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Topic: Cupule

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	Patent 4474191: Tar-free smoking devices
		A hole 11 at the bottom of the cupule 4 is closed by a nib 12 when the cupule is forced down toward the bottom of the pipe bowl 5.
		When the position of the cupule 4 is raised by a counter-clockwise twisting movement within the pipe bowl 5, the hole 11 is opened but the series of crown holes 17 and 18 are no longer in line.
		Once the pipe is lit, the cupule 4 is twisted clockwise to a lower position until the bottom hole 11 is closed and the air is allowed to flow through holes 17 and 18.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4474191.html (3771 words)

	sitetop
		Cupules are the small indentations on the rock surface.
		Loci 2: View standing at Cupule Boulder: Run your mouse over this image, observing the view change from Boulder Cave (the large boulder at the base of the steep canyon).
		Coordinator Dan Reeves inspects the cupule patterns running around the lip of the opening and damage caused by cattle rubbings.
	www.anth.ucsb.edu /projects/kamupau/sitetop.html (287 words)

	Anatomy of Umkomasia (Corystospermales) from the Triassic of Antarctica -- Klavins et al. 89 (4): 664 -- American ...
		Cross section of unlobed cupule near apex of ovule, with distinct inner (IC) and outer (OC) cupule cortex zones, central vascular strand (white arrow) in dorsal wall, lateral walls of the cupule enclosing a single ovule, numerous secretory cavities in integument (I), mass of tissue at nucellar apex (N), and cupule stalk (CS).
		the cupules are recurved, the apex is oriented downward and
		In the bilobed cupules, the vascular strand dichotomizes in
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/4/664 (6437 words)

	Coadaptation of cupule, kernel type and kernel row number (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are a series of multiple alleles for degree and induration of cupule development on the short arm of chromosome 4.
		But the cupule is not now needed in sweet corn and other defective endosperm types with kernels that do shrink at least 10% on drying.
		By removing the cupule with the cupuleless allele on chromosome 4, we may expect to increase kernel row numbers in sweet corn to 40 or more without fasciation.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/57/121galinat.html (235 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 81, 6, June, 1994 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Permineralized Seed Fern Cupules from the Triassic of Antarctica: Implications for Cupule and Carpel Evolution, 666-677
		Cupules are bilateral with a dorsal groove and transverse narrow ventral opening.
		Ovules are orthotropus, sessile, and borne on the adaxial surface of the leaflike cupule either singly or in multiple rows.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001962.php (3051 words)

	Sexual transmutation consistent with the cupule reduction mode of maize's origin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The pronounced cupules are female secondary sex traits of teosinte and the elongate rachillae are female baggage from the tunicate allele carried by Chapalote maize.
		But cupule reduction and short rachillae do occur in a different grouping of maize races, the pathway that I have termed Chalco-Southern Dent (Galinat, Agronomy 18:1-31, 1988).
		Furthermore, ts2 (tassel seed 2) derivatives of both teosinte and Tripsacum have paired female spikelets with foliaceous glumes, reduced cupules and short rachillae in their "tassels" that are similar to certain Tehuacan specimens.
	grain.jouy.inra.fr /ggpages/mgcnl/mnl/66/192galinat.html (299 words)

	Kernel interlocking (tesselation) resulting from cupule reduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By introducing genes for the noncupulate condition into high row sweet corn, the kernel row number was reduced by half as the adjoining members of different pairs interlocked.
		Apparently, some minimal degree of cupule development is necessary in sweet corn in order to maintain the desired high kernel row numbers.
		Cupule development together with expression of the high kernel row number would be restored to the hybrid from the other parent.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/59/154galinat.html (150 words)

	New perspectives on the Mesozoic seed fern order Corystospermales based on attached organs from the Triassic of ...
		Cupulate organ axis apex with attached cupule stalks.
		Isolated cupulate organs are common at the new locality.
		1985 The Cretaceous pteridosperms Ruflorinia and Ktalenia and implications on cupule and carpel evolution.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/757 (4990 words)

	Response of Eastern Gamagrass Seed to Gibberellic Acid Buffered below Its pKa -- Tian et al. 43 (3): 927 -- Crop Science
		cupule and pericarp on seed dormancy of eastern gamagrass.
		Lines were fit through germination data collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of germination time and represent combined data from six seed lots produced across three different years and soaking periods of 24 and 48 h.
		Cupule removal and caryopsis scarification improves germination of eastern gamagrass seed.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/3/927 (3871 words)

	Lab X - Anthophytes, Glossopterids and Others (3)
		Each cupule is recurved, has a lip-like projection near the point of attachment, and contains several ovules arranged in a curved row with their micropyles facing the cupule opening.
		The discovery of what was incorrectly interpreted as pollen tubes in association with the lip-like projection, and the fleshy character of the cupule itself, led some workers to conclude that Caytonia represented a fruit (carpel) with many seeds.
		The megasporophyll is an axis with branches borne in axils of bracts.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /IB181/VPL/Cup/Cup3.html (990 words)

	a)bhim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Auditorium Cave, India, Acheulian, >290,000 BP, cupule along with undulating, meander line; possible other cupule sites of Acheulian age in India but dating of these sites is insecure.
		There is a large, circular cup mark on a massive floor boulder, and a pecked meandering line that approaches the cupule, then runs parallel to its edge for a distance before it veers off again and peters out.
		These heavily corroded marks were found in 1990 at more than 1.5 m depth in an existing excavation trench.
	www.originsnet.org /lasignsIIgallery/pages/a)bhim.htm (398 words)

	Pharyngula
		Complete specimen with cupule (cs, cupule segment), multilobed integument (il, integument lobe), and megasporangium.
		This early occurrence of a seed plant precursor adds more credit to hypotheses that spermatophytes are nested in the Aneurophytales rather than the Archaeopteridales and supports views about nonfoliar origins of the cupule and integument of the earliest seeds.
		Finally, Runcaria demonstrates that, in addition to monomegaspory, endomegasporangy, and integumentation, possession of a cupule and differentiation of an unopened megasporangial apex preceded the acquisition of the pollen chamber and lagenostome characterizing the hydrasperman organization.
	pharyngula.org /index/science/print/1463 (531 words)

	Sperm chemotaxis in siphonophores. II. Calcium-dependent asymmetrical movement of spermatozoa induced by the attractant ...
		across the cupule area without modification of their trajectories and no
		response for calcium ions is observed either with fresh cupules stuck on
		the eggs, with cupules separated from the eggs, or with cupule extracts.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/68/1/163 (376 words)

	[No title]
		Fascicles having 1 whorl of fused, flattened inner bristles, subtended by 5-25 free, terete, outer bristles (3)
		Inner bristles fused only at the base and forming a shallow disk, their abaxial surfaces with 1-3 grooves.....
		Panicles 2-8.2 cm; fascicles 9-16 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, imbricate, ovoid, densely pubescent; bristles 15-43; outer bristles usually present, flattened or terete; inner bristles 4-8 mm long, 1.2-3 mm wide, fused for at least 1/2 their length, forming a distinct cupule, the distal portions diverging at irregular intervals from the cupule, stramineous or purple.
	herbarium.usu.edu /treatments/Cenchrus.htm (1381 words)

	Pharrryngula::Friday Plant sorta-blogging
		Runcaria evolved in th' Givetian, when progymnosperms were represented by aphyllous Aneurophytales and earliest representatives o' th' Archaeopteridales (3).
		This early occurrence o' a seed plant precursor adds more credit t' hypotheses that spermatophytes are nested in th' Aneurophytales rather than th' Archaeopteridales and supports views about nonfoliar origins o' th' cupule and integument o' th' earliest seeds.
		Finally, Runcaria demonstrates that, in addition t' monomegaspory, endomegasporangy, and integumentation, possession o' a cupule and differentiation o' an unopened megasporangial apex preceded th' acquisition o' th' pollen chamber and lagenostome characterizin' th' hydrasperman organization.
	pharyngula.org /index/pirate/comments/friday_plant_sorta_blogging (680 words)

	a cupule of questions. - Marijuana Growing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Everything you EVER DID is STILL STORED IN YOUR PC.
		Click here for the full version: a cupule of questions.
		Posted by okley197 in General Indoor Growing: "a cupule of questions."
	www.overgrow.com /edge/showthread/t-41365.html (171 words)

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