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Topic: Cyanotoxin

Related Topics

Algae

Cyanobacteria

Microcystin

Nonribosomal peptide

Cyanide

	Risiko von Cyanotoxinen im Trinkwasser
		Vice versa, a large range of metabolites is found in cyanobacteria, many of which show some enzyme inhibition or other effects if tested in vitro, but whose effect on entire cells, tissues or organisms has not yet been investigated.
		While possibly the known cyanotoxins (see cyanotoxin overview) comprise those most important to human health, hazard assessment should include consideration of further effects of cyanobacteria – i.e.
		Validation of assumptions based on microcystin monitoring may therefore be critical to ensure safety of water for human use.
	www.pepcy.de /PEPCY-DST/Risiko_Cyanotoxinen.htm (726 words)

	Saline Systems \| Full text \| Cyanobacteria toxins in the Salton Sea
		Cyanotoxins particularly microcystins have already had significant impacts on selected aquaculture organisms including salmon, stripped bass, shrimp and catfish (Table 2).
		The cyanotoxin group microcystins should be considered as a possible contributing cause of grebe morbidities and mortalities in the Salton Sea and efforts to remediate the Salton Sea water quality should take this into account.
		An investigation to determine the role of cyanotoxins in grebe mortalities and morbidities on the Salton Sea was started in November 1999 and ended in April 2001.
	www.salinesystems.org /content/2/1/5 (5739 words)

	CyanoNet
		CYANONET is a UNESCO-supported initiative to create an internet-based global source of information and contacts for cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), their toxins (cyanotoxins), and on materials and methods to reduce the risks which they present to health and water resources.
		Cyanotoxins are now well-established as presenting hazards to health.
		You may be able to provide scientific information on cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins in your region, on associated health incidents, and/or on management actions or needs.
	www.cyanonet.org /faq.html (757 words)

	Taking Toxins to Task - National Research Council Canada
		A recent spectacular case in Brazil led to the deaths of 52 dialysis patients when cyanotoxins entered their bodies through the tap water being used to help cleanse their blood.
		They were launching the first Certified Reference Material (CRM) for a cyanotoxin, along with the prospect of enabling public health authorities to respond much more effectively to this water-borne menace.
		Another cyanotoxin CRM expected to be released later this year is for anatoxin-a, a toxin often implicated in animal deaths.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /highlights/2006/0606water_e.html (1036 words)

	Microcystins
		Examples of alkaloid cyanotoxins are the cytotoxic cylindrospermopsins and neurotoxic anatoxins.
		A major challenge in our work is the high variability of cyanotoxins and the presence of toxins in complex biological matrices such as cyanobacterial cells, environmental waters and tissue materials.
		Quantitative data on cyanotoxins in the environment is being produced, and this provides a basis for a human risk assessment.
	www.abo.fi /~jmeriluo (600 words)

	Brazilian Deaths Traced to Common Marine Toxins Environmental Health Perspectives Jul01
		To avoid chlorine residue in the water used for dialysis, the center had trucked water in from the municipal plant after it was treated only with alum flocculation.
		Since then, they discovered that the water used in dialysis treatment also was contaminated with the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin, which has been linked to an outbreak of liver and kidney disease among 148 people in Australia.
		Carmichael and his colleagues had suspected that cylindrospermopsin was in the Caruaru water because the organism that produces this cyanotoxin was identified in water samples from the Tabocas Reservoir.
	www.mindfully.org /Water/Brazilian-Marine-Toxins.htm (611 words)

	IngentaConnect A decision-making framework for ecological impacts associated wit... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A decision-making framework for ecological impacts associated with the accumulation of cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin and microcystin)
		The factors influencing cyanotoxin bioavailability are discussed in the context of the challenges associated with understanding and managing toxin accumulation.
		Based on the characteristics of cyanotoxin bioavailability, exposure and uptake routes, a theoretical, predictive model for cyanotoxin bioaccumulation is proposed.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/lre/2005/00000010/00000001/art00003 (287 words)

	Piyawat Pholsanong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An acute toxicity study of the cyanotoxin extract was performed on the four fish species that were aged between 30 to 45 days.
		The results showed that toxicity of the crude cyanotoxin extract was via respiratory failure of the exposed fish.
		The irritation of skin, which was implied by the increasing of club cells and mucous cells, could also lead to secondary infections and weakness.
	www.cri.or.th /~estm/abstract/en-4136846.htm (448 words)

	Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, Raw water monitoring, Analyses Drinking water treatment, European Union, Research project
		In particular, cyanotoxins, highlighted as priority hazardous water pollutants by The European Water Framework Directive, have caused many animal deaths and have also been implicated in cases of human illness.
		So far, studies on cyanobacteria and their associated toxins have been largely restricted to single surface waters, with some limited regional and national surveys in Europe, and have been focused either to biological, hydrological, toxicological, or water treatment objectives.
		For this purpose, TOXIC contains multidisciplinary aspects ranging from raw water monitoring and cyanotoxin identification and analysis to the behaviour of cyanobacteria and their toxins during water treatment processes, including cost evaluation, application and exploitation of the results by potential end-users.
	www.cyanotoxic.com /overview.htm (484 words)

	cyanotoxins and harmful algae
		Williams has been with GreenWater Laboratories/CyanoLab since its inception and has worked in the field of water quality and aquatic toxicology research for over 20 years and in the field of cyanotoxin production for over seven years.
		Williams has managed numerous long-term monitoring projects for federal, state, county, and private agencies and has been an invited speaker to numerous national and international conferences and workshops regarding the identification and prevalence of cyanotoxins in the aquatic environment.
		Aubel joined GreenWater Laboratories/CyanoLab in March of 2002 after spending 12 years as a Research and Senior Research Scientist in the Pulp and Paper Division of Hercules, Inc. He is presently Vice President and the principle analytical chemist of GreenWater Lab/CyanoLab.
	www.greenwaterlab.com /Qualifications_Staff.htm (400 words)

	Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source \| Abstract \| Recreational and occupational field exposure to ...
		A coroner in the United States found that a teenage boy died as a result of accidentally ingesting a neurotoxic cyanotoxin from a golf course pond.
		This death is the first recorded human fatality attributed to recreational exposure to cyanobacteria, although uncertainties surround the forensic identification of the suspected cyanotoxin in this case.
		A range of freshwater microbial agents may cause acute conditions that present with features that resemble illnesses attributed to contact with cyanobacteria and, conversely, acute illness resulting from exposure to cyanobacteria or cyanotoxins in recreational waters could be misdiagnosed.
	www.ehjournal.net /content/5/1/6/abstract (564 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Primary irritant and delayed-contact hypersensitivity reactions to the freshwater ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There is a small body of literature relating to research into the cutaneous effects of planktonic freshwater cyanobacteria and the toxins of freshwater cyanobacteria.
		A micrometer gauge is used to measure ear thickness; an increase in ear swelling of 20 per cent or greater in one or more test mice is regarded as a positive result [19].
		Using the MEST, we sought to determine whether three toxin-producing cyanobacteria isolates and the purified cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin were capable of generating delayed-contact hypersensitivity reactions.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-5945/6/5 (6066 words)

	Chorus, I. - Cyanotoxins Books at Real Groovy New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This book presents a compilation of extensive screening results which show the cyanotoxin levels to be expected when certain taxa dominate.
		It further investigates field data, combined with experimental laboratory culture results, to reveal how environmental factors control the cyanotoxin levels in natural waters.
		A practical section is dedicated to the impact on human use of water intoxicated by cyanobacteria.
	www.realgroovy.co.nz /books/isbn/3540649999 (453 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to freshwater cyanobacteria - human volunteer studies
		The test materials and measured cyanotoxin concentrations are listed in Table 2.
		From the consecutive series of outpatients approached, two declined to participate (one of each sex) and one female who agreed to participate was not included due to an administrative oversight.
		Estimated cyanotoxin doses applied to each subject are presented in Table 5.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-5945/6/6 (4779 words)

	Health Stream Article - Issue 12 December 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Robyn Chiswell, Degradation of the cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin (poster).
		Maree Smith, The cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin, produced by Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Australia (poster).
		This breadth, presented in sequential rather than concurrent sessions, is particularly valuable for maintaining the relevance and inter-relatedness of research done, and also for introducing the field to new entrants in one crash course.
	www.waterquality.crc.org.au /hsarch/HS12d.htm (988 words)

	Amazon.com: "cyanotoxin production": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		See all pages with references to "cyanotoxin production".
		that control the growth and toxin content of individual strains are as yet unknown, but clearly the genetic regulation of cyanotoxin production is an important area for further study and understanding (see section 3.3.3).
		Molecular Detection of Cyanotoxin Production 215 To date, only two toxic variants of nodularin have been reported, one with a demethylated amino acid at position...
	amazon.com /phrase/cyanotoxin-production (347 words)

	Environmental Laboratory Products
		Furthermore, DHI is accredited by DANAK to carry out analyses of pigment concentration in samples.
		DHI Cyanobacterial Toxins: Spectrally and chromatographically pure ready-to-use cyanotoxin standards are produced for calibration of HPLC; e.g.
		Furthermore, quantification of cyanotoxins is offered by our laboratory.
	www.dhigroup.com /LabAndField/EnvironmentalLaboratoryProducts.aspx (251 words)

	Case Study - Blue-Green Algae - Water Quality Sensors - HACH ENVIRONMENTAL
		Again, this would be almost impossible to determine without a significant increase in actual monitoring or monitoring triggered by significant upward trends in cyanobacteria pigment fluorescence.
		If such are detected in none of four quarterly samples, that would be interpreted as a 0% occurrence rate which may or may not be true (i.e., possibly a false negative occurrence rate) which likewise is quite serious.
		Such analyses should in turn trigger additional monitoring by the more traditional methods for algae identification and enumeration and for taste and odor compounds when significant upward trends are detected.
	www.hydrolab.com /case_studies/Public_Water_Systems_Benefit.asp (1190 words)

	Wes Maldonado: Data Junkie » Blog Archive » The Coming Slime Age
		Water that splashed from their nets spread the inflammation to their legs and torsos.
		The cool thing about fireweed is that it is a Cyanobacteria which means that it produces a class of neurotoxins called, amazingly, Cyanotoxin.
		The “cyano” part of cyanotoxin should remind you of a thing called Cyanide, which is good at killing you quickly.
	www.brokenbuild.com /blog/2006/08/03/the-coming-slime-age (499 words)

	Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
		Collaborative studies funded by the FLHABTF were initiated between the St. Johns River Water Management District, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Department of Health (DOH), private laboratories, and Wright State University to investigate the distribution of toxic cyanobacteria and their toxins (cyanotoxins) in Florida waters.
		In Florida, there have been no illnesses reported from recreational activities in lakes directly related to cyanobacteria blooms, based on information from the Florida Department of Health.
		More information on cyanobacteria blooms, their toxins, and public health effects can be found in the Proceedings of Health Effects of Exposure to Toxic Cyanobacteria Toxins: State of the Science, August 13—14, 2002 (DOH Division of Environmental Health).
	www.floridamarine.org /features/view_article.asp?id=25327 (639 words)

	SCAEL-South Carolina Algal Ecology Labs
		Dermatotoxins are known to cause such topical infections as swimmer’s itch.
		Figure 1: Cyanotoxin producing organisms found in the Lowcountry of South Caroliana.
		associated with cyanotoxins are more commonly linked to livestock and pets; however
	links.baruch.sc.edu /scael/research/cyanotoxins.html (353 words)

	Ihr Cyanotoxin-Baustein für Ihren Water Safety Plan
		It is strongly recommended to perform such a more comprehensive assessment, as the outcome will set the health risk from toxic cyanobacteria into perspective against other health risks from hazards that may occur in your system, and this is valuable for making decisions on management priorities (see
		cyanotoxins in relation to risks from other hazards).
		Comprehensive documentation is extremely valuable for securing information and experience, including for training staff.
	www.pepcy.de /PEPCY-DST/Abschlussbaustein.htm (387 words)

	NewsRx Search Results on Cyanotoxin
		Influence of drinking water on dissolved microcystin (cyanotoxin) studied
		composition on quantitation and biological activity of dissolved microcystin (MCYST; cyanotoxin).
		three other purified microcystin variants (microcystin-RR, -LW, and -LF) and the related cyanotoxin nodularin." "Extracts of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were...
	www.newsrx.com /search_results.php?search_term=Cyanotoxin&doSearch=Search (76 words)

	CyanoNet
		Blahos Marsalek, Ludek Blaha and colleagues of the Centre for Cyanobacteria and their Toxins, Brno, Czech Republic (www.cyanobacteria.net) and included 17 oral papers and 22 posters.
		Topics addressed included human health aspects, cyanotoxin detection and analysis, effects of cyantoxins on aquatic ecosysytems and exposed biota (animals, plants) and risk assessment and management of cyanobacterial blooms.
		This workshop, organized by the CEDEX, will be held in Madrid the 4th of October of 2006.
	www.cyanonet.org /news.php (439 words)

	DHI LAB products and related services - Cyanotoxin Standards
		The Cyanotoxin standards should be stored in freezer, and thawed prior to use.
		The standards should be used immediately after breaking the seal.
		Please complete the "End-User-Statement", print on your company letterhead and send the original to DHI together with your order.
	www.c14.dhi.dk /CyanotoxinStandards.htm (148 words)

	NHDES Watershed Management Bureau: Public Beach Inspection Program
		Cyanobacteria blooms are aesthetically displeasing in sight, odor, and taste, as well as potentially toxic to domestic animals, livestock, waterfowl, and humans.
		Many cyanobacteria produce toxins (collectively referred to as "cyanotoxins") that may be released into the water when cells die or consumed by organisms in the food chain.
		There are four common cyanobacteria to New Hampshire's lakes and ponds that produce toxins.
	www.des.state.nh.us /Beaches/cyanobacteria.html (1265 words)

	Information on Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Blooms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		California's State Water Resource Control Board and US EPA sponsored a November 2005 symposium on blue-green algae in the Klamath River Basin.
		Current approaches to cyanotoxin risk assessment, risk management, and regulations in different countries (Federal Environmental Agency, Germany)
		Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ps/ddwem/bluegreenalgae/index.htm (1484 words)

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