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Topic: Cumulonimbus cloud

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	Cumulonimbus cloud Information
		The base of a cumulonimbus can be several miles across, and it can be tall enough to occupy middle as well as low altitudes: though formed at an altitude of about 3,000 to 4,000 metres (10,000 to 12,000 feet), its peak can reach up to 23,000 meters (75,000 feet) in extreme cases.
		Cumulonimbus are also characterized by a flat, anvil-like top (the anvil dome), caused by straight line winds at the higher altitudes which shear off the top of the cloud, as well as by an inversion over the thunderstorm caused by rising temperatures above the tropopause.
		Cumulonimbus clouds contain severe convection currents, with very high, unpredictable winds, particularly in the vertical plane (updrafts and downdrafts).
	www.bookrags.com /Cumulonimbus (598 words)

	Cloud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clouds reflect all visible wavelengths of light equally and are usually white, but they can appear grey or even fl if they are so thick or dense that sunlight cannot pass through.
		The clouds tend to be wispy, and are often transparent.
		A cumulonimbus cloud which shows green is a pretty sure sign of imminent heavy rain, hail, strong winds, and possibly tornados.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloud (1775 words)

	Cumulonimbus cloud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The base of a cumulonimbus can be several miles across, and it can be tall enough to occupy middle as well as low altitudes: though formed at an altitude of about 3,000 to 4,000 metres (10,000 to 12,000 feet), its peak can reach up to 23,000 meters (75,000 feet) in extreme cases.
		Cumulonimbus are also characterized by a flat, anvil-like top (the anvil dome), caused by straight line winds at the higher altitudes which shear off the top of the cloud, as well as by an inversion over the thunderstorm caused by rising temperatures above the tropopause.
		Cumulonimbus clouds contain severe convection currents, with very high, unpredictable winds, particularly in the vertical plane (updrafts and downdrafts).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cumulonimbus (626 words)

	Lightning - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But as the thunderstorm passes over the ground, the negative charges[?] at the bottom of the cumulonimbus cloud cause the positive charges[?] on the ground to gather along the surface for several miles around the storm.
		Cloud-to-ground lightning is a lightning discharge between a cumulonimbus cloud and the ground initiated by the downward-moving leader stroke.
		Ground-to-cloud lightning is a lightning discharge between the ground and a cumulonimbus cloud from an upward-moving leader stroke.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /li/Lightning.html (1511 words)

	cloud - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cloud
		Clouds are formed when moisture in the air condenses, and are composed of millions of water droplets suspended in air.
		Clouds, like fogs or mists, that occur at lower levels, are formed by the cooling of air containing water vapour, which generally condenses around tiny dust particles.
		Clouds are classified according to the height at which they occur, and by their shape.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /cloud (797 words)

	Definitions of Atmospheric Variables
		Motions in the tail cloud are toward the wall cloud with rapid updraft at the junction of tail and wall cloud.
		This horizontal cloud is not a funnel or tornado.
		The wall cloud is usually situated in the southwest portion of the storm below an intense updraft, marked by the main cumulonimbus cloud and associated with a very strong or severe thunderstorm.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /ffc/html/spotglos.shtml (1877 words)

	Cumulonimbus: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A cloud is a visible mass of condensed water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere above earths (or another planetary bodys) surface....
		(as opposed to convective clouds that are as tall or...
		Altocumulus castellanus are altocumulus clouds with a turreted appearance....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/cumulonimbus.htm (1803 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cumulonimbus (Cb) is a type of cloud that is tall, dense, and involved in thunderstorms and other intense weather.
		Cumulonimbus clouds form from cumulus clouds (namely from cumulus congestus) and can further develop to a supercell, a severe thunderstorm with special features.
		Well-developed cumulonimbus clouds are also characterized by a flat, anvil-like top (anvil dome), caused by straight line winds at the higher altitudes which shear off the top of the cloud, as well as by an inversion over the thunderstorm caused by rising temperatures above the tropopause.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Cumulonimbus_cloud (902 words)

	Islam Guide: The Quran on Clouds
		Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped according to definite systems and certain steps connected with certain types of wind and clouds.
		This vertical growth causes the cloud body to stretch into cooler regions of the atmosphere, where drops of water and hail formulate and begin to grow larger and larger.
		He also said that thunder is the sound of the collision of the dry exhalation with the neighboring clouds, and lightning is the inflaming and burning of the dry exhalation with a thin and faint fire.
	www.islam-guide.com /ch1-1-g.htm (945 words)

	EO Library: Clouds & Radiation Fact Sheet - Deep Convective Clouds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A cumulonimbus cloud can be many kilometers thick, with a base near the Earth's surface and a top frequently reaching an altitude of 10 km (33,000 feet), and sometimes much higher.
		Because cumulonimbus cloud tops are high and cold, the energy radiated to outer space is lower than it would be without the cloud (the cloud greenhouse forcing is large).
		As a consequence, overall, the cloud greenhouse and albedo forcings almost balance, and the overall effect of cumulonimbus clouds is neutral-neither warming nor cooling.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Clouds/clouds5.html (168 words)

	Educational Outreach >> For Teachers >> Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A light is projected upward onto the cloud base; the reflected light is detected by a photocell, and the height is determined by triangulation (the unique point where three line meet).
		a local region of clearing skies or reduced cloud cover, indicating an intrusion of drier air; often seen as a bright area with higher cloud bases on the west or southwest side of a wall cloud.
		cloud type in the form of individual, detached elements which are generally dense, have well-defined outlines, show vertical development in the form of domes, mounds, or towers
	k12.ocs.ou.edu /teachers/glossary/c.html (1598 words)

	EXERCISE 10
		In the thinner section of the altostratus cloud, the sun (or moon) may be dimly visible as a round disk, which is sometimes referred to as a "watery sun." Thick cirrocumulus clouds are occasionally confused with thin altostratus clouds.
		Cumulonimbus which is characterized by the presence in the upper part of cirriform clouds with fibrous or striated structure.
		Clouds that cover a large part of the sky and are sufficiently translucent to reveal the position of the sun or moon.
	www.met.tamu.edu /class/Metr304/Exer10dir/exercise10-NO.html (2220 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cumulus clouds are usually very isolated with large areas of blue sky in between the clouds.
		One part of the cloud is usually darker than the rest, which helps distinguish this cloud from the higher cirrocumulus clouds.
		The individual cloud elements form where the air is rising while the blue sky in between the cloud elements indicates sinking air.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/wcumulus.htm (467 words)

	BBC - Weather Centre - Types of Cloud - Cumulonimbus
		This compares with a cumulus cloud which is typically a few hundred metres across and reaches a height of only a few kilometres.
		But there is one important structural difference in that the uppermost levels of the cumulonimbus have turned to ice and become fibrous in appearance, whereas cumulus clouds are composed entirely of water droplets.
		Cumulonimbus clouds may be seen at any time of the day, but are most common inland during the afternoon in spring and summer.
	www.bbc.co.uk /weather/features/cumulonimbus.shtml (334 words)

	The cloud classification system (general)
		These clouds are brighter and less fragmented in appearance due to their distance from the ground and the higher composition of ice crystals.
		The cloud seems to be moving rapidly but because of its development at the rear actually progresses very slowly in the direction of the wind at that level.
		Cumulonimbus clouds, which are normally associated with thunderstorms, consist of a combination from some or all of the cloud groups.
	australiasevereweather.com /techniques/moreadv/class.htm (5094 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		cumulonimbus cloud, usually with gusty winds, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.
		Tornadoes and funnel clouds are usually pendant from wall clouds or directly from the thunderstorm base, within a few miles to the southwest of the precipitation shaft.
		cumulonimbus cloud and associated with a very strong or severe thunderstorm.
	www.movies.warnerbros.com /twister/cmp/glossary.html (1359 words)

	Lightning - Crystalinks
		But as the thunderstorm passes over the ground, the negative charges at the bottom of the cumulonimbus cloud cause the positive charges on the ground to gather along the surface for several miles around the storm and becomes concentrated in vertical objects including trees and tall buildings.
		Cloud-to-ground lightning is a great lightning discharge between a cumulonimbus cloud and the ground initiated by the downward-moving leader stroke.
		One special type of cloud-to-ground lightning is anvil lightning, a form of positive lightning, since it emanates from the anvil top of a cumulonimbus cloud where the ice crystals are positively charged, and is a form of positive lightning.
	www.crystalinks.com /lightning.html (3043 words)

	SDS Weatherwise Extras: Cloud Photos
		These are the clouds that sometimes form "halos" around the sun or moon.
		Unlike high cirrostratus clouds which are made up of ice crystals, midlle-altitude altostratus make the sun look like it is shining through ground glass but without a halo effect.
		This is the view of the bottom portion of a cumulonimbus cloud when it is about to rain.
	www.discoverscience.rutgers.edu /extras/weatherwise/clouds.html (438 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Recent observations also suggest that tropical cloud coverage may be rapidly changing in a manner not captured by current general circulation model simulations, which serves as further motivation to seek a better understanding of anvil-forming cumulonimbus clouds.
		Aerosols can also act as cloud condensation nuclei, increasing the number of droplets in clouds, which tends to decrease the mean droplet size and may increase the cloud albedo (5), depending on the aerosol absorption and cloud optical thickness.
		The cloud droplet size appears to be better correlated with an aerosol index that is representative of the aerosol column number under some assumptions than with the aerosol optical thickness.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sc040611-3.htm (1538 words)

	HOMEWORK 1 (assigned 1/13/99, due beginning of class 1/20/99)
		cloud #3: This cloud displays the typical shape of a cumulonimbus cloud, with its generally puffy appearance, large vertical extent, and anvil-shaped top (cumulus congestus, the intermediate stage between a low level cumulus and a cumulonimbus, has a "cauliflower head" instead of an "anvil" head).
		This type of cloud typically extends all the way from the lower atmosphere to the tropopause; consequently, both liquid droplets and ice crystals are present.
		Cumulonimbus clouds are generally associated with intense and violent weather: they almost always produce rainfall, and often hail (but not "drizzle").
	www.atmos.washington.edu /1999Q1/101/MIDTERM2solutions.html (4221 words)

	Cloud photographs by Dave Parker (FRMetS)
		The 'King' of all clouds - Cumulonimbus - often associated with thunder & lightning.
		The full extent of the cloud is masked but the very white part to the top of the picture shows the vertical extent of the cloud.
		The same Cumulonimbus cloud with a small aircraft, in my view unwisely, heading into the centre of the storm.
	www.invectis.co.uk /cloud/cloud.html (1155 words)

	Clouds
		Clouds give us a clue about what is going on in our atmosphere and how the weather might change in the hours or even days to come.
		A cumulonimbus cloud is tall, deep and dark and can bring lightning, heavy rain and even severe weather such as hail, damaging winds or tornadoes.
		Cirrus clouds, which are a sign of warm moist air rising up over cold air, are sometimes an early signal that thickening clouds could bring light rain or snow within one or two days.
	www.wxdude.com /page9.html (823 words)

	Demonstration 9... Painting a Cumulonimbus cloud
		These clouds are birthed from harmless cumulus clouds.
		Cumulonimbus is composed of water droplets at the lower levels and ice crystals at higher levels (where the temperatures are below 0 degrees Celsius).
		The bottom of these clouds are flat at the base; the stratospheric level.
	www.davidadamsonline.com /cumulonimbus.htm (278 words)

	Beconvinced.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		THE QURAN ON Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped according to definite systems and certain steps connected with certain types of wind and clouds.
		Meteorologists have only recently come to know these details of cloud formation, structure, and function by using advanced equipment like planes, satellites, computers, balloons, and other equipment to study winds and its direction, to measure humidity and its variations, and to determine the levels and variations of atmospheric pressure.
		Meteorologists have found that these cumulonimbus clouds, that shower hail, reach a height of 25,000 to 30,000 feet (4.7 to 5.7 miles), like mountains, as the Qur'aan said, And He sends down hail from mountains (clouds) in the sky...
	www.al-shia.com /html/eng/books/quran/the-movement-of-clouds.htm (683 words)

	Cloud Identification Page
		These cloud elements are usually smaller than those in stratocumulus, but larger than those in cirrocumulus.
		Mammatus below a cumulonimbus cloud is often associated with severe weather.
		This cloud is associated with long periods of steady rain.
	www.wxgeek.com /clouds (699 words)

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