crawler - [Slang], a lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil.
		Anvil Zits - [Slang], frequent (often continuous or nearly continuous), localized lightning discharges occurring from within a thunderstorm anvil.
	www.tropicalterrorist.com /hurricane_glossary.htm (1643 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters
		Anvil Rollover - [Slang], a circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
		Back-sheared Anvil - [Slang], a thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft.
		A back-sheared anvil often implies a very strong updraft and a high severe weather potential.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary.php (2952 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters
		Cell - Convection in the form of a single updraft, downdraft, or updraft/downdraft couplet, typically seen as a vertical dome or tower as in a cumulus or towering cumulus cloud.
		Thunderstorm anvils are a form of cirrus cloud, but most cirrus clouds are not associated with thunderstorms.
		Cumuliform Anvil - A thunderstorm anvil with visual characteristics resembling cumulus-type clouds (rather than the more typical fibrous appearance associated with cirrus).
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary2.php (4658 words)

	Visual Aspects of Severe Thunderstorms
		If the anvil is thick, smooth-edged, and cumuliform (puffy, like the lower part of the storm), then the storm probably has a strong updraft and is a good candidate to produce severe weather.
		If the anvil is thin, fuzzy, and glaciated (wispy, similar to cirrus clouds), then the updraft is probably not as strong, and the storm is less likely to produce severe weather.
		If the anvil is large and seems to be streaming away from the storm in one particular direction, then there are probably strong upper-level winds in the storm's environment.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /stars/tsvisual.html (1024 words)

	Storm Spotter Glossary / Dictionary
		They usually appear on the upwind side of a back-sheared anvil, and indicate rapid expansion of the anvil due to the presence of a very strong updraft.
		Mushroom - [Slang], a thunderstorm with a well-defined anvil rollover, and thus having a visual appearance resembling a mushroom.
		Such use of the term technically is incorrect, but in general it refers to a pattern characterized by widespread clouds and steady precipitation on the cool side of a front or other boundary.
	www.kcstorm.org /i-r.htm (3955 words)

	NOAA - National Weather Service -
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind.
		[Slang], a lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil.
		Slang for a circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
	www.weather.gov /glossary/index.php?word=Anvil (251 words)

	WEATHER GLOSSARY
		Often used to describe cloud formations which appear to be shaped by a smooth flow of air travelling in parallel layers or sheets.
		Such use of the term technically is incorrect, but in general it refers to a pattern characterized by widespread clouds and steady precipitation on the cool side of a front or other boundary.
		A dome-like protrusion above a thunderstorm anvil, representing a very strong updraft and hence a higher potential for severe weather with that storm.
	www.yachting-life.com /weather/glossary/glos3W.htm (3942 words)

	METEOROLOGICAL AND SEVERE WEATHER TERM DEFINITIONS
		Anvil Cloud- The flat, spreading top of a Cb (cumulonimbus), often shaped like an anvil.
		Anvil Crawler - A lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil.
		Anvil Zits - Frequent (often continuous or nearly continuous), localized lightning discharges occurring from within a thunderstorm anvil.
	www.carolinastormwatch.com /wxglossary.htm (3534 words)

	Thunderstorms
		Cumuliform clouds are the white puffy “cotton” looking clouds.
		Cumuliform clouds are classified as clouds with large vertical development.
		Also, high-level winds coming off of the jet stream create this “anvil head” as the cloud hits the tropopause.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/weather_man/thunder.html (509 words)

	Glossary I-R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Knuckles - [Slang], lumpy protrusions on the edges, and sometimes the underside, of a thunderstorm anvil.
		Mushroom - [Slang], a thunderstorm with a well-defined anvil rollover, and thus having a visual appearance resembling a mushroom.
		Outflow Boundary - A storm-scale or mesoscale boundary separating thunderstorm-cooled air (outflow) from the surrounding air; similar in effect to a cold front, with passage marked by a wind shift and usually a drop in temperature.
	www.hurricaneconsulting.net /home/glossary-i-r.htm (3993 words)

	Stratiform precip note
		The Glossary of Meteorology (Huschke 1959, p.545) describes "stratiform" as pertaining to clouds of extensive horizontal development, in contradistinction to "cumuliform." Insofar as this refers to clouds, one certainly could argue that the precipitation falling from the trailing anvil of an MCS is of extensive horizontal development.
		Further, there are measurements of the vertical motion within MCS anvils (Smull and Houze 1987) indicating vertical motions within the anvil of several meters per second.
		To view the area of precipitation associated with the anvil as "stratiform" might lead one to believe that the horizontal variations within the anvil are of little or no importance, whereas it appears that substantial structure exists in the anvil.
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~doswell/stratiform/Stratiform__WWW.html (773 words)

	Sun
		The anvil is carried forward by stronger winds in the upper levels and this is known as speed shear.
		As is often the case, cloud of the cumuliform type can co-exist with cloud of the stratiform species which can be seen around and ahead of the rainshaft.
		The existence of stratiform and cumuliform together in an unstable atmospheric profile attempts to baffle our understanding of the atmospheric process and allows to ask the never ending question....Why......
	www.stormchasers.au.com /apr2001.htm (133 words)

	[No title]
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and may spread upwind (see back-sheared anvil; overshooting top.
		Anvil dome - same as overshooting top or penetrating top.
		Backsheared anvil - [slang] a thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft.
	www-commeng.cso.uiuc.edu /~kline/Severe/spotter-glossary.html (5825 words)

	Israel Storm Chasing and Weather Photography - 1997-1998 Picture Gallery
		A Cb in the background forming under the anvil of the Cb in the foreground.
		This cell was rising under the large anvil of the Cb that developed in the morning.
		This little anvil was all that's left from one of the many thunderstorms that developed in Jerusalem.
	wx9899.netfirms.com /97-98/storm9798.html (1629 words)

	Glossary of Weather Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Back-sheared Anvil - A thunderstorm anvil that spreads upwind, against the flow aloft.
		Knuckles - Lumpy protrusions on the edges, and sometimes the underside, of a thunderstorm anvil.
		Mushroom - A thunderstorm with a well-defined anvil rollover, and thus having a visual appearance resembling a mushroom.
	www.meted.ucar.edu /hazwx/glossary.htm (16589 words)

	Weather Terms
		Also called a thunderstorm cloud, it is frequently accompanied by heavy showers, lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail or gusty winds.
		Knuckles- Lumpy protrusions on the edges, and sometimes the underside, of a thunderstorm anvil.
		With thunderstorms, mammatus are seen on the underside of the anvil.
	home.comcast.net /~russell797/History/WeatherGlossary.htm (17822 words)

	Israel Storm Chasing and Weather Photography - 2002-2003 Picture Gallery
		The number of lightning bolts detected from the supercell and surrounding thunderstorms that night was 22,000!, according to Ronen's Slifkin's weather station.
		Within minutes it blew out a cumuliform anvil and turned to Cb #3, which blended into the anvil of Cb #1.
		Above them two anvils can be seen stretching from thunderstorms which have developed in Tel-Aviv and the coastal areas.
	wx0203.netfirms.com /02-03/storm0203-1.html (2673 words)

	SSC \| CHASE REPORT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The anvil of the cell had pushed out to sea some 100kms long.
		Underneath the anvil was some of the most spectacular mammatus I have ever seen.
		The main updraught was sitting on the northern side of the storm with the anvil shooting to the East and the rain core falling to the southern side of the updraught.
	www.sydneystormchasers.com /2003/March09.htm (761 words)

	* Cumuliform Anvil - (Meteorology): Definition
		Hard, cumuliform anvil overhang, a vertical Cb edge, and flanking line are all visible in this southeastward view of a supercell storm.
		Mammatus can be seen on the underside of the north Texas supercell.
		Anvil Rollover - A circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
	en.mimi.hu /meteorology/cumuliform_anvil.html (101 words)

	SKYWARN Storm Spotter Guides Online
		Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (back-sheared anvil).
		- [Slang], a lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil.
		- [Slang], a circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil.
	spotterguides.us /glossary.htm (9166 words)

	\| nswstorms.com - Cumuliform anvil developing - Tenterfield, NSW - 22 January 2003 \|
		nswstorms.com - Cumuliform anvil developing - Tenterfield, NSW - 22 January 2003
		Cumuliform anvil developing - Tenterfield, NSW - 22 January 2003
		No images are within the public domain and use of any photograph or image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration is a violation of copyright.
	www.nswstorms.com /galleries/degalleries/galleryimages/photos/2003/0122de01.html (85 words)

	WeatherDoctor.com - local weather forecast
		One knot (one nautical mile per hour) is equal to 1.15 mph or 0.5144 m/s.
		Knuckles Slang for lumpy protrusions on the edges, and sometimes the underside, of a thunderstorm anvil.
		Kp Index A 3-hourly planetary geomagnetic index of activity generated in Gottingen, Germany, based on the K Index from 12 or 13 stations distributed around the world KT Knot- Unit of speed normally used for marine and aviation purposes.
	www.weatherdoctor.com /glossary/k.html (655 words)

	Spotter Glossary
		The spreading of the upper portion of a cumulonimbus cloud into an anvil-shaped plume usually of fibrous or smooth appearance.
		Frequently used as a synonym for a wall cloud although it actually is a generally circular ring of cloud surrounding the upper portion of a wall cloud.
		A violently rotating narrow column of air in contact with the ground and extending from a thunderstorm base.
	www.angelfire.com /mi/adamsherman/glossary.html (1903 words)

	24/7 Weather Glossary - Weather Glossary News Story - KMGH Denver
		The upper portion of a cumulonimbus cloud that becomes flat and spread-out, sometimes for hundreds of miles downstream from the parent cloud.
		It indicates the mature or decaying stage of a thunderstorm.
		Frequent (often continuous or nearly continuous), localized lightning discharges occurring from within a thunderstorm anvil.
	www.thedenverchannel.com /weatherglossary/index.html (2244 words)

	StormSpottersGlossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Strong or severe thunderstorms often have thicker anvils with the side and bottom having a cumuliform or slowly boiling appearance in the immediate vicinity of the parent cumulonimbus.
		These clouds appear as hanging, rounded protuberances or pouches on the under surface of a cloud.
		The visible cumulonimbus cloud becomes softer in appearance, less distinctly outlined or "fuzzy" and dissipates, sometimes leaving only the high anvil cloud, as the storm rains itself out.
	members.aol.com /rscswp/PageF1.htm (1867 words)

	Cloud Identification Page
		When seen, it is often referred to as a "mackeral" sky; resembling the scales of this fish.
		CUMULIFORM: Clouds that are puffy in shape and predominantly white in color.
		Lightning, tornadoes, hail, and high winds are often associated with this destructive cloud.
	www.wxgeek.com /clouds (699 words)

	South African Weather Service - Cloud Atlas
		Clouds are classified as low, middle or high level according to their base heights.
		There are three cloud forms, namely stratiform, cumuliform and cirriform cloud.
		Stratiform cloud are layers of cloud formed by widespread ascent and cumuliform cloud form as air rises by convection, while fibrous cloud composed of ice grystals are called cirriform cloud.
	www.weathersa.co.za /References/Clouds.jsp (215 words)

	TDU2K - Thunder Down Under 2000
		This was no ordinary anvil either - an extremely thick cumuliform anvil developed before our eyes with a nice solid backshear.
		This cell was most definitely a supercell with the visibly twisting updraft which was so persistent, the wall cloud under the updraft and also the cells deviation to the left of the mean steering flow (which was also helped by the cell riding along the outflow boundary from earlier convection).
		Awesome CG from the anvil out the side of the storm to the ground.
	www.stormchasers.au.com /tdu2kam5.htm (1292 words)

	JetStream - An Online School for Weather: Glossary - C's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Rain associated with convective or cumuliform clouds characterized by vertical development in the form of rising mounds, domes, or towers.
		This cloud is characterized by hanging festoons or protuberances underneath the anvil of the Cumulonimbus Cloud (Cb).
		The festoons may be at any level of the cloud from the underside of the anvil to the base of the cloud.
	radar.weather.gov /jetstream/append/glossary_c.htm (5439 words)

	June 4, 1996 Gate, Oklahoma
		Cb SW has dome and anvil is becoming crisp.
		Middle flank tower is now up to anvil level.
		SE of chunky anvil on Woods Co. storm.
	www.stormtrack.org /library/logs/TM060496.HTM (713 words)

	All The Definintions You Need To Know
		-M- Mammatus Clouds - Rounded, smooth, sack-like protrusions hanging from the underside of a cloud (usually a thunderstorm anvil).
		Visual characteristics often include a rain-free base (with or without a wall cloud), tail cloud, flanking line, overshooting top, and back-sheared anvil, all of which normally are observed in or near the right rear or southwest part of the storm (Fig.
		Towering Cumulus - (Same as congestus.) A large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil of a Cb.
	www.nislwx.com /glossary.html (14134 words)

	NOAA - National Weather Service -
		Kt) Unit of speed used in navigation, equal to 1 nautical mile (the length of 1 minute latitude) per hour or about 1.15 statue miles per hour, or 0.5 meters/sec).
		Slang for lumpy protrusions on the edges, and sometimes the underside, of a thunderstorm anvil.
		A 3-hourly planetary geomagnetic index of activity generated in Gottingen, Germany, based on the K Index from 12 or 13 stations distributed around the world
	www.nws.noaa.gov /glossary/index.php?letter=k (630 words)

	SSC \| STORM FEATURES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Cumuliform Anvil - When a constant supply of very strong updraughts are fed into a Thunderstorm, the whole anvil takes on a thick look to it, not a whispy look.
		This is a sign of a potentially very severe thunderstorm.
		Images and Text used on this site are copyright their respective owners and may not be used without written permission.
	www.sydneystormchasers.com /stormfeatures/cumuliform.htm (60 words)

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