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Topic: Curvilinear perspective

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	Vanishing point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines seem to converge.
		curvilinear perspective is drawing with 5 vanishing points mapped into a circle with 4 VPs at the cardinal headings N,W,S,E and one at the circle origin.
		reverse perspective is drawing with vanishing points that are placed outside the painting with the illusion that they are "in front of" the painting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vanishing_point (212 words)

	Perspective projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perspective projection is a type of drawing, or rendering, that graphically approximates on a planar (two-dimensional) surface (e.g.
		A perspective projection drawing must be made according to an established geometric protocol.
		All perspectives on a planar surface have some degree of distortion, similar to the distortion created when portraying the earth's surface on a planar map.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perspective_projection (239 words)

	What Is Perspective?
		Linear perspective is a mathematical system for projecting the three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional surface, such as paper or canvas.
		Linear perspective soon emerged as the tool for artists to capture the world around them in a remarkably illusionistic manner (this was the same time that cartographers were mapping the surface of the earth using a similar system of mathematical projection).
		Curvilinear perspective is an alternate to linear perspective.
	www.artic.edu /aic/students/sciarttech/2d1.html (1292 words)

	Distortion
		Perspective is not affected by the lens focal length: it depends on the viewpoint only.
		The designation 'perspective distortion' is frequently encountered to describe converging verticals and other manifestations of the perspective, but this is questionable as it unjustly suggests a misrepresentation of the reality.
		A perspective control lens, which is a device that can can be used to 'correct' converging verticals, creates an illusion of a different perspective, but if anything it's the perspective control lens that presents an unnatural perspective, not the normal picture taking lens.
	www.vanwalree.com /optics/distortion.html (1625 words)

	[No title]
		Perspective theory had not died out all together, as I had supposed, but was be ing kept alive, albeit just barely, by members of the Franciscan order, like the eminent scholar of the 1200s, Roger Bacon.
		The barrier against the use of perspective theory in depicting subjects was not so much a question of the Church\rquote s ideology concerning art, but rather about the way in which Church scholars interpreted the way in which the entire universe was put together.
		The ideas concerning perspective were not lost all together, due partially to the scholarship of the A rabs, and in greater part to the scholarship of monks in the very Catholic Church which did not officially see a use for such ideas.
	www.mathcs.duq.edu /~tobin/cv/essay.body.01.rtf (3029 words)

	handprint : advanced perspective techniques
		Curvilinear perspective crowds the side views toward the center of the image yet implicitly strengthens the sense of personal presence through the rapidly increasing divergence in the approaching orthogonals (lines in the floor).
		In this context, curvilinear perspective seems in some ways to be a conservative reaction, an attempt to bridge the inescapable divide between seeing and knowing by altering the assumptions of three dimensional knowing and complicating the perspective rules of two dimensional seeing.
		Curvilinear perspective in effect averages or summarizes the many possible views from a single viewpoint much as quantum electromechanics averages all the possible paths of a subatomic particle in order to compute its most probable path.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/perspect5.html (6727 words)

	handprint : elements of perspective
		By the 18th century perspective was ensconced as a core study in art academies, which turned perspective techniques into a tedious orthodoxy that drove the methods to extinction.
		Perspective originates in the common appearance of the real world, where texture is as important as perspective in our experience of distance.
		Complex objects in perspective, starting with the circle and extending to chalices, spiral staircases, geometric solids and the human figure can be projected into perspective space by point to point mapping of the surface landmarks into a rectangular or grid framework.
	handprint.com /HP/WCL/tech10.html (2404 words)

	scottmcdaniel.net - DRAWING COMICS
		For the immediate focus of our eyes, the drawing is in correct perspective, just as it would look if you were on the real scene.
		See how the perspective is slight, just as you would expect if you were looking at the flat wall just a little bit to one side.
		Curvilinear (5-point) perspective is very powerful, as it more closely represents our vision in reality.
	www.scottmcdaniel.net /drawing/perspective/5_point.html (474 words)

	Max the Mutt Animation School - Classical Animation Basics, Course Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Perspective drawing is concerned with achieving a sense of space, depth, and the third dimension within the limits of the flat drawing surface.
		The construction of a spiral staircase and the use of perspective grids for layout are part of this course.
		Students will also apply their knowledge of perspective to drawing imaginary objects from various points of view, and will work with the mannequins to apply their perspective knowledge to drawing figures in a room.
	www.maxthemutt.com /cab_courses.htm (3918 words)

	Vol. 3 Ch. 3
		The perspective of texture, as distinguished from the perspective of rectilinear outlines, seems to be a fundamental basis for the impression of a three dimensional environment, or what has been called space.
		There is also the perspective of the textures of inclined surfaces, the gradients of texture-density, the steps of density at the edges of objects, the ratios of densities in different directions and still other variables of higher order.
		Malecki (1961) claimed that linear perspective, with its emphasis of a single viewpoint was a particular manifestation of the Renaissance in western culture, that eastern cultures had developed parallel perspective, that the middle ages had its own variants and that twentieth century art was a rejection of the constructed position of a single viewpoint.
	www.mmi.unimaas.nl /people/Veltman/books/vol3/ch3.htm (11937 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To give some theoretical perspective to this pattern, it can be argued that youth culture follows what might be referred to as a linear progression.
		A contrasting theoretical perspective, introduced only to provide a conceptual framework by which to discuss specific forms of youth culture, is a curvilinear progression, which considers broader societal trends in modern society.
		And it is likely that both perspectives play a part in the way a given youth culture emerges in society at a particular time.
	emp.byui.edu /STOKESS/pages/final.htm (1301 words)

	Paper - Pursuing. . .
		"Classical" or rectilinear perspective is the representational method devised during the same Renaissance period to allow the depiction of reality on a flat plane, the plane of a painting, or the plane of film stock and a projection screen.
		Curvilinear perspective, if used to produce a representation on a flat plane, exhibits distortions characteristic of the fisheye lens.
		Curvilinear perspective treats reality as a curved space to be reproduced onto a curved plane, without distortion ("Notes on the Curved Image", 1973).
	cas.umkc.edu /comm/faculty/gutenko/papers/pursui.htm (7005 words)

	Pop's Art Board - Powered by XMB 1.9.1 Nexus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I mean, I understand that perspective is more dramatic when you're close up to something than far away, but I've never thought of an actual calculation that determines HOW dramatic the perspective is....
		Unless you're talking about the fact that the farther the camera is from the object, the less perspective seems to act on it, which makes it closer and closer to its actual shape made up of 90-degree angles...
		I'm decent in most perspective techniques but 5-point......yeah....I get the first half of it, doing the circle and putting the point in the center and then the others in the corresponding N, S, E, W, on the outside of the circle but after that....ouch.
	www.popmhan.com /bb/viewthread.php?tid=340 (1260 words)

	Mathematics and Art references
		K Andersen, Perspective and the plan and elevation technique, in particular in the work by Piero della Francesca, in Amphora (Basel, 1992), 1-23.
		K Andersen, Stevin's theory of perspective: the origin of a Dutch academic approach to perspective, Tractrix 2 (1990), 25-62.
		W R Knorr, On the principle of linear perspective in Euclid's Optics, Centaurus 34 (3) (1991), 193-210.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/References/Art.html (566 words)

	Perception, Perspective and Representation in North America
		In the United States, the view that perspective was a convention triumphed, partly through the philosopher, Nelson Goodman who, in his Languages of Art (1969), developed the metaphor of learning to read pictures which had emerged in the Russian structuralist school of Florenskij, Shegin and Uspensky.
		Ironically after Europeans claimed that perspective was a phenomenon that began and ended with the Renaissance, North America is reminding us that perspective is still very much alive and that even today many of its potential complexities remain unexplored.
		One of the basic assumptions underlying perspective is the inverse size-distance law which states that if the distance of an object is doubled, its size on the picture plane is one half; if the distance is trebled, its size on the picture plane is one third and so on.
	www.mmi.unimaas.nl /people/Veltman/articles/perspectives/art35.htm (8207 words)

	Pictosphere™ Technology Licenses
		Ford conceived a generalized perspective, which was, based upon his extensive investigation, the first discovery in perspective since linear perspective was discovered during the Renaissance.
		During this time, Ford also reduced the concept of generalized perspective to practice in the form of oil paintings, which Ford rendered in both "hyperbolic" and "elliptic" manifestations of this generalized perspective, to use non-Euclidean parlance.
		His mathematical discoveries resulted in a novel set of transforms that could be used to view any portion of (including the entirety of) a spherical image data set in any selected perspective rendering, including linear and curvilinear renderings, according to the generalized perspective.
	www.pictosphere.com /kwx/patents-more.html (842 words)

	interdisciplines : Art and Cognition Workshops : Film as Dynamic Event Perception
		The discovery of linear perspective introduced a leap in fidelity, while photography provided a speedy automated way to conserve the optic array, which was already approximated by linear perspective.
		Perspective transformation and the apparent foreshortening of objects when different viewpoints are assumed by the camera, on the other hand, can be manipulated.
		Likewise changes of perspective in parts of the scene are consistent with parts of the visual world warping.
	www.interdisciplines.org /artcognition/papers/13/version/original (5105 words)

	Topological panorama camera - Patent 4943821
		In an interesting aspect of the camera 10, a "plane of normal perspective", which is dependent upon the film speed and the camera speed, exists at a given distance.
		5 is shown in the plane of normal perspective, it could be compressed or expanded by varying the relative speeds of the camera and film, or by changing the distance between the camera and subject.
		This stretching can be reproduced by the camera 10 by first taking a photograph of the object in the plane of normal perspective, followed by taking a picture of the object with the film speed relative to the camera speed increased by two and three times.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4943821.html (5748 words)

	To the left is an overview of a 3D environment I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Below is another example of one point perspective and the same scene with curvlinier perspective.
		Also note that the tiles on the floor are becoming distorted and elongated, as they get further from the centre, the ones at the edge appear almost twice as long as they are wide.
		This is the same image with curvilinear perspective.
	www.geocities.com /smackcakez/3d/3dflaw.htm (392 words)

	SUMS v0.1
		Cellini in his Trattati dell'Orifieria referred to a manuscript which among other things contained "a discourse on perspective, the most beautiful which was ever found by anyone in the world".
		White (1957) pursued his earlier claims about Leonardo's use of spherical perspective which he termed synthetic perspective, which Gioseffi (1957) challenged argung that Leonardo's only contribution was in physiology and psychology of vision.
		Chastel (1972) drew attention to Madrid II 15v with respect to curvilinear perspective.
	www.sumscorp.com /develop/pages/person.php?PersonID=1747 (423 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Curvilinear perspective allows much greater field of vision than traditional rectilinear perspective.
		In the image below, we are able to see boxes from all 6 directions, and draw them well beyond the vanishing points, while allowing them to still look like boxes.
		In rectilinear 3-point perspective, the boxes beyond the vanishing points distort severely.
	www.cheeseman-meyer.com /art/tipscurve.htm (69 words)

	The Human Eye in Photographic Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is the kind of perspective rendering we expect from all non-fisheye lenses and see every day of our lives in photos, on television, in the movies, in magazines and books, in paintings -- in far more than 90% of the graphic representations we are regaled with.
		But the actual process of acquiring the graphic information is comparable to curvilinear perspective, because we must look directly at each point in the subject to see its detail.
		But as long as the curving convergence of lines in curvilinear perspective conform to the intended formula, they not only are distortion-free but, like it or not, are arguably imaged more nearly in the way our eyes would image the same subject.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/eye.html (19806 words)

	JINS 348: The Visual World
		Perspective and Space – a variety of strategies and problems concerned with projections and depicting space.
		Lab work creating representations of objects in space using one or two-point perspective and one non-linear system.
		The limitations of one and two-point perspective, practical and conceptual.
	www2.truman.edu /dis/JINSClasses/JINS348.htm (615 words)

	TrekEarth \| AZRIELI Photo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		J'aime beaucoup cette perspective, le jeu des couleurs est magnifique.
		I like very much this perspective, the set of colours is magnificent.
		The curvilinear lines are marvellous, as is the tonal quality.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/Middle_East/Israel/photo9552.htm (374 words)

	ArtLex's Cp-Cz page
		Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper, Berlin-Mitte, Germany, a project in 1921, this is a perspective drawing from the north, charcoal and
		anti-aliased, circle, cone, curvilinear, cylinder, ellipse, French curve, helix, mandala, meander, oblong, organic, oval, ovoid, parabola, radial, sphere, tangent, tondo, and volute.
		Elements of late Gothic and Art Nouveau ornament are examples of curvilinear treatment of form.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/Cp.html (4203 words)

	[No title]
		Non-linear perspective is a technique which allows users to create a composite view constructed from multiple linear perspective views.
		Users can create and manipulate projections with a curvilinear perspective.
		The user manipulates a set of screen-space perspective primitives that control the vanishing points of the scene.
	www.cs.wustl.edu /~nsudarsa/research.html (197 words)

	Leica Photography Forum: 35mm Lux vs. Cron on Curvilinear Distortion
		An aspect of lens performance which I have not been able to fully evaluate is the curvilinear distortion levels of these two lenses.
		I am no professional when it comes to technical stuff such as "curvilinear" distortion, but I can tell you that the distortion control on the Lux Asph is not apparent through general examination of slides (assuming that the angle is perfectly hotizontal) and prints.
		You are confusing apparent perspective "distortion", which occurs when any wide angle lens is tilted (eg., upward, to photograph a tall building) with curvilinear distortion, which is an aberration that needs to be corrected by the lens designer.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=002p6g (577 words)

	The 4 th International Laboratory for the History of Science
		Professor Woodward contended that map projection is a complex notion that depended upon the number of points of view (i.e., centers of projection, ranging from one ton infinite) and the manner in which they imply, or do not imply, the sphericity of the earth.
		On the same track, Angelo Cattaneo attempted to turn Edgerton´s thesis upside down and to contend that artificial perspective shaped the way late fifteenth century cartographers and painters understood Ptolemy´s Geographia in general and his third projection in particular.
		Following Nuti´s paper Philipo Camerota presented an instrument for curvilinear perspective (or panoramic) drawings used for urban views as well as for military purposes.
	galileo.imss.firenze.it /news/intlabor/eprotlab26.html (611 words)

	Amazon.ca: Perspective! for Comic Book Artists: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His talents and knowledge as an artist are demonstrated with the formost understanding of illustrating in perspective with this great technique.
		He demonstrates his technique step by step to make accurate illustrated perspective and gives you what you need to know to break the rules and get away with it.
		The reason for the missing star is because Chelsea uses two forms of curvilinear perspective, but suspiciously absent is the chapter ON curvilinear.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0823005674 (441 words)

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