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	FAAC - Ford Amateur Astronomy Club
		Curie's law (P. Curie) The susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inversely proportional to the thermodynamic temperature of the substance.
		The constant of that proportionality is the Young modulus of elasticity for that substance.
		Planck constant; h The fundamental constant equal to the ratio of the energy of a quantum of energy to its frequency.
	www.boonhill.net /faac/other/laws.html (8656 words)

	Madame Marie Sklodowska- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Madame Curie was a remarkable woman who used her God-given talents, throughout her entire lifetime, to make valuable contributions to the world of science.
		Marie Curie is best known for her pioneering work in the study of Radioactivity, which led to the discovery in 1898 of the elements Radium and Polonium.
		In 1903, Marie Curie obtained her doctorate for a thesis on radioactive substances, and with her husband and Henry Becquerel won the Nobel Prize for physics for the joint discovery of radioactivity.
	www.curiewomen.org /biography.htm (771 words)

	Pierre Curie...SciPeeps.com
		Pierre Curie (May 15, 1859 - April 19, 1906) was a pioneer in the study of crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity.
		Pierre Curie studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral thesis, and discovered the effect of temperature on paramagnetism which is now known as Curie's law.
		The material constant in Curie's law is known as the Curie constant.
	www.scipeeps.com /pierrecurie.html (433 words)

	The laws list: C
		The volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is proportional to the thermodynamic temperature of that gas.
		It is in essence a restatement of the consevation of mass during constant flow.
		A characteristic constant, dependent on the material in question, which indicates the proportionality between its susceptibility and its thermodynamic temperature.
	www.alcyone.com /max/physics/laws/c.html (1543 words)

	Marie Curie - Research Breakthroughs (1897-1904) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With numerous experiments Marie confirmed Becquerel's observations that the electrical effects of uranium rays are constant, regardless of whether the uranium was solid or pulverized, pure or in a compound, wet or dry, or whether exposed to light or heat.
		Likewise, her study of the rays emitted by different uranium compounds validated Becquerel's conclusion that the minerals with a higher proportion of uranium emitted the most intense rays.
		Marie and Pierre Curie themselves were not convinced that radioactive energy came from within atoms--maybe, for example, the earth was bathed in cosmic rays, whose energy certain atoms somehow caught and radiated?
	www.aip.org /history/curie/resbr1.htm (712 words)

	Magneto Thermodynamics, Part 3
		During this decline in temperature, the un-paired electron spin population momentarily dips below the Curie transition temperature (3.1.3), thereby causing a momentary rise in total magnetic flux as ferromagnetic spin coupling forces contribute to overall un-paired electron spin alignment.
		The purpose of this step is to force the temperature of the un-paired electron spin population to fall below the Curie transition temperature (3.1.3, 3.1.5, 3.2.2), and thereby cause the magnetic susceptibility of the core to become infinite (onset of ferromagnetic behavior).
		During this step, the heat inflow to the un-paired electron spin population from the bulk material population is greater than the heat outflow during step 1 (3.2.3).
	www.geocities.com /electrogravitics/mt3.html (1982 words)

	curie
		The unit is usually encountered as the millicurie (a thousandth of a curie) or microcurie (a millionth of a curie); it is still in use but is supposed to be replaced by an SI unit, the becquerel; 1 curie = 3.7 × 10
		Its size is due to the insistance of Marie Curie at the 1910 meeting that she did not want her husband's name on a unit that represented an infinitesimal quantity.
		The curie is typically used in working with radioactive isotopes that are used, for example, as tracers.
	www.sizes.com /units/curie.htm (535 words)

	BioMagnetic Research and Technology \| Full text \| Physically synthesized Ni-Cu nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In this study the desired range of Curie temperatures was obtained by combination of melting and ball milling of nickel-copper alloy.
		The use of materials with Curie temperature in the range of 41–46°C is desired to provide a safeguard against overheating of normal cells, due to the decrease of magnetic coupling in the paramagnetic regime (above Tc).
		From the phase diagram of Cu-Ni alloy, the optimum amount of nickel in the alloy is determined to be 71–71.4% by weight to have a Curie temperature in the desired range of 41–46°C. A Cu-Ni alloy for hyperthermia applications has been produced first by Lilly et al [5].
	www.biomagres.com /content/2/1/4 (2104 words)

	Pierre and Marie Curie
		Pierre and Marie Curie are best known for their pioneering work in the study of radioactivity, which led to their discovery in 1898 of the elements radium and polonium.
		Along with work on crystal symmetry, Pierre Curie studied the magnetic properties of materials and constructed a torsion balance with a tolerance of 0.01 mg.
		In 1903, Marie Curie obtained her doctorate for a thesis on radioactive substances, and with her husband and Henri Becquerel she won the Nobel Prize for physics for the joint discovery of radioactivity.
	chemistry.mtu.edu /~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/Marie_Curie.html (750 words)

	Theories and Laws of physics
		The number of items in a sample of a substance which is equal to the number of atoms or molecules in a sample of an ideal gas which is at standard temperature and pressure.
		The distance corresponding the mean distance of an electron from the nucleus in the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
		A constant which describes the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy for molecules in an ideal gas.
	library.thinkquest.org /26635/theories.html (2624 words)

	Marie Curie - Article on Radium and Radioactivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At the same time the desire to succeed grew stronger; for it became evident that radium must possess most intense radioactivity, and that the isolation of this body was therefore an object of the highest interest.
		Fortunately for us, the curious properties of these radium-bearing compounds had already attracted general attention and we were assisted in our search.
		We must now look to individual initiative to come to the aid of science, as it has so often done in the past, and to facilitate and expedite by generous gifts the success of researches the influence of which may be far-reaching.
	www.aip.org /history/curie/article.htm (3378 words)

	Introduction to Magnetism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The proportionality constant, c, is the susceptibility and reflects how easily affected the substance is by the field.
		where C is the Curie constant and is a property of the substance.
		For a substance obeying Curie's Law, a plot of 1/c versus T is a straight line which passes through the origin.
	www.hull.ac.uk /php/chsajb/magnetism/part_a.html (781 words)

	[No title]
		July 3, 1934, spent many impoverished years as a teacher and governess before she joined her sister Bronia in Paris in order to study mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne, earning degrees in both subjects in 1893 and 1894.
		Since 1882, Pierre had headed the laboratory at the Ecole de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle in Paris, and it was here that both Marie and Pierre continued to work after their marriage.
		She thus became the first female lecturer at the Sorbonne, and in 1908 she was appointed professor.
	www.phy.hr /~dpaar/fizicari/xcurie.html (745 words)

	Magnetism of first-row transition metal complexes
		The Evans balance differs from that of the Gouy in that, in the former the permanent magnets are suspended and the position of the sample is kept constant while in the latter the position of the magnet is constant and the sample is suspended between the magnets.
		λ is the spin-orbit coupling constant which is generally only available for the free ion but this does give important information since the sign of the value varies depending on the orbital occupancy.
		4.77, 4.65, 4.59, 4.40 BM assuming that λ is roughly a constant, then this variation shows the inverse effect of the spectrochemical series on the magnetic moment, since Δ is expected to increase from I- to NCS-.
	wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm /courses/magnetism.html (1817 words)

	Classification of Magnetic Materials
		This behaviour is known as the Curie law and is shown below in Equ.7, where C is a material constant called the Curie constant.
		Materials which obey this law are materials in which the magnetic moments are localised at the atomic or ionic sites and where there is no interaction between neighbouring magnetic moments.
		O, are examples of this type of behaviour as the transition metal ions, which have a magnetic moment, are surrounded by a number of non-magnetic ions / atoms, which prevent interaction between neighbouring magnetic moments.
	www.aacg.bham.ac.uk /magnetic_materials/type.htm (1102 words)

	Electromagnetic heat engines and method for cooling a system having predictable bursts of heat dissipation - Patent ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The association of B with pressure indeed conforms to dynamical considerations, for work is done on the medium by magnetization under constant applied field, dw.varies.-BdM, but no work is done on the medium by increasing the applied field if the magnetization does not change, which happens when the medium is saturated, ie.
		This is known as the Curie law, usually written as ##EQU7## where C.ident.k.sup.-1 is called the Curie constant.
		In the B-M space, the Curie law isotherms form a family of straight lines through the origin, while the adiabatics are a family of parabolas that clearly intersect the isotherms, allowing one to define Carnot cycles.
	freepatentsonline.com /5714829.html (11730 words)

	e anomalous field dependence of paramagnetism
		The Curie constant increases while the constant term decreases with the increase of field for the same Fe doped sample.
		As to the same Fe doped sample, when increasing field the Curie constant c is increased while the constant term a is decreased.
		The Curie behavior comes from the contribution of narrow band, while the Pauli paramagnetic behavior comes from the contribution of broad band and narrow band.
	rescomp.stanford.edu /~guanyuan/publish/fe.html (1978 words)

	Applications of Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials
		On decreasing the temperature through the Curie point, a ferroelectric crystal undergoes a phase transition from a non-ferroelectric phase to a ferroelectric phase.
		This is because of the formation of multiple domains in a single grain, the motion of whose walls increases the dielectric constant at the Curie point.
		Also the relaxor ceramics are mechanically weak and it is difficult to reproduce the same properties from batch to batch, and control of the lead rich atmosphere is needed for proper sintering of the relaxor material [29].
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~ecerg/projects/ferroelectric.html (10045 words)

	[No title]
		Ferromagnetism and the Curie temperature were explained by Weiss in terms of a huge internal field, the Ômolecular fieldÕ proportional to the magnetization.
		At the Curie temperature, the slope of (6.5) is equal to the slope at the origin of the Brillouin function (5.12).
		The Heisenberg exchange constant J can be related to the Weiss constant nW in the molecular field theory.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /~pwalsht/WEBpdf/3015/3015-6.doc (2918 words)

	ESPCR 2004
		Undoubtedly, their papers will be a source of scientific inspiration for many pigment cell researchers.
		Institut Curie is located near the Pantheon on the famous Sainte-Geneviève hill, a crucial historical part of Paris.
		The scientific program will create a unique opportunity for scientists and clinicians involved in pigment cell research to share the results of their latest findings.
	espcr2004.curie.fr (210 words)

	RADIOACTIVITY
		The rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays is not constant.
		Given the initial activity and the decay constant of a nuclide,
		atom of a nuclide will decay is known as the radioactive decay constant, l.
	www.tpub.com /content/doe/h1019v1/css/h1019v1_54.htm (241 words)

	Cleveland Crystals, Inc ELECTRO-OPTIC PROPERTIES of KDP, KD*P, DKDP
		Increases by a factor 1000 have been measured as the temperature is lowered close to the Curie point.
		A lower temperature limit for the optic use of KDP type crystals is set by their Curie points (see table), below which optic properties are affected by domain structure which may also lead to cracking of the crystal.
		Operation just above the Curie point is attractive by the extremely high response to applied voltage, but this is penalized by high temperature coefficients.
	www.clevelandcrystals.com /KDP.htm (2690 words)

	Paramagnetic fluctuations in the pure and Mg doped systems
		Figure 47: The doping concentration (x, y) dependence of (a) the Curie constant (C) and (b) the Weiss temperature (
		In the vacancy doped systems, the Mg concentration (y) dependence of the Curie constant (C) is consistent with the heuristic `singlet-triplet' model, which assumes that two Mg ions effectively create one S=1 spin [
		The Curie constant of the nominally pure specimen corresponds to the native charge concentration of
	musr.physics.ubc.ca /theses/Kojima/node58.html (635 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		a constant times a second variable, the variables are directly related"
		If so,find k, the constant of variation, and the equation of the relation.
		If so, find k, the constant of the variation, and the equation which represents the relation.
	curie.uncg.edu /~j_jones/variation.html (572 words)

	Science Based Understanding of the Effects of Microstructure on the Ferroelectric to Antiferroelectric Phase ...
		The 150 MPa decrease in hydrostatic FE to AFE transformation pressure as grain size decreases from 8.5 mm to 0.7mm correlates with enhanced internal stress as shown in Figure 1a.
		Three properties change with grain size: dielectric constant, Curie point, and FE to AFE phase transformation pressure.
		Calculations of Curie point shifts, using internal stress levels derived from hydrostatic depoling characteristics, agree with measured values.
	www.sandia.gov /materials/sciences/factsheets/SciBas.html (474 words)

	[No title]
		] The electric or magnetic susceptibility at some temperature times the difference of the temperature and the Curie temperature, which is a constant at temperatures above the Curie temperature according to the Curie-Weiss law.
		] A temperature scale based on the susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance, assuming that it obeys Curie's law; used at temperatures below about 1 kelvin.
		] Tidal current relations that remain practically constant for any particular locality.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/C/C62/DictC62.html (1677 words)

	Madame Curie's Hands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Actually, I have no knowledge of the state of her hands, but it seemed reasonable that with limited knowledge of the dangers of radiation and constant handling of radioactives, something bad might happen.
		A young and headstrong lady, was Madame Marie Curie,
		For those who choose the sacrifice of Madame Curie's hands.
	www.ovff.org /pegasus/songs/madame-curies-hands.html (333 words)

	Osmosis
		What is the value of k, the Boltzmann constant, in this animation?
		When the membrane allows red particles to diffuse through it, does the average number of particles in the two halves depend on the probability that a particle passes through the membrane?
		With the membrane open, is the Boltzmann constant the same in the two halves of the container?
	curie.umd.umich.edu /Physlets/osmosis.html (182 words)

	Madame Curie Marie Curie's Conflicts
		In the following essay, she examines the conflicts between Marie Curie’s dream of uninterrupted scientific study and the details and drama of her private life.
		Marie Curie was a student for the entire length of her life, states her daughter Eve in the biography, Madame Curie, a book Eve wrote to honor her mother.
		Tell a friend about Madame Curie at eNotes.
	www.enotes.com /madame-curie/29661 (114 words)

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