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Topic: Curt Herzstark

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	Curt Herstark in Wien
		In Glashütte lernt Herzstark den jungen Uhrmachermeister Johannes Hayard kennen und nimmt ihn mit nach Wien.
		Herzstark: »Jeder Techniker, der auf sich hält, trägt einen Rechenschieber sichtbar mit sich herum, man soll schließlich erkennen, dass er Akademiker ist.« Gerne hätten diese Techniker, Architekten, Außendienstleute eine kleine tragbare Rechenmaschine gehabt.
		Curt Herzstark weiß warum: »Sie versuchen die bestehenden Maschinen einfach zu verkleinern.
	www.curta.de /kr21 (1538 words)

	Curt Herzstark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During World War II, Curt Herzstark's plans for a mechanical pocket calculator (the Curta) literally saved his life.
		In 1938, while he was technical manager of his father's company Rechenmaschinenwerk AUSTRIA Herzstark and Co., Herzstark had already completed the design, but could not manufacture it due to the Nazi German annexation of Austria.
		The preferential treatment this allowed him ensured that he survived his stay at Buchenwald until the camp's liberation in 1945, by which time he had redrawn the complete construction from memory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Curt_Herzstark (291 words)

	Curt Herzstark and his Pocket Calculator CURTA ...
		Curt Herzstark was, next to Konrad Zuse, the only pioneer of mechanical calculators still alive in 1988 [1].
		Curt Herzstark told me things about the treatment in Prague that shocked me. I was very distressed by all the cruelties and the acts of contempt intelligent human being executed at that time.
		Curt Herzstark told me literally: "People tell a lot; I tell you only what I experienced myself", and he went on: "And I was even lucky, I went to Buchenwald" [7].
	www.vcalc.net /cu-bckup.htm (9574 words)

	DIY Calculator :: Cool Mechanical Calculators
		Curt's father, Samuel Herzstark (1867-1937), was the founder of an Austrian company that manufactured Thomas-based Arithmometers augmented with Herzstark’s own patented inventions.
		In 1943, Curt was arrested and sent to the infamous SS-run Pankraz prison in Prague.
		In 1946, the Prince of Liechtenstein invited Curt to establish a factory to manufacture Curtas in the Principality of Liechtenstein.
	www.diycalculator.com /sp-mechcool.shtml (1165 words)

	Curt Herzstark in Liechtenstein
		Herzstark glaubt immer noch, dass alles auf den bisherigen Absprachen beruht.Einige Tage später kommen die Herren mit neuen Vorschlägen wieder: »Wir gründen eine Aktiengesellschaft, für ihre Erfindung erhalten sie Anteile von 35 Prozent!« Herzstark ist erstaunt über diese noble Geste.
		Ein Exemplar dieser Zeitschrift erhält Curt Herzstark durch seinen ehemaligen Mitarbeiter, Ing.
		Herzstark ist gern gesehener Gast und Gesprächspartner auf Treffen von Sammlern mechanischer Rechenmaschinen.
	www.curta.de /kr23 (1318 words)

	CURTA 2000
		Curt Herzstark envisioned a world free of unnecessary thinking when his Liechtenstein jewels first appeared in 1947.
		Alas, Curt is not alive to carry out this significant product improvement, so I have taken up the challenge and developed a modification for your type I and II Curta calculators.
		Curt eliminated unnecessary thinking - now the drudgery of manual cranking is going to be a thing of the past.
	www.curta.org /articles/Curta2000 (1087 words)

	VECTORS For February 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Herzstark's mother had been Jewish and that didn't put him in good graces with the occupying power.
		When they learned Herzstark was working on a pocket-sized calculator, they suggested that he might find circumstances more favorable for him if he managed to get the thing to work.
		Herzstark went to Weimar in Germany and found a shop where machinists managed to cut the parts for three prototypes of his hand calculator.
	www.vectorsite.net /v2006m02.html (8212 words)

	The Amazing Curta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Herzstark was given a drawing board and worked on the design day and night.
		Herzstark survived as did his revolutionary concept for a miniature calculator.
		Upon his death in 1988 they were sold to a private collector.
	www.webcom.com /calc/Curta_text.html (493 words)

	Curta Calculator
		The Curta was the brainchild of Curt Herzstark of Austria.
		After V-day (thankfully, not the same V the Germans had envisioned) Herzstark eventually engaged a company in Liechtenstein and produced some 140,000 of his machines until electronics took over in the seventies.
		Herzstark’s breakthrough was in using a single stepped drum for all the digits, with the digits’ readout gearing surrounding this drum in a circle, instead of the usual linear design that required a row of drums, one for each digit.
	www.nzeldes.com /HOC/Curta.htm (494 words)

	Curt Herzstark - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Curt Herzstark nació el 26 de julio de 1902 en Viena, y murió el 27 de octubre de 1988 en Nendeln, Liechtenstein.
		En 1938, mientras era director técnico de la compañía Rechenmaschinenwerk AUSTRIA Herzstark y Co., perteneciente a su padre, Herzstark ya había terminado el diseño, pero no podía fabricarlo debido a la anexión de Austria de la Alemania nazi.
		En 1943, quizás influenciado por el hecho de que su padre era un judío liberal, los nazis lo arrestaron por "ayudar a los judíos y elementos subversivos" y "contactos indecentes con mujeres de raza aria" y lo enviaron al campo de concentración de Buchenwald.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Curt_Herzstark (320 words)

	Dov Gordon: Intelligence for the Committed CEO. Are You Creating of Solving Problems?
		The January 2004 issue of Scientific American profiled Curt Herzstark who created the Curta, the first mechanical pocket calculator.
		Curt explains that while all the other manufacturers asked "How can we take this big adding machine and make it smaller, lighter and more easily portable?" he asked a better question.
		Curt was focused on creating something that, while it would solve the size problem, that wasn't his motive.
	www.gordongroupec.com /Articles/creating.html (816 words)

	George Wiman personal website
		The January '04 Scientific American reports the astounding story of Curt Herzstark, inventor of the mechanical Curta calculator.
		Herzstark actually drew the plans, including specifications and dimensions, to make himself too interesting for his Nazi guards to kill.
		When the allies bombed the camp, Herzstark escaped into the forest, taking his plans with him.
	www.wiman.us /amazing.html (367 words)

	The Amazing Curta
		Herzstark was a prisoner at Buchenwald but the camp leaders were aware of his work and encouraged it.
		Herzstark was given a drawing board and worked on the design day and night.
		Herzstark survived as did his revolutionary concept for a miniature calculator.
	www.vintagecalculators.com /html/the_amazing_curta.html (624 words)

	1947 Curta Mechanical Pocket Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The Curta, which looks similar to a small metal pepper-mill, performs mathematical calculations mechanically using no electric or electronic parts.
		Curt Herzstark of Austria secretly developed the Curta while imprisoned in a German concentration camp.
		This may be true as Herzstark was imprisoned at Buchenwald until the camp was liberated in April, 1945 by Americans.
	www.media.mit.edu /wearables/mithril/history/point2.3.html (67 words)

	curta calculator
		Over the years rumors were heard that Mr.
		Herzstark secretly developed the Curta while imprisoned in a German concentration camp.
		Herzstark was a prisoner at Buchenwald but the camp leaders were aware of his work and encouraged it.
	www.thocp.net /hardware/curta.html (351 words)

	How Calculating Machines Worked
		Some early designers created calculating machines that used a single stepped drum surrounded by digit entry devices in a cylinder.
		Curt Herzstark took this compact design and improved it while shrinking it further to fit in a pocket.
		In so doing, he created one of the most pleasing calculating machines ever.
	www.hpmuseum.org /mechwork.htm (2467 words)

	Computer Museum of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The Curta mechanical calculator was designed by Curt Herzstark during World War II while a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp.
		It was originally earmarked as a gift to Hitler to celebrate the winning of the war.
		Herzstark took his invention to the small country of Lichtenstein, where it was manufactured and sold as the Curta Calculator.
	www.computer-museum.org /main/collections/curtacalc.shtml (115 words)

	Curta Type II Handheld Mechanical Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Curta calculators were produced between 1947 and sometime in the very early '70's.
		The machine was designed by Curt Herzstark during World War II, and once the war ended, Contina Ltd., in Mauren, Liechenstein began producing the machines.
		Curtas were sold at camera shops and business machine stores through the early '70's, or could be purchased direct through a US discributor.
	www.oldcalculatormuseum.com /curta2.html (348 words)

	The CURTA Calculator Page
		Herzstark, an Austrian inventor and manufacturer of calculators, describes the development of the Austrian Calculating Machine Manufacturing Company (Rechenmaschinefabrik der Austria Erstanden Compagnie) and his subsequent work in the industry.
		Herzstark describes the disruption of the industry during World War I, his involvement with the company after the war, competition with American companies, and his first invention, a mechanical memory for holding subtotals, which appeared in 1928.
		Herzstark, a Jew, was able to avoid arrest until 1943, when he was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp and worked as a technician.
	www.vcalc.net /cu.htm (3723 words)

	Curta I
		It was devised by Curt Herzstark while he was in Buchenwald concentration camp.
		He was given a drawing board and was encouraged so that it could be given to the Fuehrer.
		For more information on Curt Herzstark and the story of the Curta see Bruce Flamm's article "The Amazing Curta" in the "Collecting Calculators" section of this site.
	www.vintagecalculators.com /html/curta_i.html (204 words)

	Phrixus » Curta
		It was developed by Curt Herzstark in the 1940’s.
		It is made up from 605 finely machined parts and is capable of some advanced mathematics.
		If you want to have a go at using a Curta calculator, you can try it out using this well made simulator.
	www.phrixus.co.uk /posts/category/technology/curta (110 words)

	Curta Calculators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Designed by Curt Herzstark of Austria, they were manufactured from 1948 through 1970 and continued to be sold until about 1972 when the new electronic pocket calculators came on the market and the Curta could no longer compete.
		Two models were made, the smaller Model I (pictured above left) provided 11 digit results while the larger Model II (above right) featured 15 digit results.
		Curt Herzstark's US Patent for the Curta - HTML'ized by Andries de Man
	home.teleport.com /~gregsa/curta (236 words)

	Variation
		Curt Herzstark was a prisoner in a German Concentration Camp during WWII when he finished plans for a remarkable handheld mechanical calculator - the Curta.
		Students of the holocaust will want to read my report of Herzstark.
		It is a fascinating and bittersweet account of a complicated man and his dream to build powerful calculating tools.
	home.columbus.rr.com /mathparty/history.html (405 words)

	Unacosa: CURTA: Mechanical pocket calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Core77.com's story about Soviet calculators brought to my mind a guy called Curt Herzstark.
		Some time ago I read a story about this late Austrian inventor/engineer (son of Jewish father and Aryan mother), who designed the first mechanical pocket calculator, CURTA.
		For instance I recall some risky hiding operations where an early prototype of CURTA was built into a wall of stones when Hertzstark was arrested.
	www.unacosa.org /archives/000213.html (122 words)

	Calculator \| World of Computer Science
		Shortly after the Second World War Curt Herzstark (1902-1988) created and designed a small handheld, motor-driven device based on the "stepped drum" mechanism, but with a brilliant miniaturization adaptation that was remarkably simple.
		Besides being much smaller, Herzstark's computing machine was much faster and quieter than the older and larger hand-driven devices, and far less noisy and only slightly slower than the earlier motor-driven models.
		Thus, by the late 1960s, hundreds of different types of calculating and adding machines had been invented that utilized many different technologies.
	www.bookrags.com /research/calculator-wcs (948 words)

	The Old Computer Hut - Calculators (2)
		The Curta revised the use of the Leibnitz stepped gear principle.
		System Curt Herzstark Made in Liechtenstein By Contina Ltd Mauren No 503775
		An electro mechanical printing calculator which will add and subtract.
	www.oldcomputers.arcula.co.uk /calc2.htm (244 words)

	Curta Calculators
		Curta - The Universal Pocket Size Calculating Machine System C. Herzstark.
		Instructions For The Use Of The Curta - Size 1: 8 X 6 X 11.
		Die CURTA und ihr Erfinder Curt Herzstart (The Curta and It’s Inventor)
	users.lewiston.com /ejorgens/office/curta/curta.html (162 words)

	Programmable Calculators: CURTA Type II
		A mechanical marvel in a compact package, the CURTA is a remarkably versatile handheld calculating tool.
		The CURTA, invented by Curt Herzstark (who worked out the basics of the design while he was a concentration camp inmate!) is a mechanical calculator utilizing the so-called stepped drum mechanism.
		A stepped drum mechanism uses a gear with a variable number of cogs along its length.
	www.rskey.org /curtaii.htm (474 words)

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