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Topic: Curfew

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	An Analysis of Curfew Enforcement and Juvenile Crime in California
		Whether enforcement of curfews is related to higher or lower levels of youth crime is examined by means of a standard correlation analysis.
		Curfew enforcement is also associated with higher rates of violent crime by Asian youth and with higher rates of all types of arrest (subtracting curfew arrests) among white and Asian youth.
		Therefore, since curfews apply to youth and not to adults, we would expect their most obvious effects to be on juvenile death rates net of (compared to) those of adults.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v1n2/males.html (6169 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Alaska Court Strikes Down Curfew Law as Violation of Parents and Childrens' ...
		The curfew had been upheld last year in a limited administrative appeal of an individual curfew citation given to David Treacy, and that case is currently on appeal by Treacy to the Alaska Supreme Court.
		Curfews have been upheld in Texas and the District of Columbia.
		Under the Anchorage municipal curfew ordinance, which took effect January 1, 1996, a minor (under age 18) commits a criminal offense if he or she is in any public place in Anchorage during curfew hours.
	www.aclu.org /crimjustice/juv/10285prs20010322.html?s_src=RSS (776 words)

	[No title]
		In addition, a 24-hour curfew hotline has been set up to respond to questions about the curfew policy and its enforcement.27 Curfew violators brought to the CCC are screened by counselors, and their parents or guardians are contacted.
		Curfew violators are held in the nonsecure section of JAC and screened to determine whether they are experiencing problems relating to drug and alcohol abuse, mental health, or family dynamics.
		Repeat curfew violators are also taken to JAC to be screened to determine what services may be provided the youth and their families to help address the situation.
	www.ncjrs.gov /txtfiles/curfew.txt (6806 words)

	Curfew
		Curfews have reemerged recently as a popular option for policymakers in their efforts to deter juvenile victimization and delinquency.
		As a result, the court found that the District of Columbia's evidence was insufficient to support the imposition of a curfew on all minors as a means to reduce juvenile crime and victimization and that the law was not narrowly drawn to achieve the purpose of the curfew law.
		The dusk-to-dawn curfew, enacted in response to an escalating level of violent crime involving juveniles as both perpetrators and victims, was influential in decreasing the incidence of youth crime arrests by 27 percent the year after its adoption.
	ojjdp.ncjrs.org /pubs/reform/ch2_c.html (2988 words)

	Curfew® soil fumigant
		Curfew soil fumigant dissipates rapidly and must be custom applied by authorized operators.
		Curfew is registered under the FIFRA section 24(c) only for sale and use in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.
		Curfew may not be sold or used in Dade County, Florida.
	www.dowagro.com /turf/prod/curfew.htm (289 words)

	The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws in California
		If stronger enforcement of curfew laws against youths over the 1980-96 period is significantly negatively correlated with rates of youth crime in a particular county (that is, more curfew arrests were accompanied or followed by lower levels of youth crime), it could be argued as a working hypothesis that law enforcement strategy reduced crime.
		Curfew enforcement was also associated with higher rates of violent crime by Asian youth and with higher rates of all types of arrest (subtracting curfew arrests) among white and Asian youth.
		Curfew arrest rates were positively correlated with youth misdemeanor arrest rates as a whole, both on an absolute and net basis.
	www.cjcj.org /pubs/curfew/curfew.html (3638 words)

	National Youth Rights Association - Curfew FAQ
		Curfew laws are often set by a city or a state and make it illegal for a person underage to be outside during certain times.
		In fact curfew laws may even lead to increased crime: "The current available data provides no basis to the belief that curfew laws are an effective way for communities to prevent youth crime and keep young people safe.
		The problem however was the criminal suspect was 37-years-old and the proposed youth curfew would have had no effect whatsoever on the murders that shocked this small town.
	www.youthrights.org /curfewfaq.php (1560 words)

	Criminal Justice Magazine Article
		Curfew violations themselves are generally not serious offenses and studies show that enforcement diminishes after the first few months, but curfew enforcement is often used as a predicate charge to justify frisks and other police activity leading to more serious charges.
		In a few jurisdictions, violation of the curfew enactment may be treated as a delinquency charge, but the overwhelming choice is to deal with such a violation as a "status offense," requiring special handling.
		Curfews place not only limitations on the activities of the 2/10th of 1 percent of youth who commit serious offenses, but also on the 99.8 percent who seek to engage in legitimate interests during the nighttime hours.
	www.abanet.org /crimjust/juvjus/cjcurfew.html (1170 words)

	B'Tselem - Freedom of Movement - Curfew
		Sweeping, prolonged 24-hour curfews in the West Bank reinforce the conclusion that substitute measures have not been seriously considered and that Israel has too often chosen that measure which is simply cheapest and easiest to implement.
		Using gunfire to enforce curfew testifies to a shameful disregard for human life and a "trigger happy" attitude.
		Firing at Palestinians who ostensibly violate curfew is even more problematic because of the lack of clarity in the procedures for imposing and lifting curfew.
	www.btselem.org /English/Freedom_of_Movement/Curfew.asp (725 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Total curfew in force in Baghdad
		Late on Thursday the brother-in-law of the new chief judge in Saddam Hussein's trial was shot dead.
		The curfew order was announced on state broadcaster Iraqiya.
		A three-day curfew was put in place in Baghdad and three provinces in February after the bombing of an important Shia shrine sparked violent protests, but pedestrians were allowed to walk to mosques.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/5393984.stm (432 words)

	Proposed Noise-based Curfew at SJC
		Any aircraft permitted to takeoff or land during curfew hours under the previous curfew will be permitted to continue to takeoff or land during curfew hours under the noise-based curfew.
		A non-compliant intrusion is any takeoff or landing by a prohibited aircraft during the curfew hours, which is not exempt due to causes beyond the operator’s control, such as mechanical problems, weather delays, Air Traffic Control, security delays or an emergency.
		Aircraft previously allowed to takeoff or land during the curfew hours under weight-based rules will continue to be allowed to takeoff or land during the curfew hours under the revised program.
	www.sjc.org /newsroom/press/2003/curfew_faqs.htm (852 words)

	Plan To Establish Daytime Curfew In San Diego County
		All may have concluded that the proper assembly of words is a little dated (sentence construction, the art thereof, vanished years ago), lost in the blips and fweeps of surfing the Web and stirring up e-mail, during which exercises nothing resembling an English word is ever put to use.
		If not, it is time to learn, for the one, curfew, looms over the Escondido part of North County right now, and it will surely lead to the other as night follows day.
		Curfews beget police states, which already have a strong foothold in cities that gave the green light to red-light cameras that watch for dastardly criminals at intersections.
	www.infowars.com /articles/ps/curfew_daytime_curfew_plan_san_diego.htm (654 words)

	National Youth Rights Association - Analysis of U.S. Curfew Laws
		General curfews have often been imposed as a response to an emergency, such as riots, and they usually were implemented only a few days to a few weeks.
		Males tested the hypothesis that the correlation between the level of curfew enforcement and the level of juvenile crime was negative, meaning that as the level of curfew enforcement rose, the level of juvenile crime should have decreased.
		Males' analysis of curfew laws throughout the state of California, over the maximum time period reliable data was available for, found no conclusive evidence that a correlation existed between the level of curfew enforcement and the level of juvenile crime that was statistically significant.
	www.youthrights.org /curfewana.php (3066 words)

	Curfew.Org : Fighting Youth Curfews
		It is aimed towards youths and adults interested in taking up the battle against curfew laws in their own town, and looking for a place to start or a little ammunition.
		This is the third ruling against the state curfew, a string of losses that bodes well for curfew fighters nationwide.
		Most interesting is that 80% of surveyed mayors reported a nighttime curfew in their city, and 90% felt that curfew enforcement was a good use of police officers' time.
	www.curfew.org /current (494 words)

	Supreme Court allows VA curfew to continue
		A federal appeals court previously ruled that the city, "was constitutionally justified in believing that its curfew would materially assist its first stated interest -- that of reducing juvenile violence and crime." The court also added that the curfew serves to protect children and supports parental efforts to discipline their children.
		The Charlottesville curfew, which took effect in early 1997, contains exceptions for minors accompanied by a parent or on an errand for a parent and in possession of an explanatory note, or attending various school, religious or civic activities.
		Since not all of them did modify their curfews, teenagers in those areas could sue their cities and use the San Diego verdict to prove that their cities are unconstitutional.
	www.libertarianrock.com /topics/curfew/supreme_court_va_curfew.html (400 words)

	Curfew
		The curfew law, he noted, would prohibit teenagers from such harmless activities as early morning sports practices or returning from a friend's home after late night studying, as well as violating the rights of parents to make responsible decisions about how to raise their own children.
		Despite the lack of evidence that curfew laws are effective in crime control, many cities have recently adopted or are considering curfew laws, fueled in part by President Clinton's announced support for curfew laws earlier this year.
		The District enacted a curfew in the summer of 1995, but its constitutionality is being challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union, and police say they are making few efforts to enforce the law.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/6529/notebook/curfew.html (987 words)

	News: Nepal, Curfew in Nepal's capital, political leaders under house arrest
		Residents rushed to work before the 8am to 6pm curfew came into effect but most businesses kept their shutters down as truckloads of police rumbled through the city and soldiers took up positions at key points.
		The last time a daytime curfew was imposed in the capital was when King Gyanendra sacked the government and assumed full executive powers on February 1, 2005.
		With the curfew in place and their leaders in detention, political parties were Friday planning torch-lit processions and protests after 6pm.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/VBOL-6L8DKG?OpenDocument (680 words)

	Youth Protection Curfew
		It shall be unlawful for any minor under the age of eighteen (18) years to be or remain in or upon any public street, highway, park, vacant lot or other public place between the hours of midnight and 5:00 a.m.
		The minor is legally employed for the period from one-half hour before to one-half hour after work, while going directly between his or her home and place of employment.
		This exception shall also apply if the minor is in a public place during curfew hours in the course of his or her employment, provided the minor carries a written statement form the employer attesting to the place and hours of employment.
	www.ci.concord.ca.us /police/programs/curfew.htm (621 words)

	Reason Magazine - Do You Know Where Your Children Are?
		Twenty-six cities with a nighttime but no daytime curfew were able to provide the relevant data; according to those figures, juvenile crime rates declined by an average of 21 percent.
		To determine whether curfews were a factor in the drop, the center's Justice Policy Institute examined data from the state of California from 1978 through 1996--the first comprehensive study of the issue.
		(Some curfews are barely enforced, so it's not enough to note whether a town simply has a curfew.) To capture local variations, they also compared curfew arrest rates and youth crime rates for the 12 most populous counties in the state and for cities with populations over 100,000 in Los Angeles and Orange counties.
	www.reason.com /news/printer/31171.html (1783 words)

	RTA cool on P-plater night curfew - National - www.smh.com.au
		Any move to put a night-time curfew on young drivers would be difficult to enforce, particularly in country areas, NSW authorities say.
		The curfew was proposed by an American road safety expert, but the response of the Roads and Traffic Authority was mixed.
		The curfew debate comes as a large study of young drivers continues, with the assessment of thousands of drivers 12 months after getting their P-plates.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2004/07/07/1089000229678.html?from=storylhs (426 words)

	County Curfew FAQ
		Violation of the County Curfew is a class 2 petty offense and is punishable upon conviction by up to 9 months in jail and/or up to a $300 fine.
		Juveniles under the age of 18 are accountable to curfew hours in the unincorporated area of Arapahoe County.
		When such minor is in the custody of, or accompanied by a person who has reached his or her 18th birthday, and has in his or her possession the written consent of such parent or guardian, or the person having legal care or custody of the minor.
	www.arapahoesheriff.org /Departments/SH/PublicSafety/Patrol/curfewfaq.asp (590 words)

	New Haven officials considering gun buyback, youth curfew - Boston.com
		City officials are considering buying back guns and instituting a youth curfew to help curb a surge in youth violence.
		The curfew would affect youths 17 years old and younger and run from 10 p.m.
		Children caught after curfew would be taken home to their parents.
	www.boston.com /news/local/connecticut/articles/2006/08/27/new_haven_officials_considering_gun_buyback_youth_curfew?rss_id=Boston.com+%2F+News (428 words)

	ZNet \| Mideast \| A Suffocating Curfew
		Friday marked the 10th consecutive day of full curfew in Nablus, a curfew that has not been lifted for a minute, and this week will mark 100 days since the imposition of the general curfew, which is lifted only rarely, and for only a few hours, at very short notice.
		The 200,000 residents of the city are apparently close to reaching the outer limits of their ability to cope with the horrific situation the IDF is forcing on them.
		Others violated the curfew and went out to demonstrate in the face of the tanks that are stationed at the barrier in front of the mosque.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=2406§ionID=22 (892 words)

	Reason Magazine - Contributors > Margaret Davidson
		America's first wave of juvenile curfew laws took hold in the late 19th century. What's new is the nostrum's renewed popularity with politicians--and citizens' increased willingness to challenge the curfews in court.
		Even when she wasn't out, the curfew could be a problem: Police once questioned her for talking with a friend in front of her home. Besides, there's the principle at stake.
		To determine whether curfews were a factor in the drop, the center's Justice Policy Institute examined data from the state of California from 1978 through 1996--the first comprehensive study of the issue. Their answer was unequivocal.
	www.reason.com /contrib/show/417.xml (1762 words)

	Stay out past curfew legally
		For example, since courts have ruled that curfews may not limit your First Amendment rights, then you and a friend may be allowed to put on political stickers, buttons, or hats, and exercise your rights by simply walking on the street.
		Only judges can punish you for violating your curfew but even judges can be overruled by more senior judges.
		Finally, keep in mind that teenagers in Boston were arrested for violating a curfew that DOES NOT have a First Amendment exception yet they were eventually acquitted of the charges because they were exercising their First Amendment rights.
	www.angelfire.com /il/wvrights/pastcurfew.html (897 words)

	Police strip-search curfew violators
		Since they obviously feel that strip-searches are inappropriate for curfew offenders, they may eventually realize that curfew laws are inappropriate for teenagers.
		Formerly, the curfew policy required officers to issue $80 tickets to offending teenagers and hold them until their parents could be contacted.
		Curfews are actually not about maturity or safety.
	www.libertarianrock.com /topics/curfew/curfew_strip_srch_sd.html (673 words)

	eKantipur.com - Nepal's No.1 News Portal
		Issuing separate statements, the Chief District Officers of Kathmandu and Lalitpur said a curfew will be in place within the Ring Road areas of the two districts with effect from 8 a.m.
		On Monday the authorities imposed curfew from 11 p.m.
		He, however, said that the government was ready to show its flexibility on imposed restrictions if the political parties expressed their commitment not to enter restricted areas.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=63131 (371 words)

	Huntington Beach Police Department (Site not responding. Last check: )
		One significant portion in the curfew ordinance holds parents accountable for their children's actions.
		It shall be deemed a public nuisance for any minor to remain, walk, run, stand, drive or ride about, in or upon any public place or on the premises of any establishment within the city between the hours of 10:00 p.m.
		Refusal on the part of the parent or guardian to accept a minor for whom the parent or guardian is responsible shall be a MISDEMEANOR.
	www.hbpd.org /faq.htm (3569 words)

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