
	Where results make sense

Topic: Cuneiform language

Related Topics

Cuneiform script

cuneiform language

Cuneiform Records

Transliterating cuneiform languages

cuneiform bone

Sumero Akkadian Cuneiform

cuneiform tablet

medial cuneiform bone

astronomical cuneiform texts

intermediate cuneiform bone

In the News (Mon 13 Oct 08)

Bank of America 500

Jeff Burton

Kimi Raikkonen

Robert Mugabe

Zaheer Khan

Angelina Jolie

Brett Myers

Manmohan Singh

Charlie Manuel

Japanese Grand Prix

	Akkadian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cuneiform was in many ways unsuited to Akkadian: among its flaws was its inability to represent important phonemes in Semitic, including a glottal stop, pharyngeals, and emphatic consonants.
		Older Sumerian cuneiform also distinguished between the vowels i and e; this distinction, though not originally present in Akkadian, was adopted by scribes to compensate for the disappearance (or non-writing) of the original Semitic pharyngeals.
		Akkadian is an inflected language, possessing two genders (masculine and feminine), distinguished even in second person pronouns (you-masc., you-fem.) and verb conjugations; three cases for nouns and adjectives (nominative, accusative, and genitive); three numbers (singular, dual, and plural); and unique verb conjugations for each first, second, and third person pronoun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akkadian_language (674 words)

	Cuneiform script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cuneiform pictograms were drawn on clay tablets in vertical columns with a pen made from a sharpened reed stylus.
		Cuneiform tablets could be fired in kilns to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if permanence was not called for.
		When the cuneiform script was adapted to writing the Hittite language, a layer of Akkadian logographic spellings was added to the script, with the result that we no longer know the pronunciations of many Hittite words conventionally written by logograms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuneiform_(script) (931 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cuneiform
		Cuneiform writing, which originated in southern Mesopotamia, was invented probably by the Sumerians, who used it to inscribe the Sumerian language; it was subsequently adapted for writing the Akkadian language, of which Babylonian and Assyrian are dialects.
		Because Akkadian, the language of later inhabitants of Sumer, became the language of international communication it was studied in schools throughout the ancient Middle East, and the use of cuneiform spread to Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, and, for diplomatic correspondence, to Egypt.
		The Elamite cuneiform is frequently called the language of the second form because it appears in the second position of the trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenian kings.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563112/Cuneiform.html (1587 words)

	Cuneiform Tablets
		The earliest attested documents in cuneiform were written in Sumerian, the language of the inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia and Chaldea from the 4th until the 2nd millennium BC.
		Earlier cuneiform was written in columns from top to bottom but during the 3rd millennium came to be written from left to right with the cuneiform signs turned on their sides.
		Cuneiform was borrowed by the Elamites, the Kassites, the Persians, the Mitanni, and the Hurrians.
	www.crystalinks.com /cuneiformtablets.html (717 words)

	Sumer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sumerians, with a language, culture, and, perhaps, appearance different from their Semitic neighbors and successors were at one time believed to have been invaders, but the archaeological record shows cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5200-4500 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia.
		The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian belongs to the Afro-Asiatic languages.
		Their cuneiform writing system was the first we have evidence of (with the possible exception of the highly controversial Old European Script), pre-dating Egyptian hieroglyphics by at least seventy five years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sumeria (2307 words)

	Cuneiform writing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cuneiform writing has been used in several languages, and was in use for about 3,000 years, from about 3100 BCE till year 0.
		Cuneiform writing originated in southern Mesopotamia, and was created in the Sumerian culture, in order to write in the Sumerian language.
		Cuneiform writing was also applied to several local languages, like Hurrian in northern Mesopotamia, Syria and Asia Minor, Eblaite in Syria, Hittite, Luwian, Palaic and Hattic in Asia Minor, and Urartian in Armenia.
	i-cias.com /e.o/cuneiform.htm (544 words)

	Ugaritic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ugaritic language is known to us only in the form of writings found in the lost city of Ugarit in Syria since its discovery by French archaeologists in 1928.
		Ugaritic was a Semitic language written in cuneiform that was adapted for use as an alphabet.
		However, from the perspective of linguistic taxonomy, it is not viewed as a Canaanite language mainly because of the absence of the Canaanite ā > ō shift; rather, it is a close relative of the proto-language from which the languages termed Canaanite descend, and was spoken at about the same time as that language.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ugaritic_language (543 words)

	Cuneiform and the Bible by Lesley Adkins
		Cuneiform was not a language, but a script or writing system that was used to convey several different spoken languages.
		Cuneiform is similar to the Roman script in that it too was used for a long period to write down different languages, evolving to suit each language and also evolving over time.
		Old Persian cuneiform was used for the first time from 521 BC in the inscription at Bisitun, and Darius and his successor Xerxes had many of their achievements recorded in other trilingual inscriptions in Elamite, Babylonian and the newly invented Old Persian cuneiform.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Adkins_Cuneiform.htm (3758 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Stamps and the Story of Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Languages form the very cornerstone of civilization, and the development of written language - from ideographs and pictographs to alphabets - is one of man's greatest and most important achievements.
		Cuneiform, the writing of ancient Babylonia, Assyria, Chaldea and environs, as well as of Persia, derives its name from the Latin word cuneus ("wedge") and the Middle French word "forme," a reference to the wedge-shaped characters.
		Other Turkish stamps pertaining to languages and education include a 1961 set of three marking the 25th anniversary of the Faculty of Languages, History and Geography at the University of Ankara, and a 1973 semi-postal, issued to raise funds for the Istanbul Technical Institute.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197902/stamps.and.the.story.of.language.htm (1137 words)

	Cuneiform script -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cuneiform tablets could be fired in (A large oven for firing or burning or drying such things as porcelain or bricks) kilns to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if permanence was not called for.
		Written (An ancient branch of the Semitic languages) Akkadian included both phonetic symbols from the Sumerian (A writing system whose characters represent syllables) syllabary, together with (A single written symbol that represents an entire word or phrase without indicating its pronunciation) logograms that were read as whole words.
		When the cuneiform script was adapted to writing the (Click link for more info and facts about Hittite language) Hittite language, a layer of Akkadian logographic spellings was added to the script, with the result that we no longer know the pronunciations of many Hittite words conventionally written by logograms.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/cuneiform_script.htm (1109 words)

	Transliteration - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is opposed to transcription, which maps the sounds of one language to the script of another language.
		For example, the Greek language is written in the 24-letter Greek alphabet, which overlaps with, but differs from, the 26-letter version of the Roman alphabet in which English is written.
		In the study of languages written in cuneiform, transliteration is the process of representing the sounds of written cuneiform signs in a lossless[?] way, as opposed to transcription, which is a lossy[?] method of representing the spoken language.
	openproxy.ath.cx /tr/Transliteration.html (915 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The cuneiform signs were made up of straight lines, with a broader head where the, now blunt, stylus was pressed into the clay, which led to the wedge-shaped look.
		Cuneiform was used throughout the centuries to write a larger variety of languages, some Semitics like Eblaic and Aramaic, some indo-European, like Hittite, and some without any known linguistic Affiliation, like Hurrian, Urartean, or Elamite.
		The quantity and variety of cuneiform texts are enormous, it is richer than what is found in the rest of the ancient world, the total number of published texts so far easily surpasses 50,000, and even larger quantities remain unpublished in museums, while the numbers still to be excavated cannot be fathomed.
	www.zyworld.com /assyrian/Cuneiform.htm (354 words)

	Encyclopedia: Akkadian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Akkadian (liÅ¡Änum akkadÄ«tum) was a Semitic language (part of the greater Afro-Asiatic language famaily) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians.
		The Sumerian language of ancient Sumer was spoken in Southern Mesopotamia from at least the 4th millennium BC.
		In languages written in cuneiform, a phonetic complement is a sign used to indicate the type of the word it either precedes or follows.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Akkadian-language (2770 words)

	(12) Early civilizations and the development of writing systems in the world.
		Egyptian ‘demotic’ language was replaced by Coptic around 200 AD which was written in Greek alphabet with seven letters borrowed from ‘demotic.’ It had six dialects, four of the north and two of the south of Egypt.
		As the Sumerian language developed and more words were added, the representation of words became more and more complicated, still it had only 16 consonants and four vowels (a, e, i and u).
		Lots of cuneiform clay tablets have been found in Semite and Persian language that show that it was the common system of writing of ancient Middle East civilization, but slowly, as other languages came into being and after the downfall of Babylonia after 323 BC, the Sumerian language and the cuneiform script died out.
	encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org /articles/12_early_civilizations.htm (1853 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Scholars Perform Autopsy on Ancient Writing Systems
		They decide the old language is an inconvenience, the old culture is mumbo jumbo and the script that serves it is subversive.
		For ancient languages, the margin for survival was always narrow: "We're so used to universal literacy that we forget that the whole Mayan [literate] population may have been a third of the number of people who go to a college football game today," said Pennsylvania State University anthropologist David Webster, a Maya expert.
		Cuneiform continued into the first millennium B.C. as the script for ritual, administration and commerce, but later tablets show notes in the margin written in the more recently developed Aramaic alphabet, an ominous sign.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A40010-2003Aug24?language=printer (1009 words)

	USATODAY.com - Ancient writing system gets Internet update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For the few hundred cuneiform researchers worldwide, translating tablets today requires a time-consuming and expensive process of jet travel from one collection to another, leaving many of the ancient records unknown to historians and the public.
		Cuneiform flourished from 3200 B.C. to perhaps as recently as A.D. A written language that combines about 600 common signs representing ideas with rebus-style depictions of sounds, cuneiform recorded the tax receipts, religion, science, medicine and legends of the ancient world.
		Cuneiform means "wedge-shaped," a reference to the triangular impressions that make up the crosses and slashes of each word.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/2002/05/21/cuneiform.htm (961 words)

	Sumerian Language & Writing
		The Sumerian language was not deciphered until the nineteenth century of our era, when it was found to be different from both the Indo-European and Semitic language groups.
		Sumerian, the oldest known written language in human history, was spoken in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and peripheral regions) throughout the third millennium BC and survived as an esoteric written language until the death of the cuneiform tradition around the time of Christ.
		Cuneiform was the language of politics until the fifth century BC.
	www.crystalinks.com /sumerlanguage.html (466 words)

	cuneiform. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Cuneiform writing was used outside Mesopotamia also, notably in Elam and by the Hittites (see Anatolian languages).
		A very late use of cuneiform writing was that of the Persians, who established a syllabary for Old Persian.
		Two great names in the interpretation of cuneiforms are those of Sir Henry C. Rawlinson and G. Grotefend.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cu/cuneifor.html (347 words)

	Amazon@Apolyton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cuneiform script is, after all, a kind of corrupted pictogram or hieroglyph, much in the manner that modern Chinese characters still retain hieroglyphic elements despite being much simplified and varied in use from the original image.
		Like any language, there are large sections which must simply be committed to memory, both of rules and of vocabulary and word-construction variations.
		However, like any language, it was intended to be understood, not confused, and thus there are patterns which become clear upon closer inspection.
	apolyton.net /amazon/item.php?ASIN=1579109659 (587 words)

	Cuneiform Writing @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		Draw your cuneiform monograms on the smooth sides with ink, paint, or pipecleaners which can be bent and glued into place.
		Cuneiform was written on clay tablets, and then baked hard in a kiln.
		Akkadian and cuneiform continued to thrive for more than another thousand years under the Assyrians and the later Babylonian revival of Nebuchadnezzar.
	www.upenn.edu /museum/Games/cuneiform.html (1437 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Sumerian
		As the Sumerian language had a high number of monosyllabic words, there was a high degree of homophony, meaning that there is a large number of words that sound alike or identical.
		Another interesting fact about Sumerian (and later cuneiform systems as well) is that the numeric system is both decimal (base-10) and sexagesimal (base-60).
		As a spoken language, Sumerian died out around the 18th century BCE, but continued as a "learned" written language (much like Latin was during the Middle Ages in Europe).
	www.ancientscripts.com /sumerian.html (1223 words)

	Persia & Creation of Judaism; Book 4. Sacred History or Phony History? - Assyria - (CAIS at SOAS)
		The language had been forgotten, and its writing seemed so bewildering that the earlier European explorers mistook the wedge shaped characters (whence their name “cuneiform”) for bizarre ornamental decorations.
		The unspoken Sumerian language continued in use for rituals, which had to be conducted meticulously correctly to be effective, a conservative factor making for preservation of custom well beyond its normal sell-by date.
		A language spoken in the northwestern district of Mesopotamia between the Euphrates and the Orontes, is known as Mitanni, which has been adapted to cuneiform characters.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/non-iranian/Judaism/Persian_Judaism/book4/pt2.htm (5627 words)

	cuneiform writing -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Cuneiform was the most widespread and historically significant writing system in the ancient Middle East.
		(Earlier Luwian texts written in cuneiform are thought by scholars to be in a central Luwian dialect.) Inscriptions written in Hittite hieroglyphs...
		The term is from the Latin, meaning “wedge-shaped.” The writing system was in use at least by the end of the 4th millennium BC, and during the 3rd millennium the pictures that it used became fairly standardized linear drawings.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9273879 (801 words)

	Introduction to the Akkadian language (Babylonian and Assyrian cuneiform texts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chapter 1 of John Heise's 'Akkadian language' with a general introduction of Akkadian as one of the great cultural languages of world history.
		Akkadian (or Babylonian-Assyrian) is the collective name for the spoken languages of the culture in the three millennia BCE in Mesopotamia, the area between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, approx.
		The name Akkadian --so called in ancient time-- is derived from the city-state of Akkad, founded in the middle of the third millennium BCE and capital of one of the first great empires after the dawn of human history.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bxpoma/akkadeng/akintro.htm (400 words)

	The Monolith of Pokotia (Sumerian Language etched on Ancient Mesopotamian Items)! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The earliest known documents in cuneiform were written by the Sumerians of southern Mesopotamia, who assigned their own word-sounds to the symbols.
		An agglutinative language is a language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.
		A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/772170/posts (3168 words)

	Search Results for cuneiform - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Around Babylon, clay was abundant, and the people impressed their symbols in damp clay tablets before drying them in the sun or in a kiln, thus forming documents that were practically as permanent as...
		Semitic language spoken in Mesopotamia in the 3rd–1st millennia.
		Covers Old Babylonian cuneiform numbers, a summary of Old Babylonian single and combined multiplication tables with a list of principal numbers, a brief description of the procedure for finding reciprocals of regular numbers not in the standard table, and Mesopotamian procedures for solving rectangular problems involving square roots.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=cuneiform&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (538 words)

	Summary Akkadian language (Babylonian and Assyrian cuneiform texts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Students best start learning the grammar from cuneiform texts that are already transliterated and at the same time study some of the references to the history and to the Akkadian culture.
		num meaning 'tongue', 'language' is feminine, although it is sometimes masculine in the meaning 'language'.
		I could also have written 'the language of Akkad' as a combination of two nouns, the second in the genitive case.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bxpoma/akkadeng/title.htm (591 words)

	The Cuneiform Language -- InTheBeginning.org
		CuneiForm '99 is loaded with features such as OLE automation, DragandDrop, direct Word export and many more.
		Cuneiform is an extremely complicated but ingenious writing system that was used throughout Western Asia for over three thousand years down into the first century AD.
		Cuneiform numbers were written using a combination of just two signs: a vertical wedge for '1' and a corner wedge for '10'.
	www.inthebeginning.org /babylonlingua/language/cuneiform.htm (357 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)