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Topic: Cutting fluid

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	Cutting fluid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cutting fluid or coolant is liquid used to cool and lubricate the cutting edges of machine tools and the pieces they are shaping.
		Cutting fluid may also take the form of a paste when used for some applications, in particular hand operations such as drilling and tapping.
		Dielectric fluid is the cutting fluid used in Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cutting_fluid (390 words)

	Cutting Fluid Primer Page
		Since cutting fluids are complex in composition, they may be more toxic than their components and may be an irritant or allergenic even if the raw materials are safe [Bienkowski, 1993].
		The health effects of exposure to the fluids have been studied for over 50 years, beginning with the concern that cutting fluid oil is a potential etiologic factor for occupational skin cancer [Epidemiological studies indicate that long-term exposure to metalworking fluids can lead to increased incidence of several types of cancer.
		Cutting fluids are important causes of occupational contact dermatitis, which may involve either irritant or allergic mechanisms [Byers, 1994].
	www.mfg.mtu.edu /cyberman/metal_fluids/health.html (1259 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As this reduction in cutting force causes a proportionate reduction in the resistance to the rotation of the blade 5, the load on the motor 12 is reduced, thus reducing the hydraulic pressure in the actuator which then allows more cutting force to be applied.
		One advantage of the apparatus of the third embodiment is that the operator is not required to maintain the lower end of the dipper arm at a constant height relative to the surface to be cut whilst simultaneously drawing the apparatus towards the excavator due to the telescopic portion of the apparatus.
		so as to move the cutting device relative to material to be cut and a hydraulic circuit, the circuit being arranged such that, in use, the rotational resistance load induced on cutting device due to a cutting force applied to the device is regulated due to counteraction of the cutting force by the actuator.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/98045.011227&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3943 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For example, the cutting can be conduced gradually along the cutting path around the perimeter of the fuze by making multiple passes along the cutting path until the fluid jet cuts through the casing and the fuze is isolated and washed free of the casing by the cutting fluid.
		Although not preferred, the pressure of the fluid jet can also be substantially increased so that the base of the projectile is pierced and the high pressure fluid jet is directed along the cutting path only once while cutting entirely though the base of the casing during its travel around the perimeter of the fuze.
		The process of claim 2 wherein the abrasive plus spent cutting fluid during fuze removal is passed to a separation stage wherein the abrasive is separated from the fluid and recycled to said cutting fluid.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/88463.011122&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3547 words)

	Tool bit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cutting edge is ground to suit a particular machining operation and may be resharpened or reshaped as needed.
		Because these materials are expensive and hard to work with typically the body of the cutting tool is made of steel, and a small cutting edge made of the harder material is attached.
		The cutting edge is usually either screwed on (in this case it is called an insert), or brazed on to a steel shank (this is usually only done for carbide).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tool_bit (483 words)

	Metlfax - May 99 - How to select a cutting fluid
		To choose a cutting fluid, consider: what you are cutting; the chemistry of your water; what you are using now; and your options.
		If shops cut only one material, whether it be aluminum, stainless steel, or cast iron, the selection of a good cutting fluid would be much easier to make.
		Most manufacturers of cutting fluids will perform the necessary water testing to determine exactly what minerals are dissolved in your water and make a fluid recommendation based on the results.
	www.manufacturingcenter.com /metlfax/archives/0599/599cutfl.asp (566 words)

	United States Patent: 6,379,371
		Where the cutting edge is circular and the blade body has a planar surface between the fluid distribution guide surface and the cutting edge, for instance, the recess has a fluid distribution surface inclined with respect to the planar blade surface and extending along a circular arc.
		The surgical blade defined in claim 17 wherein said cutting edge is disposed in a single plane and has an arcuate section and a pair of straight sections continuous with said arcuate section at opposite ends thereof, said through-slot delivering cooling fluid to said arcuate section and said straight sections.
		Additionally the coolant fluid is delivered along the side of the blade and into the cut, but the delivery mechanism does not interrupt the cutting edge as has been found to be significant in the instrument's feel and performance.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/moleary/patents/6379371.html (4351 words)

	HE&M Saw e-News - Cutting Fluid Technical Article
		Cutting fluid performs a variety of important functions in a band saw: it keeps the chips from welding to the tooth and lubricates the chips, allowing them to move easily through the cut.
		Simply squirting the cutting fluid against one side of the blade or dribbling it on the top invariably results in uneven cutting fluid distribution with the effect of dulling one side of the blade and causing crooked cuts.
		Cutting fluid prevents chip welding to either the blade or the parent material by chemical interface.
	www.hemsaw.com /e-news/e-fluidsexposed.htm (634 words)

	A method of fabricating oxide ceramic articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the cutting of a ceramic workpiece, cutting conditions that increase the removal rate, while at the same time minimizing the level of machining-induced damage, are to be desired.
		Cutting fluids may have a substantial effect on cutting efficiency and tool wear, as well as on the surface finish and the surface and subsurface damage of the finished ceramic article.
		The combination of these factors permits oxide ceramic articles to be cut with a reduction in the machining-induced damage in the surface of the ceramic, i.e., with a reduction in the number and size of microcracks in the machined surface and in the amount of debris redeposited on the surface.
	www.isr.umd.edu /ISR/accomplishments/008_Ceramics (853 words)

	Mist Generation During Metal Machining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The objective of former doctoral student Jon Thornburg's research is to identify and characterize factors that determine the generation rate and size distribution of cutting fluid mists.
		Cutting fluids cool and lubricate the tool used in machining operations such as turning, milling, and boring.
		During the machining process, a mist is formed by the interaction between the tool and the cutting fluid covered surface of the metal, impaction of the cutting fluid on the machine, the centrifugal force acting on the cutting fluid covering the rotating workpiece, and vaporization/condensation of the cutting fluid.
	www.sph.unc.edu /baitylab/MistGenerationDuringMetalMachining.html (508 words)

	Increasing productivity on your cutoff saw
		As the blade starts the cut, it is sawing a solid; then it makes two thin-wall cuts simultaneously as it passes through the midsection; and last, it saws a solid again as the blade passes through the bottom.
		Other features on cutoff saws that can be helpful for tube cutting are automatic indexing, which moves the stock forward and positions it for the next cut; variable vise pressure control to reduce the chance of crushing thin-walled tubing; and a swivel head for quick setup of angle cuts.
		The difference is 28 percent more area to be cut on the square tube, which is reflected in the proportionally greater cost; in other words, it costs 28 percent more to cut the square tube than to cut the round tube.
	www.thefabricator.com /Sawing/Sawing_Article.cfm?ID=254 (1588 words)

	Cutting Fluid Article
		A specialty fluid can be applied either to the cutting fluid mix or, in its undiluted form, directly to the workpiece before or during the machining operation.
		A variety of problems or situations can occur – with respect to cutting fluid performance, biostability characteristics, storage or mixing – that require certain actions to be taken or, in some cases, may require the fluid to be changed completely.
		Potential trouble spots include the state of the cutting fluid, flow rate and whether it is being accurately delivered to the cutting zone.
	www.desktopcnc.com /articles/cut_fluid.htm (1547 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tramp oils that mix with the cutting fluid are recirculated with it unless they are removed from the fluid with a mechanism such as an oil skimmer.
		Cutting fluids on the market today are carefully formulated to provide the optimal balance of cooling and lubrication.
		The evolution of today’s fluids began in 1883, when Frederick Taylor discovered that a heavy stream of water directed at a tool’s cutting edge would cool the tool and the workpiece enough to let machinists increase the speed of an operation by 30% to 40%.
	www.ctemag.com /article/viewArticle.asp?ARTICLE_ID=73 (1568 words)

	The Essentials For Choosing The Right Cutting Fluid
		A specialty fluid can be applied either to the cutting fluid mix or, in its undiluted form, directly onto the workpiece before or during the machining operation.
		A variety of problems or situations can occur with respect to cutting fluid performance, biostable characteristics, storage or mixing that require certain actions to be taken or in some cases the fluid to be completely changed.
		As with all cutting fluids, proper care and handling involves several important factors, which include storage, mixing, bacteria control, tramp oil control, application to the cutting zone, and proper disposal.
	www.manufacturingcenter.com /man/articles/m0902cutting.htm (1013 words)

	Glossary of Industry Terms
		A cutting fluid used where lubrication is the prime consideration and the cooling factor is of less importance.
		Cutting tools to perform different operations are mounted in the faces or stations of these turrets and are rotated and/or indexed to bring the various cutting tools against a rotating workpiece in a predetermined sequence.
		Cutting a helical groove of a definite shape or angle with a uniform advance for each revolution on the surface of a round piece of material or in a cylindrical hole.
	www.leanderlube.com /glossary.htm (3560 words)

	Results in
		Because cutting tools account for only about 4 percent of the total cost of a machining project, accepting a slightly shorter tool life for the chance to eliminate the cost and headaches of maintaining cutting fluids could be the less expensive choice.
		Experts debate whether any cutting fluid at all reaches the cutting zone, the zone between the chip and the part, to control the heat of machining at its source.
		Fluids tend to cool only the surrounding region areas--that were previously warm--thereby intensifying temperature gradients and increasing thermal stresses.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3101/is_5_76/ai_109028304 (455 words)

	KUTWELL
		KUTWELL is the trademark for a line of two high-performance 'soluble' cutting fluids for cooling and lubricating the tool and work in machining operations.
		KUTWELL water-mix cutting and grinding fluids are suitable for a wide range of ferrous and non-ferrous metalworking operations.
		KUTWELL fluids are readily removed from the skin by waterless hand cleaners followed by washing with soap, water, and a soft skin brush.
	www.exxon.com /USA-English/Lubes/PDS/NAUSE2INDEXKutwell.asp?Print=yes (1110 words)

	Zhong Chen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The use of cutting fluids has raised increasing concerns with regard to environmental intrusiveness and occupational hazards.
		Cutting fluids are often applied in machining and grinding operations.
		Based on the description of fluid motion, modeling of atomization, and treatment of statistical variation, the airborne particulate concentration and size distribution are quantitatively expressed in terms of fluid properties, fluid application conditions, cutting process parameters, as well as machining time.
	www.me.gatech.edu /me/theses/Chen5.html (290 words)

	NEWMOA - P2Rx™ Topic Hub™ - Metal Fabrication & Machining - P2 Opportunities
		Metalworking fluids are a significant source of waste from metal cutting and shaping processes and often contaminate subsequent process baths.
		By testing the fluid continuously or periodically, maintaining the appropriate proportion of ingredients, and removing metal particles and tramp oils using filtering equipment, degradation of fluid by microbes may be prevented.
		The mechanism employed to remove excess fluid depends largely on the size of the particles and the type of metalworking fluid that is present.
	www.newmoa.org /prevention/topichub/subsection.cfm?hub=23&subsec=4&nav=4 (2751 words)

	REL COOL Cutting & Grinding Fluid
		Synthetic fluids are recommended for use as light to medium duty coolant in metal cutting operations such as: sawing, drilling, tapping, milling and turning.
		Semi-synthetic fluids are recommended for use as moderate to heavy-duty coolants in high-speed, deep drilling: sawing and threading operations.
		Soluble oils are recommended for use as light to heavy-duty coolants in metal cutting applications such as: internal/external broaching, tapping, generating gear teeth, deep drilling, boring, screw machining, trepanning and sawing.
	www.barrettdiamond.com /carbide/relcool.htm (300 words)

	Metalworking @ MetalworkArt.com (Metalwork Art) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a metalworking lathe, metal is removed from the workpiece using a hardened cutting tool which is usually fixed to a solid moveable mounting called the "toolpost", this arrangement is then moved around the workpiece using handwheels and/or computer controlled motors.
		cutting fluid) are sometimes used to ease this problem and to prolong the tools life by cooling, lubricating the tip and improving chip flow.
		A tap is used to cut a female thread on the inside surface of a predrilled hole, while a die cuts a male thread on a preformed cylindrical rod.
	www.metalworkart.com (2018 words)

	Vacmul A6 and 2105
		Vacmul A6 was developed for machining higher tensile ferrous and non-ferrous alloys under heavy duty conditions in turning, tapping, screw cutting and gear cutting operations, particularly where heavy feed rates at slower cutting speeds are applied, and it is recommended for the flute grinding of twist drills.
		In addition to serving as a cutting fluid, it may be used for the hydraulic system and/or the lubrication system of the machine tool where leakage and contamination of the cutting fluid and lubricant can occur.
		Vacmul 2105 can be used as a general purpose cutting oil on automatics, gear cutting and all operations where a non-corrosive oil is required for machining ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
	www.mobil1.com /USA-English/Lubes/PDS/NAUSE2INDMOVacmul_A6_2105.asp?Print=yes (285 words)

	6-II-5 EXTENSION OF METAL WORKING FLUID SERVICE LIFE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Metal-working fluid life is a function of various factors including: type of metal working operation, type/quality of fluid used, housekeeping practices, contamination, bacterial contamination, and water quality.
		Water or fluid concentrate may be added to the reclaimed fluid to adjust the fluid concentration to the desired level.
		Cutting fluids that are sent off-site for recycling are handled at no cost for the facility.
	p2library.nfesc.navy.mil /P2_Opportunity_Handbook/6_II_5.html (930 words)

	David Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Current NIOSH requirements for the cutting fluid concentration in a manufacturing environment is set at 0.5 mg/m3 total particulate as a permissible exposure level for personnel.
		The goal of this study was to provide a methodology for predicting the concentration of cutting fluid that leaves the cutting zone when turning a circular cylinder on a horizontal lathe.
		The mechanisms that contribute to the loss of fluid that will be discussed include the evaporation of fluid due to high cutting temperature, spin-off of fluid from the workpiece due to rotational motion, and the splash due to the kinetic energy by fluid-workpiece impact.
	www.me.gatech.edu /me/theses/Bell.html (199 words)

	Shop Solutions
		Finally, Tri-Logic RTD is a tapping fluid suitable for some applications that reduces the availability of nutrients for bacteria and fungi and is fully emulsifiable.
		Rather than causing contamination problems, it mixes into the cutting fluid, and high-performance additives in the tapping fluid then improve the performance of the cutting fluid.
		Used for primary roughing, the system cuts finishing time by removing the bulk of the material before finish passes are made with a threading insert.
	www.sme.org /gmn/mag/2005/05fem001/05fem001.html (2233 words)

	Aqueous cutting fluid for machining fissionable materials (US4448701) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The present invention is directed to a cutting fluid for machining fissionable material.
		The cutting fluid is formed of glycol, water and boron compound in an adequate concentration for effective neutron attenuation so as to inhibit criticality incidents during machining.
		A cutting fluid for machining fissionable materials consisting of an admixture of water, 35-65 vol.
	www.delphion.com /details?&pn10=US04448701 (173 words)

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