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Topic: Current mirror

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	Current source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ideal current source is a conceptual source used in network theory and analysis that delivers or absorbs electrical energy such that the electrical current is independent of the voltage across its terminals.
		Current sources are often used in place of resistors in analog integrated circuits to generate a current without causing attenuation at a point in the signal path to which the current source is attached.
		Variations to the basic current mirror are the Widlar current source and the Wilson current source.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Current_source (1269 words)

	Current mirror - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current flowing through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading.
		It can also be thought of as a constant current source, (or, more accurately, a constant current sink) due to the way it is used in integrated circuits.
		Even better matching can be achieved with more sophisticated current mirrors, such as the Widlar current source, Cascoded current sources and Wilson current source.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Current_mirror (695 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Current mirrors constructed of conventional transistor devices should come close to the ideal case, where the physical geometry of the transistors is the sole factor influencing errors.
		The current mirror circuit of claim 1, wherein the compensation network comprises : a first resistor connected between the input element of the reference device and the control element of the biased device ; and a second resistor connected between the input element of the biased device and the control element of the reference device.
		The current mirror circuit of claim 23, wherein the compensation circuit comprises a compensation transistor having control, input and output elements, the input element of the compensation transistor connected to the input element of the biased transistor, and the control element of the compensation transistor connected to the control element of the reference transistor.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/19290.000406&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4861 words)

	Current mirror: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A current mirror is a circuit designed to regulate regulation quick summary:
		In electricity, current is the rate of flow of charges, usually through a metal wire or some other electrical conductor....
		A current source is a device that delivers or absorbs electrical energy such that the electrical current is independent of the voltage across its terminals....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/current_mirror.htm (931 words)

	HeadWize: DIY Workshop > My run at an I/V stage
		Because the current is mirrored across all 3 transistors, and their collectors are kept at the same potential (by T4, T11, and R10), their Vbe drops will vary identically with the input current, keeping both inputs at ground.
		The result is that the current flowing into the third transistor from the left on the bottom (the one with its title jumbled) is the difference of the two input currents plus a bias current.
		I used a wilson current mirror for the last stage because I anticipated the large voltage fluctuations where the current goes into the pi filter, and figured the wilson mirror is less sensitive to load variations.
	www.headwize.com /ubb/showpage.php?fnum=3&tid=5675 (591 words)

	Current Mirror Amplifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The current mirror active load is a way to accomplish high gain for a single stage differential amplifier.
		The current mirror acts as the collector load and provide a high effective collector load resistance, increasing the gain.
		Current mirrors are used in the 741 op-amp.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/electronic/curmir.html (96 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In such an arrangement, the width of the mirror transistors could be increased by increasing the pitch size, but many factors go into deciding pitch size, with the width of the current mirror transistors only one, and often a lesser one, of these.
		With a multiple output current mirror, some of the transistors 20-29 are of necessity further from a given one than others, so that process variations result in less accurate mirroring as the number of legs increases.
		Similarly, the further a given mirroring transistor is from the mirrored transistor, the more the voltages on their respective control gates will differ due to losses from the intervening transistors in other legs as well as other losses along the way.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/97373.011220&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4121 words)

	diyAudio Forums - The long lost linear gain stage
		I'm interested by your thermionic current mirror with diodes and pentode, as with a suitable choice of pentode and operating point, it should be possible to achieve quite a reasonable voltage swing.
		Using a current source load or high value resistor load to B+ for the V to current stage, the coupling to the mirror stage can be just a resistor from plate to diode input.
		This resistor is sized so that the idle current operating point (actually idle current of the driving tube minus idle current of the current source load) times the resistance gives the V drop down to the mirror stage diode/pentode grid level.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=470187 (2653 words)

	[No title]
		We will create a current mirror using the LM 3046N integrated chip and show how adjusting the resistance values in the collector of the first transistor can control the current traveling in the second.
		Current mirrors are also known as current-controlled current sources.
		A current mirror is used to force various stages of an amplifier to stay in the active linear region of the transistor's Q point.
	kahuna.sdsu.edu /~tyoung/430lab-1.htm (626 words)

	Current Sources, Sinks and Mirrors in Audio
		The current through this second transistor should be at least 10 times as great as the expected base current of the current source.
		The basic current mirror is shown in Figure 10, and it can be seen that whatever current is injected into the left side is mirrored, and the right hand side is a constant current source (sink) reflecting the injected current.
		As a final point, with the LTP configuration and current mirrors, it is often beneficial to match the transistors, so they have gains that are approximately equal, and emitter-base voltages that are as closely matched as possible.
	sound.westhost.com /ism.htm (4186 words)

	Power-Sensing Circuit Breaker Breaks New Ground - Maxim/Dallas
		A basic power sensor includes a current sensor that measures current and produces a proportional voltage, which is multiplied by the load voltage to obtain a voltage output proportional to load power.
		As the current reaches an unsafe (trip) level, the circuit is broken either by melting the material (fuse), increasing the resistance dramatically (resettable fuse), or by heat that causes metal to bend and open a switch (bimetallic strip).
		The current mirror is another way to measure current and consists of two matching transistors of different sizes, connected in a current-mirror configuration (Figure 2).
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm?an_pk=3669 (1622 words)

	distribution: Mirrors Project
		All mirrors are responsible for keeping their files up-to-date and for notifying this project of any changes in their set up (such as a change of hostname, URL or a discontinuation of service).
		It is understood that a mirror site may experience a slight lag in obtaining the code from the primary servers.
		But each mirror site is responsible in the end for hosting at the least the latest build, and in the same directory structure, as the master server GWDG.
	distribution.openoffice.org /mirrors (950 words)

	LM13600/LM13700
		Half the current I, 1 ma., is sucked via Q1 from PNP current mirror Y whose output blows an equal current into NPN current mirror X, which sucks an equal current from the output.
		Half the current I, 1 ma., is sucked via Q2 from PNP current mirror Z, which blows an equal current into the output.
		Thus, current mirror X is sucking 1 ma, and current mirror Z is blowing 1 ma., and the net current into the output is zero.
	www.uni-bonn.de /~uzs159/ota3080.html (1659 words)

	Integrated circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, IC's with nanometer-scale devices are not without their problems, principal among which is leakage current (see subthreshold leakage and MOSFET for a discussion of this), although these problems are not insurmountable and will likely be solved or at least ameliorated by the introduction of high-k dielectrics.
		A memory device is the most regular type of integrated circuit; the highest density devices are thus memories; but even a microprocessor will have memory on the chip.
		Current devices named FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) can now implement tens of thousands of LSI circuits in parallel and operate up to 400 MHz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Integrated_circuit (3152 words)

	[No title]
		This type of circuit is known as a current mirror, and just one of them with minor extensions can often provide the biasing for all of the amplifiers on a chip.
		It is currently impossible to design a circuit or create a device that can maintain a given voltage across itself or current through itself regardless of what is connected to it.
		This implies that the base currents of both transistors must be equal, because the base-emitter voltage controls the value of the base current according to the diode equation EMBED Equation.3 , where IEO and (are the reverse saturation current and emission coefficient, respectively, of the base-emitter pn-junction, and VT is the thermal voltage.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /dkelley/elec351/Lab/ELEC351lab6_sp02.doc (1549 words)

	Reflections on Perfect Reflections
		The current is set by dividing 1.25 by the desired current, which yields the LM317's adjustment resistor's value.
		When using a transistor-based current mirror, I always match the transistors, believing it critical, besides my VOM holds a hfe test, which makes the matching painless.
		Loading a tube with a current mirror effectively creates a cascode amplifier, in that the plate undergoes little current voltage, although the current may vary wildly.
	www.tubecad.com /2005/January/blog0027.htm (1805 words)

	Cascode current mirror
		Suppose you have a cascode current mirror, M1 and M2, where M2 is the cascode device.
		That is, the current is variated siginificantly with the output voltage, some nonlinearity will occur.
		When you are in triode region you are decreasing this output resistance, so you have now a bigger spread on your current due to VDS modulation and subtreshold is not good too (MOS very slow).
	www.edaboard.com /ftopic115630.html (193 words)

	Local Mirror - ArchWiki
		This document describes how to create a mirror on your local machine of all the files on the Arch mirrors of the "current" and "extra" directories, how to make it update periodically and how to set up pacman to use the local files.
		You may also adjust the address of the mirror to one geographically close to you.
		Now the mirror will be synchronized at 00:02 AM everyday.
	wiki.archlinux.org /index.php/Local_Mirror (453 words)

	ee430L_1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Theory: The current mirror is the most basic building block in the design of IC current sources.
		Multiple-drive current mirrors also have this "master/slave" configuration as in the single-drive current mirrors, except in this case, a single master transistor is coupled to multiple slave transistors.
		The construction of a current mirror will thus allow us to build current sources to drive the IC's in the design of a differential amplifier which we will encounter in the remaining laboratory reports.
	kahuna.sdsu.edu /~tung/lab1.html (357 words)

	Cascode Current Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The cascode current mirror is a fundamental circuit in analog designs.
		R1 and Vdc are not part of the current mirror circuit, they are part of the test circuit.
		The scale of the two signals is quite different and the current plot appears as though there is 0 amps through R1.
	eceweb.uccs.edu /kalkur/Primer_casccm.html (217 words)

	[No title]
		The bias is provided mostly by a current mirror connected to the emitters of the two transistors that make up the active part of the circuit.
		The implication of this result is that the voltages across the current mirror’s emitter resistors are approximately equal, regardless of any minor differences in the parameters of the two transistors.
		As in the case of the BJT-based amplifiers studied earlier, the quiescent voltages and currents in the diff amp circuit are those obtained when both small-signal input voltages vin1 and vin2 are equal to zero.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /dkelley/elec351/Lab/ELEC351lab7_sp02.doc (1527 words)

	Current Mirror Current Source and Differential Amp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The current through Q1 is the current source current.
		Verify that the current through R2 is always approximately 1mA, for the 100, 1k, and 5k loads.
		Design a current mirror which acts as a constant source providing 2mA.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~kareem/hamlet/etext/node96.html (114 words)

	171L Lab Experiment 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You are to measure Iref, Rout, the current ratio Ialpha= Iout/Iref and determine the Norton and Thevenin equivalent circuits for this mirror.
		Current measurements require breaking the circuit and inserting some amount of sampling resistance (contained inside the DVM) that depends on what current scale is being used (lower currents require greater resistance).
		Therefore, all currents should be calculated from an appropriate measured voltage using Ohm's law (be sure and log the voltage).
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /classes/cmpe171/Fall99/labs/lab5.html (619 words)

	Mosfet current mirror as Active load instead of resistor
		IF you have an operational apmlifier in feedback you desire that the forward path gain is large so that the net gain is a function of feedback passive element only, so one desires large gain.
		the main reason that current mirrors are used is that we had a single ended amplifier which has high Gm.
		A current mirror, on the other hand supplies current, so you need high output impedance, so all the current can be supplied to the load.
	www.edaboard.com /ftopic112920.html (535 words)

	diyAudio Forums - How to cancel odd order harmonics?
		I would use the current mirrors with gain for intermediate gain stage(s), say the VAS replacement.
		True that it would not be possible to get current gain with a normal current mirror, but in may cases only voltage gain is required.
		It might also be possible to use a current mirror with gain to avoid adding too much distortion from a normal output stage.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?s=&threadid=50037&perpage=10&pagenumber=2 (1571 words)

	4QD-TEC: Current sources and mirrors
		There are many useful circuit elements: current sources and current mirrors are two of them.
		Sources and mirrors are so closely related that it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between them.
		The magnitude of the transistor current depends on the voltage developed across the diode and this is a function of its geometry.
	www.4qdtec.com /csm.html (882 words)

	Self-biasing CMOS PECL receiver with wide common-mode range and multi-level-transmit to binary decoder (US6049229)
		One amplifier has n-channel differential transistors and a p-channel current mirror, while the second amplifier has p-channel differential transistors and an n-channel current mirror.
		a second current-mirror p-channel transistor having a drain and a gate, the gate controlling current flowing to the drain, the gate being connected to the self-bias voltage, the drain of the second current-mirror p-channel transistor connected to the drain of the second n-channel differential transistor;
		a second current-mirror n-channel transistor having a drain and a gate, the gate controlling current flowing to the drain, the gate being connected to the second self-bias voltage, the drain of the second current-mirror n-channel transistor connected to the drain of the second p-channel differential transistor;
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06049229__ (837 words)

	Current mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The technique of matched base-emitter biasing can be used to make a circuit like the current mirror.
		The current i.load is approximately equal to i.R1, because the two transistors are equal and have the same base-emitter-voltage.
		For the transistors the Gummel-Poon model NPN2REV with parameters of the transistor 2n4124 is used.
	virtual.cvut.cz /dyn/examples/examples/electronic/mirror (106 words)

	[No title]
		Results The current mirror was setup as shown in schematic 1.
		The decline in Io is due to the same reason as that of the simple current mirror.
		The output impedance of an ideal current source should be infinite, so the Wilson current source should provide better overall performance than the simple current mirror.
	www.rit.edu /~smk3204/ee2lab2.doc (920 words)

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