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	Cuneiform script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cuneiforms were written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus.
		Originally, cuneiform pictograms were drawn on clay tablets in vertical columns with a pen made from a sharpened reed stylus.
		Cuneiform tablets could be fired in kilns to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if permanence was not needed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuneiform_script (1286 words)

	Cuneiform - MSN Encarta
		Cuneiform writing, which originated in southern Mesopotamia, was invented probably by the Sumerians, who used it to inscribe the Sumerian language; it was subsequently adapted for writing the Akkadian language, of which Babylonian and Assyrian are dialects.
		The use of the Persian cuneiform was confined to the period from 550 to 330 bc.
		The Elamite cuneiform is frequently called the language of the second form because it appears in the second position of the trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenian kings.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563112/Cuneiform.html (1605 words)

	Cuneiform script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cuneiform was first used by the Babylonians and later on was adapted and used by the Assyrians.
		Invented by the Babylonians to record the Sumerian language, cuneiform was subsequently adopted by the Akkadians, Elamites, Hittites and Assyrians to write their own languages and was widely used in Mesopotamia for about 3000 years, though the syllabic nature of the script as it was refined by the Sumerians was unintuitive to the Semitic speakers.
		Knowledge of cuneiform was lost until 1835 when Henry Rawlinson, a British army officer, found some of the Behistun inscriptions on a cliff at Behistun in Persia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuneiform_(script) (1286 words)

	Cuneiform writing
		Cuneiform writing originated in southern Mesopotamia, and was created in the Sumerian culture, in order to write in the Sumerian language.
		Cuneiform developed into the dominant writing style of the Middle East, and even spread to Egypt, where hieroglyphic writing was normally preferred.
		Cuneiform writing was also applied to several local languages, like Hurrian in northern Mesopotamia, Syria and Asia Minor; Eblaite in Syria;, Hittite, Luwian, Palaic and Hattic in Asia Minor; and Urartian in Armenia.
	i-cias.com /e.o/cuneiform.htm (548 words)

	CUNEIFORM - LoveToKnow Article on CUNEIFORM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The word cuneiform was first applied in 1700 by Thomas Hyde, professor of Hebrew in the university of Oxford, in the expression dactu]i pyramidales seu cuneifo:mes, and it has found general acceptance, though efforts have been made to introduce the expression arrowheaded writing.
		The next problem in the study of cuneiform was the decipherment of the second language in each of the trilingual groups.
		The cuneiform writing, begun by the Sumerians in a period so remote that it is idle to speculate concerning it, had a long and very extensive history.
	33.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CU/CUNEIFORM.htm (5716 words)

	Cuneiform Tablets
		The earliest attested documents in cuneiform were written in Sumerian, the language of the inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia and Chaldea from the 4th until the 2nd millennium BC.
		Earlier cuneiform was written in columns from top to bottom but during the 3rd millennium came to be written from left to right with the cuneiform signs turned on their sides.
		Cuneiform was borrowed by the Elamites, the Kassites, the Persians, the Mitanni, and the Hurrians.
	www.crystalinks.com /cuneiformtablets.html (717 words)

	ETCSL:ETCSLcuneiform
		Cuneiform, thus, gradually developed into a combined system, where the same set of signs could be used to represent logograms and phonograms or syllabograms.
		Thousand years on from the earliest attestations of cuneiform writing, when some of the texts of the ETCSL were written down, the so-called interpersonal metafunction of language was present in the writing system in the form of a more fixed word order, grammatical (bound) morphemes indicating subject, object, modality, aspect, etc., and function words, e.g.
		In our context, transliteration means representing cuneiform signs in the Roman alphabet, with the addition of a few non-Roman letters (š, ĝ/g̃ and ḫ), using hyphens and spaces to indicate sign boundaries (more about this in the document on hyphenation practices).
	www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk /edition2/cuneiformwriting.php (1115 words)

	Sumerian Writing - Cuneiform - Crystalinks
		The impressions left by the stylus were wedge shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform, wedge-writing.The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Assyrian, and Luwian languages, and inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets.
		Cuneiform pictograms were drawn on clay tablets in vertical columns with a pen made from a sharpened reed stylus.
		Cuneiform tablets could be fired in kilns to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if permanence was not called for.
	www.crystalinks.com /sumerwriting.html (555 words)

	Cuneiform and the Bible by Lesley Adkins
		Cuneiform is similar to the Roman script in that it too was used for a long period to write down different languages, evolving to suit each language and also evolving over time.
		Old Persian cuneiform was used for the first time from 521 BC in the inscription at Bisitun, and Darius and his successor Xerxes had many of their achievements recorded in other trilingual inscriptions in Elamite, Babylonian and the newly invented Old Persian cuneiform.
		Rawlinson was in a prime position to examine the cuneiform inscriptions covering the relief sculptures and colossal statues, as well as the thousands of cuneiform tablets that had belonged to the palace libraries.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Adkins_Cuneiform.htm (3758 words)

	Cuneiform Writing @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		Draw your cuneiform monograms on the smooth sides with ink, paint, or pipecleaners which can be bent and glued into place.
		Cuneiform was written on clay tablets, and then baked hard in a kiln.
		Knowledge of cuneiform was lost until AD 1835, when Henry Rawlinson, an English army officer, found some inscriptions on a cliff (shown above) at Behistun in Persia.
	www.upenn.edu /museum/Games/cuneiform.html (1437 words)

	Online Knowledge Explorer®/Encyclopedia Americana® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Thus, paradoxically, at the beginning, "cuneiform" writing was not cuneiform at all; the characters were pictograms, and the picture symbols represented both animate and inanimate objects.
		The youngest of the cuneiform writings, the semialphabet Early Persian script, was the first to be deciphered; the Babylonian, much older and more complicated, was the second; neo-Elamite was the third; and Sumerian, the oldest cuneiform script, was the last to be deciphered.
		Sayce, A. The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions (Ares 1977).
	oke.grolier.com /InfoOffset=11472&FFC=F&OEMTag=DW&MajorVersion=14&EAID=0115570-00.ea (1545 words)

	Cuneiform Tablets: About the Collection
		Cuneiform Tablets: From the Reign of Gudea of Lagash to Shalmanassar III includes 38 items in a variety of materials–mostly clay tablets, but also several brick fragments and two clay cones.
		Cuneiform, an ancient writing system, involves the use of a reed to make impressions in clay.
		Cuneiform was developed by the Sumerians, who thrived during the third century B.C. Sumerians influenced culture and development beyond their original borders in Mesopotamia (present-day southern Iraq), site of the world’s earliest civilization.
	international.loc.gov /intldl/cuneihtml/about.html (1043 words)

	CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS IN THE LOOTED IRAQ MUSEUM
		The cuneiform writing system (from the Latin word for "wedge") was in use in ancient Mesopotamia for some three thousand years (approximately 3,000 B.C. to the beginning of the Christian era).
		The world's largest collection of cuneiform tablets is probably the British Museum‘s, much acquired in their excavations in the mid- to late nineteenth century, and partly acquired on the antiquities market.
		The size and shape of cuneiform tablets varied greatly depending on the period and area and the purpose of the tablet.
	www.ifar.org /cuneiform.htm (1256 words)

	The Digital Classification of Ancient Near Eastern Cuneiform Data
		With it, for the first time, scholars in cuneiform will be able find out what the signs they spend their lives working on actually look like as they occur on real tablets.
		It must be remembered that the cuneiform sign had a long and varied history: three thousand years of continuous use, in widely different civilisations, languages, and geographical areas.
		Cuneiform tablets can put up with much hard usage, but not even they can survive entirely untouched by the systematic and thorough destruction of the city that surrounds them.
	www.english.bham.ac.uk /staff/tom/research/cuneiform/tuscany (4239 words)

	Cuneiform
		Cuneiform is the ancient writing system created by the Sumerians about 3000 B.C.E. Cuneiform was used in commerce by many ancient civilizations and was valued for its practical use.
		Cuneiform, which is the earliest known system of writing, was the Sumerians most important and useful contribution.(from the Latin word cuneus, meaning "wedge").
		Cuneiform writing also included determinatives, which were symbols used to indicate which to class of words a word belonged to:plurals, men rivers, gods, wooden objects, etc.
	www.richeast.org /htwm/cune/cune.html (1453 words)

	Cuneiform (script) at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Cuneiform writing is the first known form of written language.
		The first pictograms were drawn on clay tablets in vertical columns with a pen made from a sharpened reed stylus.
		The last known cuneiform inscription, an astronomical text, was written in 75 AD.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Cuneiform_(script).html (736 words)

	cuneiform. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The history of the script is strikingly parallel to that of the Egyptian hieroglyphic (see also alphabet and inscription).
		A very late use of cuneiform writing was that of the Persians, who established a syllabary for Old Persian.
		Two great names in the interpretation of cuneiforms are those of Sir Henry C. Rawlinson and G. Grotefend.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cu/cuneifor.html (347 words)

	CLARK COLLECTION OF ANCIENT ART (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The cuneiform tablets are mainly records of the sale, transfer, or receipt of grain and animals used for cultic and secular purposes.
		Cuneiform, from the Latin cuneus, meaning "wedge," is the term applied to a mode of writing which used a wedge-shaped stylus to make impressions on a clay surface, and also on stone, metal, and wax.
		Cuneiform writing was probably invented by the Sumerians, but was subsequently adapted for writing in the Akkadian language, of which Babylonian and Assyrian are dialects.
	www.ripon.edu /clark_collection/cuneiform.html (730 words)

	IBSS - Biblical Archaeology - Cuneiform
		The next greatest discovery was cuneiform tablets, and their decipherment.
		Cuneiform is also chiseled on to stones and rocks.
		The man most responsible for the decipherment of cuneiform is Henry Rawlinson.
	www.bibleandscience.com /archaeology/discoveries/cuneiform.htm (723 words)

	About CDP - cuneiform palaeography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The work of decipherment of the lost languages of cuneiform has largely been accomplished, through more than a hundred years of painstaking, international scholarly endeavour.
		Cuneiform is thus readily open to such research, since there was a continuous evolution of the cuneiform script, with numerous regional variations and much mutation into local variants of the standard forms.
		The CDP will concern itself with cataloguing the appearance of cuneiform signs from the Early Dynastic period to the "last wedge", wherever, and upon whatever material, it is found; this will assist researchers in conducting palaeographical research.
	www.cdp.bham.ac.uk /About_CDP/cun_pal.htm (744 words)

	cuneiform on Encyclopedia.com
		CUNEIFORM [cuneiform] [Lat.,=wedge-shaped], system of writing developed before the last centuries of the 4th millennium BC in the lower Tigris and Euphrates valley, probably by the Sumerians.
		Cuneiform writing declined in use after the Persian conquest of Babylonia (539 BC), and after a brief renaissance (3d-1st cent.
		Cuneiform inscriptions made visible on bronze plates from the Upper Anzaf Fortress, Turkey.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/cuneifor.asp (553 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Cuneiform
		The term "cuneiform" is very deceptive, in that it tricks people into thinking that it's some type of writing system.
		The truth is that cuneiform denotes not one but several kinds of writing systems, including logosyllabic, syllabic, and alphabetic scripts.
		However, these cuneiform records are really descendents of another counting system that had been used for five thousand years before.
	www.ancientscripts.com /cuneiform.html (703 words)

	Memory of the World Register - Nominated Documentary Heritage - The Hittite cuneiform tablets from Bogazköy - Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Hittite civilisation while being linked with that of the Akkadians and Sumerians and was not free from Egyptian and Hurrian influences, it seems also that, in its turn, Hittite arts and civilization had some influences on the arts of the Eagean.
		From the cuneiform tablets found at Bogazköy, it was possible to distinguish the existence of eight different languages, which indicate the polyglot nature of the Hittite Empire.
		Contextual assessment: Bogazköy archive of cuneiform tablets is the only source of information relating to Hittites as well as to the social, political, commercial activities of the area.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/mdm/2001/eng/turkey/cuneiform/cuneiform_form.html (1822 words)

	Cuneiform
		However, the syllabic sounds that the Sumerian cuneiform represented were used to approximate the sounds of Akkadian words.
		An Indo-European language, Hittite, adapted cuneiform (and joint cuneiform/hieroglyphic inscriptions led to the decipherment of Hittite hieroglyphics).
		Around 500 BCE in the mighty Persian empire of Darius, a new script using cuneiform writing was invented for the recording of Old Persian.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/Writing/Cuneiform.html (442 words)

	DCCLT - Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts
		This system of symbols is called archaic cuneiform and was the earliest form of writing.
		Over the course of time, cuneiform was adapted to record a variety of other languages, the most important of which was Akkadian, a Semitic language.
		The most important distinction that may be made in the cuneiform lexical corpus is that between sign lists and word lists.
	cuneiform.ucla.edu /dcclt/intro/lexical_intro.html (2732 words)

	Museums and the Web 2003: Papers: Watkins and Snyder
		The earliest texts appear in Mesopotamia around 3200 BC and the last native cuneiform texts were written around 75 AD. The ancient scribes pressed the ends of their styluses into damp clay in order to write the approximately 800 different logographic, syllabic, or alphabetic signs.
		Cuneiform research is hampered by the lack of a standard computer encoding for cuneiform text, there being no ASCII equivalent for cuneiform.
		But due to the multi-tiered three dimensionality of cuneiform documents (wedge impressions, round tablets, and over-the-edge writing), scores of photographs are required, taken at different angles, with different lighting, and at different magnifications, in order to convey enough useful 2D information to enable the collation of a single tablet.
	www.archimuse.com /mw2003/papers/watkins/watkins.html (2432 words)

	Cuneiform Tablets
		Cuneiform was a system of writing used by different language groups in the ancient Near and Middle Eastern regions to inscribe information in a variety of languages.
		Cuneiform was for the most part deciphered by archaeologists Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson and Georg Friedrich Grotefend in the mid to late 19th century, though there are many cuneiform tablets written in languages which are yet to be deciphered.
		That was until cuneiform tablets discovered in the Mesopotamian region were deciphered and found to contain mention of the Babylonian king.
	www.allaboutarchaeology.org /cuneiform-tablets-faq.htm (421 words)

	Amazon.com: Cuneiform (Reading the Past): Books: C. B. F. Walker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The decipherment of cuneiform is explained and--for the collector--some guidelines for the identification of fake inscriptions are given.
		Cuneiform is a type of writing that has been used for at least 15 languages, including Sumerian and Akkadian.
		Cuneiform is a script, a writing tool used by at least 15 different ancient languages (much in the way the alphabet from which you are reading this review is shared among dozens of languages, with minor variations).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0520061152?v=glance (2366 words)

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