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Topic: Custody and repatriation

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	Custody and repatriation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Custody and repatriation (shourong qiansong) was an administrative procedure established in 1982 by which the police in the People's Republic of China could detain non-residents if they did not have a hukou and return them to their place of origin.
		These regulations were particularly disliked by members of the floating population in China.
		In 2003, Sun Zhigang died in police custody in Guangzhou after being detained illegally with temporary resident permit under CandR regulations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Custody_and_repatriation (233 words)

	Father Custody -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Custody may not be awarded to a person other than the father or mother, except under unusual circumstances which require a hearing.
		Custody and repatriation was an administrative procedure established in 1982 by which the police in the People's Republic of China could detain non-residents and return them to their place of origin.
		Custodial rape is a form of rape which takes place while the victim is "in custody" and constrained from leaving, and the rapist or rapists are an agent of the power that is keeping the victim in custody.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/53/father-custody.html (1348 words)

	Chinese tabloid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ironically, many of these newspapers are owned by units of the Communist Party of China; however this ownership has the odd effect of giving the newspapers the political cover to take a more critical line against the government.
		Chinese tabloids have been crucial in breaking some of the major stories on social crises facing mainland China including the AIDS epidemic in Henan, the dangers of coal mining, and the corruption inherent in the system of custody and repatriation.
		Responding to public pressure, it abolished custody and repatriation and adopted new regulations on coal mining.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Chinese_tabloid (322 words)

	China: Abolition of "Custody and Repatriation" welcomed, but more needs to be done - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amnesty International today welcomed China’s abolition of "Custody and Repatriation", but called for the effective implementation of the new procedures as well as the abolition of "Re-education through Labour", another form of administrative detention which has led to widespread reports of torture and ill-treatment.
		The current reform appears to have been prompted by the brutal murder of Sun Zhigang, a fashion designer from Hubei, on 20 March 2003 while he was held in a "Custody and Repatriation" centre in Guangzhou.
		The case was exposed by a local newspaper, leading rapidly to a public outcry, including petitions to the National People's Congress from several legal academics, urging the reform or abolition of the "Custody and Repatriation" system.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGASA170282003?open&of=ENG-2S2 (639 words)

	China (includes Hong Kong and Macau)
		Guards in custody and repatriation centers reportedly rely on "cell bosses" to maintain order; these individuals frequently beat other detainees and have been known to steal their possessions.
		Persons may be detained without trial in custody and repatriation centers, in order to "protect urban social order." Until they are repatriated, those detained may be required to pay for the cost of their detention and repatriation by performing forced labor while in detention.
		By one estimate, 1.7 million persons per year may also be detained under custody and repatriation or similar regulations, which allow "undesirable" persons in urban areas to be detained administratively or returned to their registered place of residence (see Section 1.d.).
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eap/684.htm (18772 words)

	People's Republic of China: Establishing the rule of law and respect for human rights: The need for institutional ...
		Amnesty International is concerned that the system of "Custody and Repatriation" is being used extensively to detain arbitrarily, often for prolonged periods and without charge or judicial supervision, people who belong to the most vulnerable groups in society.
		The majority of those taken to "Custody and Repatriation Centres" are reported to be migrant workers, many of whom have moved from rural areas in the inland provinces of China to the major cities on the east coast in search of work.
		Amnesty International urges the government to abolish the system of "Custody and Repatriation" and introduce instead a system whereby the homeless and others who are genuinely in need of assistance can be given such help without being deprived of their liberty.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/asia/document.do?id=5E3F1AD3E223807E80256C56003C4B95 (8085 words)

	Online NewsHour: 1999 U.S. State Dept. Report - Feb. 25, 2000
		There were reports that persons held in custody and repatriation centers (where persons may be detained administratively to "protect urban social order") were beaten while detained, and that some have died as a result (see Sections 1.c and 1.d).
		There were reports that persons held in custody and repatriation centers were beaten while detained, and that some died as a result (see Sections 1.a and 1.d.).
		Conditions in administrative detention facilities (including re-education-through-labor camps and custody and repatriation centers) are reportedly similar to those in prisons.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/asia/china/pntr/1999_state_report.html (14238 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Asia - China
		In addition, it was estimated that before 1996 as many as 1.7 million persons per year were detained in a form of administrative detention known as custody and repatriation; the number of persons subject to this form of detention reportedly has grown since 1996 to approximately 2 million per year.
		In March, a university graduate, Sun Zhigang from Henan Province, was beaten to death in a Guangzhou city custody and repatriation center after being detained by police as a suspected illegal migrant.
		Sun did not have a Guangzhou residency document, and police reportedly locked him in a custody and repatriation facility because his accent revealed he was from a different province.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/china.html (11440 words)

	China
		Tens of thousands of members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement were detained after the movement was banned in July; several leaders of the movement were sentenced to long prison terms in late December and hundreds of others were sentenced administratively to reeducation through labor in the fall.
		It has been estimated that as many as 1.7 million persons per year were detained in a form of administrative detention known as custody and repatriation before 1996; the number of persons subject to this form of detention reportedly has been growing since that time.
		By one estimate, 1.7 million persons per year may also be detained under custody and repatriation or similar regulations, which allow "undesirable" persons in urban areas to be detained administratively and/or returned to their registered place of residence (see Section 1.d.).
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/284.htm (19354 words)

	CHINA
		During the year, deaths in custody due to police use of torture to coerce confessions from criminal suspects continued to be a problem.
		Persons may be detained without trial in custody and repatriation centers, in order to "protect urban social order." Until they are repatriated, those detained may be required to pay for the cost of their detention and repatriation by performing forced labor while in detention.
		By one estimate, more than 1.7 million persons per year are detained under custody and repatriation or similar regulations.
	www.voa.gov /chinese/hr/2001china_hr.htm (13469 words)

	Tiananmen Anniversary: Police Thwart Free Speech and Assembly : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The prosperity brought by three decades of economic reform has dimmed political discontent and most of the few remaining activists from 1989 are under house arrest to muzzle criticism over those killed in one of the biggest demonstrations against the Communist Party since it took power in 1949.
		Police cars criss-crossed the sprawling square and officers were seen shoving two men into the backs of vans and taking aside three photographers for questioning.
		"Custody and repatriation", a system of administrative detention which had allowed for the arbitrary detention and abuse of millions of migrant workers, vagrants, homeless children and others in urban areas, was formally abolished when new rules for dealing with vagrancy came into effect in August.
	sf.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=1695496 (3578 words)

	Human Rights in China
		According to the latest official statistics, the number of detainees in Custody and Repatriation centers for the year 2000 exceeded 3.2 million, virtually doubling the total within five years—for 1996 the figure was 1.7 million—and more than tripling in just over a decade, from one million in 1989.
		A case in point is the new regulations on Custody and Repatriation adopted by Guangdong in March 2002.
		Another point clarified by the new regulations is the respective responsibilities of the civil affairs and the public security departments, with Article 4 stating that custody is mainly under the civil affairs department, and repatriation mainly under the public security departments.
	www.hrichina.org /public/contents/article?revision_id=4150&item_id=4149 (3101 words)

	China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)
		While no official statistics on deaths in custody were available, state-run media reported that law enforcement officials killed 460 persons and seriously injured more than 100 through abuse or dereliction of duty in 2003.
		Many other persons were detained in similar forms of administrative detention, known as "custody and education" (for prostitutes and those soliciting prostitutes) and "custody and training" (for minors who committed crimes).
		Many other persons were detained in similar forms of administrative detention, known as "custody and education" (for prostitutes and their clients) and "custody and training" (for minors who committed crimes).
	state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61605.htm (19601 words)

	Juvenile Repatriation Practices at Border Patrol Sectors on the Southwest Border
		Station staff made no attempt to repatriate the juveniles after Friday evening because the Border Patrol agents assumed the Mexican Consulate in Calexico was not available to interview the juveniles.
		The Chief Patrol Agent stated that the repatriation problem lies with Mexican social services, Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (DIF), which takes physical custody of the juveniles from the Mexican Consulate because the DIF does not have resources to respond Saturday afternoons or Sundays.
		The Sector juvenile repatriation policy is composed of three internal policy memoranda generated by the Chief Patrol Agent and directed to Sector staff.
	www.usdoj.gov /oig/reports/INS/e0110/centro.htm (1948 words)

	The Epoch Times :: Chief Editor Arrested, Manager Sentenced for Honest Reporting
		This report caused quite a stir in society and eventually led to the abolishment of the custody and repatriation system.
		(Editor’s note: The custody and repatriation centers were a part of a nationwide system in China for the detention and control of migrant workers in urban areas.
		Many incidents of physical abuses and extortion had been reported at the custody and repatriation centers before the system was abolished last fall.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-3-27/20617.html (711 words)

	TIME Asia Print Page: Hostages of the State -- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The bulk of the blame for Sun's death ought to fall on a little-known system of administrative detention—that is, detention outside of the criminal justice system—whereby Chinese citizens can be locked up merely for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
		"Custody and repatriation," as the system is euphemistically called, exists to enforce laws that keep impoverished rural dwellers from overcrowding the country's more prosperous cities.
		Officially, custody-and-repatriation (C.-and-R.) centers are responsible for detaining vagrants, beggars and those who lack permits to live in cities, and returning them to their hometowns.
	www.time.com /time/asia/magazine/printout/0,13675,501030623-458835,00.html (1178 words)

	Ministry of Finance
		For the year under review, the total Singapore currency repatriated by the Brunei Currency Board had decreased to $5.0 million, compared to $6.3 million in year 2001.
		The amount of Brunei currency repatriated by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore excluding the amount held in their custody awaiting repatriation was $641.19 million, a decrease of 9.6% compared to year 2001.
		As required under the Sections 17 (1)(b) and (2)(b), Brunei Currency Board is to observe the statutory limits of the level of external assets and liquid assets i.e.
	www.finance.gov.bn /tt/EDITKKW/bcb/bcb_statistic.htm (172 words)

	Issue 23 – Second Class Citizens
		Through a secretive system known as Custody and Repatriation, Chinese authorities jail and mistreat hundreds of thousands of innocent people every year in 700 detention centres nationwide.
		After a week at Changping detention centre outside Beijing, Yan was repatriated to the Hunan capital Changsha, where one final insult awaited.
		His release was conditional on paying 380 yuan (32 pounds), more than many local monthly salaries, for his own detention and repatriation.
	www.gbcc.org.uk /iss23society.htm (982 words)

	VOA News Report
		TEXT: The announcement is a rare Chinese government admission that serious abuses did occur in the so-called "custody and repatriation" centers.
		Two days later he was discovered beaten to death in the center's health clinic, victim of an alleged police sanctioned attack by other detainees.
		Getting caught usually means a trip to one of China's 820 custody and repatriation centers.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/china/2003/china-030623-27e4d5e6.htm (411 words)

	Voice of America
		Conditions in administrative detention facilities (including reeducation﷓through﷓labor camps and custody and repatriation centers) are similar to those in prisons.
		Guards in custody and repatriation centers reportedly rely on "cell bosses" to maintain order; these individuals frequently beat other detainees and sometimes steal their possessions.
		It has been estimated that as many as 1.7 million persons per year were detained in a form of administrative detention known as custody and repatriation before 1996; the number of persons subject to this form of detention reportedly has grown since that time.
	www.voa.gov /chinese/chinahumanrights01/chinahumanrights01_eng.htm (20657 words)

	SAAweb - Repatriation
		To amend the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to provide for appropriate study and repatriation of remains for which a cultural affiliation is not readily ascertainable.
		Study of a cultural item under this subparagraph shall not be permitted to delay return of the item for more than 180 days after the item is made available for study, unless a longer period of study is agreed upon by the culturally affiliated tribe or organization that has requested return of the cultural item.
		Not later than 180 days after a study conducted under this subsection is completed, the Federal agency or museum with custody of the cultural item shall provide a report of the results of the study to any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization that has an established cultural affiliation with the cultural item studied.
	www.saa.org /Repatriation/Lobby/HR2893_IH.html (757 words)

	China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)
		While no official statistics on deaths in custody were available, state-run media reported that 460 people were killed by law enforcement officials and over 100 seriously injured through abuse or dereliction of duty in 2003.
		An additional form of administrative detention for migrants and homeless persons, known as custody and repatriation, was abolished in 2003 and converted into a system of over 900 voluntary humanitarian aid shelters (see Section 1.c.).
		Many other persons were detained in similar forms of administrative detention, known as "custody and education" (for example, for prostitutes and their clients) and "custody and training" (for minors who committed crimes).
	state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41640.htm (18772 words)

	Yang Jianli
		They were held incommunicado and their whereabouts were unknown until December, when Chinese authorities confirmed that the three were in China, where they had been in custody for several months.
		During the year, there were numerous credible reports of abuse and even killings of FLG practitioners by the police and other security personnel, including police involvement in beatings, detention under extremely harsh conditions, and torture (including by electric shock and by having hands and feet shackled and linked with crossed steel chains).
		These persons often were detained or expelled under custody and repatriation regulations or similar administrative regulations (see Section 1.d.).
	www.yangjianli.com /news/us2002report_en.htm (20704 words)

	02/24/01: The problem in China is not so much Communism... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Thousands of Chinese without proper permits, or who simply looked wrong to police, have passed through the Huilongguan custody and repatriation centre in Changping county, residents said.
		Staff at the centre, which is also known as the Thirteenth Section of the Beijing Public Security Bureau, refused to answer any questions about the Olympic cleanup.
		"Custody and repatriation" is technically not a punishment under Chinese law, but an act of "welfare," and therefore requires no trial or even charges to be filed.
	www.mrcranky.com /movies/pollock/13.html (598 words)

	International Campaign for Tibet: Tibet News: Chinese Embassy in Kathmandu Seeks Custody, Forced Repatriation of ...
		The Chinese officials were reportedly preparing documents for the release of the 18 Tibetan refugees into their custody for the purposes of forced repatriation.
		Three minors traveling with the refugee group were released earlier by fine payment, in a departure from a long-standing procedure whereby apprehended Tibetans are temporarily arrested by Nepalese authorities, not fined, and then turned over by the DOI to the UNHCR for processing as "persons of concern" and onward travel to India.
		The Chinese Embassy staff left the DOI jail in the afternoon, after which the Tibetans were handcuffed and taken in a Nepalese police van to Hanuman Dokha Police headquarters and jailed there with common criminals.
	www.savetibet.org /news/newsitem.php?id=431 (523 words)

	STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
		(3) Rule for apprehensions at the border.--The custody of unaccompanied alien children not described in paragraph (2) who are apprehended at the border of the United States or at a United States port of entry shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b).
		(b) Custody of Unaccompanied Alien Children Found in the Interior of the United States.-- (1) Establishment of jurisdiction.-- (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) and subparagraph (B), the custody of all unaccompanied alien children, including responsibility for their detention, where appropriate, shall be under the jurisdiction of the Office.
		(2) Assessment of conditions.-- (A) In general.--In carrying out repatriations of unaccompanied alien children, the Office shall conduct assessments of country conditions to determine the extent to which the country to which a child is being repatriated has a child welfare system capable of ensuring the child's well being.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /rtk/documents/cr/02/my/02/cr02my02-143.html (10880 words)

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