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Topic: Curonians

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Egils saga

Baltic peoples

Semigallians

Curonian Lagoon

Selonians

Curonian language

Aesti

Livonians

Duchy of Courland and Semigalia

Fenni

Latgale

Baltic languages

Prussian people

Havamal

Przeworsk culture

	:: Kursiu Nerija National Park :: Humans :: Historical Features of the Curonian Spit :: Cultural heritage ::
		Curonian fishermen sailed four different kinds of boats: dragnet boat, sailing boat, fish-trap boat, and kurenai (korno valte); they had the name given according to the net they were drawing.
		Both fishermen from the Curonian Spit and from other side of lagoon were used to hunt crows until the middle of the 20th century.
		The Curonian language was used until the middle of the 20th century and finally disappeared in early sixties.
	www.nerija.lt /en/zmogus/paveldo.php (2761 words)

	Curonian Spit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Curonian Spit stretches from the Sambian Peninsula on the south to its northern tip next to a narrow strait, across from which is the port city of Klaipėda on the mainland of Lithuania.
		The northern 52 km long stretch of the Curonian Spit peninsula belongs to Lithuania, while the rest is part of the Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia (see the map).
		Since 2000, the Curonian Spit is on the UNESCO's World Heritage List under cultural criteria "V" (an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture [...], or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Curonian_Spit (498 words)

	Curonians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian Kurši) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation.
		The Curonians were known as fierce warriors, and were involved in several wars and alliances with Swedish, Danish and Icelandic Vikings.
		The Curonians were one of the last Latvian peoples to accept Christianity, although pagan customs were continued after the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Curonians (165 words)

	Kursiu Nerija National Park / Cultural heritage /
		Curonian fishermen sailed four different kinds of boats: dragnet boat, sailing boat, fish-trap boat, and kurenai (korno valte); they had the name given according to the net they were drawing.
		Both fishermen from the Curonian Spit and from other side of lagoon were used to hunt crows until the middle of the 20th century.
		The Curonian language was used until the middle of the 20th century and finally disappeared in early sixties.
	www.kompasas.lt /nerija/en/zmogus/paveldo.html (2751 words)

	Curonians
		The Curonians is one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation.
		In ancient and medieval times, the Curonians were named of kursi, and were known as fierce warriors, involved in several wars and alliances with Swedish, Danish and Icelandic Vikings.
		The Curonians was one of the last peoples to accept Christianity, although pagan customs were continued after the 19th century.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/cu/curonians.html (144 words)

	Medieval Lithuania - Chronology 50-1009
		C 840 legendary Viking leader Ragnar Lodbrok organised a raid on the Sembians and the Curonians according to Saxo Grammaticus.
		In 853 the Danes attacked the Curonians (Cori) that "had in former time been in subjection to the Swedes, but had a long while since rebelled and refused to be in subjection".
		Egil was captured by the Curonians, but liberated himself and 3 Danish Vikings, killing the Curonians, who had captured them, and burning down the place of their imprisonment.
	viduramziu.lietuvos.net /en/c100.htm (843 words)

	Olof (I) of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rimbert relates that the Curonians in Latvia had rebelled against the Swedes and refused to pay them tribute.
		The Curonians gathered forces from all five of their towns and butchered half the Danish army, after which they plundered the Danish ships, gaining a great deal of gold, silver and other valuables.
		When the Curonians saw that the Swedes were about to resume their attack they gave up and offered to the Swedes all the gold, silver and weapons that they had taken from the Danes the previous year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Olof_(I)_of_Sweden (492 words)

	Balts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians and Latvians as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Curonians, whose languages were extinct in the Middle Ages.
		Their culture is easily recognizable and most probably they were the ancestors of the tribes of Western Balts (Prussians, Yotvingians and Galindians), as well as Eastern Balts (Lithuanians, Curonians and Latvians), notable during the Middle Ages.
		The Baltic culture that remained in the Dneper area, although bore significant resemblance to its Baltic counterpart, was also similar to culture of other peoples inhabitating the forests of Eastern Europe and became almost completely Slavicised between 7th and 10th centuries.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Balts (677 words)

	Curonians - Definition, explanation
		The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian Kurši) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation.
		The Curonians were known as fierce warriors, and were involved in several wars and alliances with Swedish, Danish and Icelandic Vikings.
		The Curonians were one of the last Latvian peoples to accept Christianity, although pagan customs were continued after the 19th century.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/cu/curonians.php (178 words)

	Articles - Curonian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Traditionally Curonian refers to an extinct language that was spoken by Curonians mainly in Courland peninsula, Western Latvia, and along the nearby Baltic shores.
		In the process of various migrations of the 14th-17th centuries, Curonians settled in the Curonian Spit and in East Prussia.
		Their language was heavily influenced by Lithuanian and German respectively, and by the end of 18th century new Curonian dialects had formed, with the dialect of the Curonian Spit being notably distinct, due to its isolation from the mainland.
	www.motionize.com /articles/Curonian_language (281 words)

	ETHNIC PROCESSES IN BALTIC-INHABITED TERRITORIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE LATVIAN NATION IN THE 6th TO THE 16th CENTURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Scandinavians got a foothold in Curonian territory near Grobiņa and Durbe, establishing a colony that lasted from the 7th to the 9th century AD.13 It was disbanded after military activities by the Curonians.
		When the German crusaders and tradesmen arrived on the scene in the 12th and 13th century, the interests of Germans and Russians collided in the Baltic region, and the effort to impose Christianity on indigenous populations was pursued most actively by the Roman Catholic crusaders who had come from the West.
		The local tribes are mentioned in several Livonian chronicles from the 14th century34 -- the Curonians (curones) are mentioned in the chronicle of Herman of Wartberg, while the Curonians (Curen), Semigallians (Semegallen), Lettigallians (Litten) and Livs (Liven) are mentioned in the Chronicle of New Rhymes.
	vip.latnet.lv /hss/mugur.htm (4038 words)

	Hattrick - FC Curonians - BANGA
		A great pass from the defensive line of BANGA resulted in a counterattack that was smoothly dealt with by Bert-Ãke Nyhkvist in the centre of the opposition's penalty area, but his finish went high.
		Curonians held the ball, with a clear 74 percent of possession.
		Anders Thyer seemed to be floating in the air as he elegantly headed in the 3-1 goal for Curonians after a corner kick that was nicely executed by Diogo LouÃ§Ã£o.
	www.hattrick.org /Common/matchDetails.asp?matchID=87015241 (605 words)

	Hattrick - FC Curonians - AlmightyX
		After 30 minutes, Curonians raised their score by one when Steffen KÃ¶lmel's dangerous low cross was cleverly tucked in at the near post by Spiros Katogas.
		In the 47th minute, Curonians put themselves up 4 - 1 when the visiting defenders lost the ball to Fernando Biltes, who came up from the left and proceeded to coolly round the keeper and knock the ball home.
		In the 59th minute, Curonians put themselves up 5 - 1 when the visiting defenders lost the ball to Gurbe Blauw, who came up from the left and proceeded to coolly round the keeper and knock the ball home.
	www.hattrick.org /Common/matchDetails.asp?matchID=87015249 (594 words)

	excerpt from Janis Endzelins' Comparative Phonology and Morphology of the Baltic Languages
		The Latvians,* Curonians, Lithuanians and Old Prussians are called Balts; Jatvingians are included as one of the tribes of the Prussians.
		Curonian, Latgalian, Zemgalian, and Selonian are designations for the languages of ancient Baltic tribes.
		The Prussian texts: Elbing vocabulary (with 802 words), which was written same time between 1300 and 1400, Simon Grunau's vocabulary (with 100 words) from the beginning of the l6th century, two catechisms published in 1545, one catechism published in 1561 and some personal and place names.
	www.suduva.com /virdainas/excerpt.htm (1427 words)

	Courland: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Courland
		The prevailing religion was Lutheranism, to which 76% of the population belonged; the rest belong to the Orthodox Eastern and the Roman Catholic churches.
		Anciently Courland was inhabited by the Curonians[?], a Baltic tribe, who were subdued and converted to Christianity by the Brethren of the Sword, a German military order, in the first quarter of the 13th century.
		In 1237 it passed under the rule of the Teutonic Knights owing to the amalgamation of this order with that of the Brethren of the Sword.
	www.encyclopedian.com /co/Courland.html (838 words)

	Marija Gimbutas — The Balts — Chapter 7
		That the Curonians were attacking Denmark and that its coasts in winter and in summer had to be guarded against them and other Vikings from the east is attested by the Heimskringla of Snorre Sturleson, set down during the reign of the Norwegian King Harald Hardready (1045—66).
		Commercial activities between the Prussians and Curonians and the Swedes and Danes are indicated by finds at the trading posts: in Truso (Elbing), Wiskiauten in Samland, at the mouth of the River Nemunas, in Grobin near Liepaja, and at the mouth of the River Daugava.
		In the thirteenth century, the Knights attacked the Prussians by land from the west and the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Lettigallians and Estonians from the Bay of Riga.
	www.vaidilute.com /books/gimbutas/gimbutas-07.html (5437 words)

	THE CULTURAL AND ETHNIC SITUATION IN LATVIA DURING THE EARLY AND MIDDLE IRON AGE (1st - 8th Century AD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Many researchers feel that there was a connection with the later Curonians, while others believe that the ethnic identification was that of Scalovians, of residents of the Lamata land, or even of sea-side Žemaicians (Tautavičus1980; Michelbertas 1986:238).
		In the territory which was populated by the ancestors of Curonians, no paleoanthropological materials from the early Iron Age have been discovered, so there is no possibility to provide a physical characterization of the inhabitants from that time.
		Among the cultures which have been identified as the predecessors of the Curonians and the Semigallians, too, there are territories with monuments that cannot specifically be attributed to one or the other group alone.
	vip.latnet.lv /hss/vasks.htm (7382 words)

	The Curonian Spit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This is one of the oldest settlements of the Curonian Spit.
		The Curonian Spit is a peninsula separating the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea.
		The Curonian Spit is most proud of its migrating pine moth, whose caterpillars are the most poisonous of all known caterpillars.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /apsamogitia/LANKYTINOS_VIETOS/nerija.en.htm (5810 words)

	Kaliningrad Oblast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Curonian spit was inhabited by a distinct Baltic tribe known as the Curonians.
		The four counties where Lithuanian was spoken were referred to collectively as the Lithuanian province.
		Northernmost part of the oblast is occupied by the Curonian Spit National Park (one of the World Heritage Sites).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast (1861 words)

	Supplement to the international business magazine "Jura-Mope-Sea". Issue 2004/1. For gourmets.
		The Curonians used to catch and eat crows because of poverty and starvation.
		They left the Curonian territory and chose safer places, where there was no danger to end up in the stomachs of hungry people.
		The idea to open a Curonian restaurant offering authentic historical dishes was born when Eugenija Odebrecht won the competition to organize the traditional mayor's ball during the Sea festival last year.
	www.jura.lt /off/eng/2004_01/article04_e.htm (966 words)

	WHKMLA : The Baltic Countries before the Crusades
		The Prussian, Lithuanian and Latvian languages belong to the Baltic family of languages; Estonian and Livonian to the Finno-Ugric languages; the allocation of the Curish language to either one of the language families is still disputed.
		Yet it seems that they lived, for the most part, in peaceful relations with their neighbours across the Baltic, for Curonians were accustomed to visit the coast of Gotland (to trade), and both Danes and Gotlanders refused to participate in a crusade against Livonia in 1200.
		The Prussians, Lithuanians, Curonians, Livonians, Estonians stuck to their heathen belief, although the Christian neighbour monarchies, especially Sweden and Denmark, used crusades against heathen peoples as an excuse to extend their domain.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/baltic.html (482 words)

	Curonian Lagoon biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Curonian Lagoon (or Bay, Gulf) is sundered from the Baltic Sea by the Curonian Spit and belongs to Lithuania and Russia.
		The lagoon itself is cut off from the Baltic Sea by the Curonian Spit.
		It was part of the ancient ancestral lands of the Curonians and Prussians.
	curonian-lagoon.biography.ms (87 words)

	Baltic
		Standard Latvian, established at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, is based on the Central dialect.
		By the 16th century the Selonians, Semigallians, and Curonians (Kurs), who lived in areas of Latvia and Lithuania, had completely lost their national identities and were assimilated by the Latvians and the Lithuanians.
		Only Curonian, which some consider to be a transitional language between East and West Baltic, might have developed somewhat earlier.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05baltic (3519 words)

	Music festival returns to baroque monastery
		The three talented singers are rapidly becoming almost as famous as their corpulent counterparts and, on that score, they're catching up as well to judge from their appearance.
		One of the main goals of the festival is to showcase new works by Lithuanian composers and one of the most eagerly awaited concerts will be the performance of "Curonians" by Vidmantas Bartulis, who was voted the best composer in Lithuania in 2003.
		The Curonians are an extinct Baltic tribe but the Kaunas State Choir will perform the piece in the Curonian language.
	www.baltictimes.com /news/articles/10152 (367 words)

	The Word Of Faith \| A Bit of History
		The name Balts, derived from the Baltic Sea, has been a neologism from the middle of the nineteenth century.
		It has applied not only to Lithuanians and Latvians, but also to several nationalities now extinct, namely Prussains, Yotvingians, Semigallians, Curonians and Selonians.
		Along with the ancient Prussian language, which has not been spoken since the seventeenth century, Lithuanian and Latvian languages form a distinct Baltic branch of the Indo-European linguistic family.
	www.btz.lt /English/History (3166 words)

	Elerto_straipsnis
		In the 16-17th c., the local Curonians still believed in the magic power of amber as their forefathers had done.
		Raw amber and roughly processed amber pieces were found in the remnants of the Elija's households of the 16-18th c.
		In 1797, Curonian farmers collected 38 pounds of amber, in 1799-64 pounds, in 1800-12.5 pounds, in 1801-79.5 pounds.
	www.pgm.lt /Gintaras/elerto.en.htm (5608 words)

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