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| | 16. Writing: History, and Typology |
 | | Arabic is written in either of two forms: Kufic, a heavy, bold, formal script, was devised at the end of the 7th century; Naskhi, a cursive form, is the parent of modern Arabic writing. |
 | | It has spread to such languages as Persian and Urdu and is generally used by the Islamic world: throughout the Near and Middle East, in parts of Asia and Africa, and in southern Europe. |
 | | The question arises whether the various alphabets of India and Southeast Asia are indigenous developments or offshoots of early Semitic. |
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