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Topic: Cutthroat trout

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	Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) is a subspecies of cutthroat trout native to Montana.
		The westslope cutthroat trout is found in the Kootenai watershed, the Clark Fork watershed, the headwaters of the Missouri river and the headwaters of the Saskatchewan River.
		Cutthroat trout have declined due to poor grazing practices, historic logging practices, mining, agriculture, residential development and the lingering impact of forest roads.
	www.fisheries.org /AFSmontana/SSCpages/westslope_cutthroat_trout.htm (1343 words)

	Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The life history of the coastal cutthroat trout is arguably the most complex of the Pacific salmonids (Northcote 1997) and is unquestionably the least studied.
		The evaluation of habitat use of coastal cutthroat trout through all life history stages is necessary to gauge any potential impacts of anthropogenic activity in the main-stem and estuary of the Lower Columbia River.
		Emigrating cutthroat trout smolts were captured at traps operated by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW; Mill, Abernathy and Germany Creeks) and Sea Resources (Chinook River) during the spring and implanted with either radio tags (Lotek "nano-tags" NTC-4-2S) or acoustic tags (VEMCO V8SC-6L-R256 coded pingers) and released.
	www.fws.gov /columbiariver/programs/cutthroat.htm (2656 words)

	Cutthroat Trout: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) occur as sea-run or resident (non-sea run) forms in streams and lakes along the coastal range from lower Southeast Alaska to Prince William Sound and are the most common trout species in the region.
		Cutthroat can be positively identified (though with difficulty) by the presence of minute teeth between the gills behind the base of the tongue.
		Cutthroat populations have been protected by their remoteness where watersheds have become accessible by road, populations have been depleted.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/fish/c^trout.php (892 words)

	Cutthroat Trout
		There are two forms of this species, the coastal cutthroat and the westslope or Yellowstone cutthroat.
		The interior form (Yellowstone cutthroat) has a body of yellow-green with red on the sides of the head and front of the body and the belly.
		The coastal and Yellowstone varieties are separated by a central area in which the rainbow trout occurs.
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/angling/game_fish/cutthroat.phtml (341 words)

	Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Historically, Yellowstone cutthroat trout were believed to have occupied much of the Yellowstone River basin, including portions of the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, Bighorn River, and Tongue River basins in Montana and Wyoming, and parts of the Snake River basin in Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada (Figure 1; Behnke 1992).
		A related concern is the widespread stocking of nonindigenous populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout e.g., the distribution of fish from Yellowstone Lake throughout the historical range of the subspecies (Varley and Gresswell 1988).
		Yellowstone cutthroat trout are probably susceptible to infection by Myxobolus cerebralis, a European protozoan and the causative agent of whirling disease (Bergersen and Anderson 1997).
	www.fisheries.org /AFSmontana/SSCpages/yellowstone_cutthroat_trout.htm (2912 words)

	[No title]
		True, the cutthroat trout, especially the feisty sea-run strain, is also associated with the lush, green rain forests of the Pacific Coast.
		One of the unique aspects of the cutthroat is that where the species is isolated as a result of geologic formations, in other words, separated from other cutthroats by mountain ranges or even deserts, the fish takes on distinct physical characteristics that are endemic to a specific region.
		This is especially so in rivers where the trout instinctively make use of their bodies by running sideways in the current, gaining power from the force of the water pushing against their muscular flanks.
	personal.riverusers.com /~flyfishing/cthroat.html (1126 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cutthroat is a type of trout named for an orange mark behind the lower jaw.
		Cutthroat trout are adaptable fish with several subspecies, or stocks, that vary greatly in appearance and live in a variety of habitats.
		All cutthroat are heavily spotted on their backs, dorsal fins, and tails, although dark coloration often observes the spots on those fish that go to sea.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/physio/schools/318/amtrout/cuthroattr.html (453 words)

	Greenback cutthroat trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cutthroats (greenback, Colorado River, Rio Grande, and the extinct yellowfin) are the only trout native to Colorado and were once widespread and abundant.
		The greenback cutthroat trout was originally found in cold-water tributaries of the Arkansas and South Platte Rivers of eastern Colorado.
		By the early 1900's, habitat loss, unregulated fishing pressure, and the stocking of non-native trout greatly reduced the distribution and abundance of the native cutthroat trout.
	waterknowledge.colostate.edu /greenbac.htm (177 words)

	Westslope Cutthroat Trout Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Westslope cutthroat trout is one of two subspecies of native cutthroat found in the state.
		Cutthroat spawn in the spring in running water, burying their eggs in a nest called a redd.
		Cutthroat trout have long been regarded as sensitive to fine sediment (generally defined as 6.3 milimeters or less).
	fwp.state.mt.us /fieldguide/detail_AFCHA02088.aspx (1596 words)

	Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is distinguished from other trout and salmon species by bright red streaks located on the lower jaw, and the dense patterns of spots across the body and completely covering the tail.
		Young cutthroat commonly rear in their natal streams for 2 years (ranging from 1 to 9 years) before migrating to larger streams, rivers or lakes, in the spring.
		Adult cutthroat typically reside in low velocity large pools or side-channels, while the young cutthroat reside in side-channels, riffles, backwater areas, and in upper tributaries of small rivers.
	www.streamnet.org /pub-ed/ff/Lifehistory/rescutthroat_facts.html (465 words)

	PETITION TO LIST THE COLORADO RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nonnative trout compete with, prey on and in the case of rainbow and other subspecies of cutthroat, hybridize with native Colorado River cutthroat trout, all often resulting in the complete extirpation of populations from rivers and streams (Benke 1979, CAS 1999, Trotter 1987, Young et al.
		Stocking of exotic trout, which began in the late 1800s (Bowen 1970), is still widespread throughout the historic range of the Colorado River cutthroat trout in all three states and as recently as 1997 in Colorado was occurring over existing populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout (Epifanio and Nickum 1997).
		Thus, nonnative trout are currently impacting at least a third to half of all remaining populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/papers/CRCTfinal2.html (13504 words)

	Cutthroat Trout in Alberta - Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cutthroat trout are named for the bright red-orange streak in the fold under the mouth.
		Cutthroat trout spawn in the spring, which may be as late as early July in high mountain streams.
		Cutthroat trout are usually caught on artificial flies, small spoons and small spinners.
	www3.gov.ab.ca /srd/fw/fishing/cuthroat.html (137 words)

	TU Projects: Lahontan Cutthroat Trout
		Lahontan Cutthroat trout from Pyramid Lake, Walker Lake, Summit Lake and Lake Tahoe were a major food source for Northern Paiute, Shoshone and Washoe Native Americans.
		Lahontan cutthroat trout supplied many of the kitchens feeding Comstock mining boom in Virginia City, as well as mining camps as far east as Austin and Tuscarora.
		Restoring habitat in stream systems where populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout have the opportunity to intermix and interbreed is a recovery priority.
	www.tucalifornia.org /lahontancutthroat-proj.htm (971 words)

	Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus)
		The Colorado River cutthroat trout currently occupy approximately five percent of its historic range, primarily in isolated, small headwater streams.
		The same report estimates that about 62% of the remaining conservation populations of these trout are associated with roadless areas, clearly indicating that the full protection of roadless areas is vital to the persistence of these spectacular, and highly endangered, native trout.
		Threats to continued persistence: The severe contraction in the Colorado River cutthroat trout's range was primarily caused by the stocking and spread of non-native trout, and habitat loss due to livestock grazing, water diversion, logging, roads, mining and other factors, which degrade stream conditions required by these trout.
	www.westerntrout.org /trout/profiles/colorado.html (347 words)

	Westslope cutthroat trout - Species at Risk - Lewis and Clark - Sierra Club
		These trout are from sixteen to twenty-three inches in length, precisely resemble our mountain or speckled trout in the form and the position of their fins, but the specks on these are of a deep fl instead of the red or gould colour of those common to the U' States." -Meriwether Lewis
		Westslope cutthroat trout, which honors both explorers in its scientific name, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, is found in only a fraction of its historic range.
		Westslope cutthroat, small trout with a rosy underside and dark speckled tail, live mainly in Montana, Idaho, and Canada, with small numbers in Washington, Wyoming, and Oregon.
	www.sierraclub.org /lewisandclark/species/trout.asp (305 words)

	Greenback cutthroat trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Greenback cutthroat trout are coldwater fish belonging to the trout, salmon and whitefish family.
		Their numbers began to decline due to over-fishing, stocking of rainbow, brook, brown and Yellowstone cutthroat trout in their habitat, and loss of high-quality trout stream habitat due to logging, livestock over-grazing, water diversions and municipal and industrial pollution.
		Presently, greenback trout occur in 58 lakes and streams and 23 of these meet the population criteria required by recovery goals.
	wildlife.state.co.us /species_profiles/greenback.asp (435 words)

	Cutthroat Trout (nativeecosystems.org) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		All of these native cutthroat trout require clear and cold water, naturally-fluctuating stream flows, low levels of sediment, well-distributed pools, stable streambanks, and abundant stream cover.
		A recent report by the Western Native Trout Campaign found that most of the surviving, healthy populations of native cutthroat trout are found in designated wilderness and other roadless areas, underscoring the central role that roads play in devastating native trout populations.
		The Colorado River cutthroat is down to about 5% of its historic habitat, the Rio Grande cutthroat has been reduced to roughly 1%, and no more than 17 populations of pure Greenback are thought to survive.
	www.nativeecosystems.org /trout (423 words)

	Cutthroat Trout Identification
		Cutthroat trout, like rainbow trout, also have an anadromous (or ocean migrating) form.
		Cutthroat trout are a favorite catch of fishers in King County.
		Also, cutthroat are often present in the same streams that Pacific Salmon use for spawning.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /wlr/waterres/salmon/trout.htm (232 words)

	PETITION TO LIST THE COLORADO RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This predation is a factor in the common displacement of Colorado River cutthroat trout by non-native trout.
		The introduction and subsequent spread of non-native trout presents one of the single greatest threat to the continued existence of the Colorado River cutthroat trout.
		Brook and brown trout both out-compete and prey on native cutthroat, usually leading to complete displacement; and rainbow trout readily hybridize with the native leading to effective extinction of native stocks.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/papers/CRCTintro.html (1258 words)

	TU California: Lahontan Cutthroat Trout
		Body spots are the diagnostic character that distinguishes the Lahontan cutthroat subspecies from the Paiute cutthroat.
		Like other cutthroat trout, they have basibranchial teeth (on the base of the tongue), red slashes under the jaw (hence the name "cutthroat"), and smaller scales than rainbow trout.
		DISTRIBUTION: Lahontan cutthroat trout are native to the Lahontan basin of central Nevada and mid-eastern California.
	www.tucalifornia.org /lahontancutthroat.htm (521 words)

	Utah Fishing Reports - Utah Fish Finder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Brook trout are especially vulnerable to angling through the ice at a number of lakes where they concentrate at spring areas during the winter.
		Trout and salmon limit: 12, no more than 4 may be rainbow, cutthroat or brown trout in the aggregate.
		Trout success continues to be good to very good when casting or trolling tube jigs (white was the best color), using wooly buggers, trolling minnow-imitating lures (pointer minnows have worked well) and by using baits from shore.
	www.utahfishfinder.com /fishing.shtml (7255 words)

	Earthjustice: Urgent Cases: Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Listing
		The groups allege that Fish and Wildlife failed to consider whether the cutthroat is endangered in a significant portion of its range and ignored information indicating populations of Rio Grande cutthroat trout continue to be threatened by multiple factors.
		Although Fish and Wildlife concedes the Rio Grande cutthroat trout has been eliminated from 99 percent of its range, they never considered whether the species is endangered in a significant portion of its range.
		Rio Grande cutthroat trout populations are beset by a multitude of threats, including: non-native trout, disease, population restriction, and habitat degradation related to livestock grazing, logging, roads and other factors.
	www.earthjustice.org /urgent/display.html?ID=138 (366 words)

	Paiute Cutthroat Trout, Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Paiute cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) is a member of the Salmonidae (trout and salmon) family.
		It is distinguishable from other cutthroat trouts by the absence, or near absence, of body spots.
		The major threats to the survival of this fish are (1) hybridization and competition with introduced trout species, (2) silt and sediment in streams, (3) destruction of stream-side vegetation and (4) over-fishing.
	www.fws.gov /sacramento/es/animal_spp_acct/paiute.htm (480 words)

	Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Coastal Cutthroat Trout fingerlings were originally obtained from the hatchery at Humboldt State University (HSU) and placed into one of the Summer Ponds after the removal of the coho salmon rearing period.
		The survival rate of the cutthroat trout averages 70 percent when they are removed from the summer ponds.
		Of the total population of cutthroat trout 84 percent are placed into the South Pond for imprinting and migration where the fish are marked by the removal of the right maxillary.
	sorrel.humboldt.edu /~ere_dept/marsh/throat.html (156 words)

	Cutthroat Trout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Like many trout and salmon species that have had their spawning grounds dammed, the Lahontan Cutthroat was listed under the Endangered Species Act, but not before it became extinct in the lake.
		Between 1873-1922 up to 200,000 pounds of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout were harvested annually from Pyramid Lake and the Truckee River, more than a quarter of the amount of salmon commercially harvested in Alaska in 1998.
		The Cutthroat are of cultural significance to the tribe.
	www.greatbasinweb.com /lct.html (1740 words)

	Reintroducing Bonneville Cutthroat Trout at Great Basin National Park
		Unfortunately Bonneville cutthroat trout were extirpated from their ancestral waters within Great Basin National Park largely as a result of two factors: stocking of nonnative fish and habitat degradation frm human activities.
		Great Basin National Park, in cooperation with Trout Unlimited, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Division of Wildlife, the Ely District Bureau of Land Management, and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, is working to restore the Bonneville cutthroat trout to approximately eighteen stream miles within the South Snake Range.
		Bonneville cutthroat in their native waters can reach relatively large sizes in small creeks compared to brook, rainbow and brown trout.
	www.nps.gov /grba/bct.htm (488 words)

	Cutthroat Trout
		Cutthroat trout are rarely found in Arizona's streams, but widely occur in the White Mountain lakes which are stocked by the Department.
		They prefer the same habitat as rainbow trout and are found in similar areas.
		They may be caught on a variety of flies and artificial lures but a live nightcrawler is hard to beat.
	www.usawatercraft.com /fish/cutthroat_trout.htm (115 words)

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