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Topic: Cycle space


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In the News (Wed 11 Nov 09)

  
  Cycle space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is not necessary to use all cycles to generate the cycle space: if G is connected and any spanning tree T of G is given, then the fundamental cycles of T form a basis of the cycle space.
The dimension of the cycle space of a connected graph is thus related to the number of vertices and edges of the graph.
An important application of the cycle space are Whitney's planarity criterion and Mac Lane's planarity criterion, which give an algebraic characterization of the planar graphs.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cycle_space   (788 words)

  
 Cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Citric acid cycle, the Born Haber cycle or the Calvin cycle.
A cycle and a Hamiltonian cycle in graph theory.
A cycle is an element of a homology class.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cycle   (350 words)

  
 Cultural Studies of Architectural Space
Space is a concept that is central to many different areas of study and has varied meanings, ranging from totally abstract notions such as mathematical space, to physical ones such as astronomical space, to more earthly ones such as the expanse that surrounds us, to behavioral notions such as territorial space and personal space.
The notion of architectural space should also be understood to include structures of space, i.e., sets of spaces so interrelated to each other that the functions they serve extend through these spaces (Baykan and Pultar, forthcoming).
This process is cyclic; most spaces reach the end of their useful life due to some reason or other and, thereby, lead to a repetition of the cycle in the form of renovation, remodeling, re-adaptation of use or the generation of new spaces.
www.bilkent.edu.tr /~pultar/Papers/Spacult/Spacult.html   (3041 words)

  
 SPACE.com --
Space Films, a venture business set up by JAXA that specializes in space images, will send a high-definition camera to the space station aboard a Russian rocket launch Oct. 1 and direct the filming from Russia's Mission Control Center outside Moscow, JAXA said.
Space station commander Sergei Krikalev and flight engineer John Phillips, the eleventh ISS crew, reactivated the oxygen generator Monday at 9:41 a.m.
The European Space Agency (ESA) announced that it has identified "micro-vortices" in the magnetosphere, the magnetic field surrounding earth, based on data collected from a series of four satellites that are part of the agency's Cluster mission.
www.space.com /astronotes/astronotes.html   (10072 words)

  
 HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is announcing the opportunity for accepted HST Cycle 12 General Observers, Archival and Snapshot Researchers (GO/AR/SNAP) and current Hubble Fellows to submit proposals for an E/PO supplement to the parent research program.
The spirit of the HST Cycle E/PO Grant Program is to encourage collaborative efforts between professional astronomers/space scientists and professional educators that would broaden the knowledge and understanding of the latest discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope.
The HST Cycle E/PO proposal should have intellectual linkage to the parent research program and/or the science expertise of its Principal Investigator (PI) that would provide education institutions with current astronomy/space science content.
cycle-epo.stsci.edu /CY12_CFP.html   (4021 words)

  
 Space Today Online -- The Sun and the Solar System -- Sunspot Cycle 23 Twin Peaks
Cycle 20 took about four years to reach peak and about seven uears to descend to minimum.
An additional indication that Cycle 23 peaked in the year 2000 came in a NASA report in February 2001 that the Sun's magnetic field had flipped.
In fact, Cycle 23 now may be the third double-peaked cycle in a row.
www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Sun/SunspotsTwinPeaks.html   (587 words)

  
 Cycle lanes & tracks
Where, for example, a cycle lane is provided within the carriageway use is not compulsory: cyclists maintain the right to cycle in the carriageway.
Except through protected cycle by-passes or to pass stationary traffic at junctions, the absolute minimum width for cycle lanes is 1.5 metres, but 2 metres is preferred and essential at higher speeds.
Advisory cycle lanes should be thought of as indicators of the space cyclists need when they are being overtaken, not necessarily as exclusive space for cyclists.
www.ctc.org.uk /DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID=3734   (494 words)

  
 Space Cycle tests artificial gravity as solution to muscle loss
With long-term initiatives like the International Space Station and the proposed lunar and Mars missions, the rate of muscle loss in some areas might rise to 25 percent unless measures are taken to confront atrophy.
The Space Cycle, a human-powered centrifuge under testing in Caiozzo's lab, generates various levels of artificial gravity ranging from Earth gravity to five times Earth's gravity.
Caiozzo's team is determining the Space Cycle's effectiveness by comparing the participants' pre- and post-study muscle mass and strength, muscle fiber cross-sections from biopsies, and various cellular and molecular markers of growth.
www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-09/nsbr-sct091305.php   (521 words)

  
 Cycle Info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
We will also provide free reservations and guaranteed cycle spaces on trains when pre-booked through our dedicated phone number where we can ensure that available cycle space is made available for those that book in advance.
Subject to availability of space, cycles can be conveyed, free of charge, on each Sleeper, in the guards van.
Cycles cannot be carried on bus services replacing trains during periods of engineering work.
www.firstgroup.com /scotrail/content/travelinfo/cycle-info.php   (1428 words)

  
 NASA/MSFC/GHCC - Results of NASA Recon Search   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Except in the case of precipitable water, the zonal average climates of the annual cycle experiment and the two perpetual July experiments are alike, i.e., their differences are within limits of the natural variability of the model's climate.
The carbon dioxide and water cycles on Mars are analyzed; the carbon dioxide cycle determines seasonal variations in surface pressure and the behavior of the water cycle.
The hydrological cycle is also significantly enhanced in the global mean, but locally the changes in precipitation and soil moisture are masked by the variability of the experiments.
wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov /ghcc/HydroSearch/recon2.html   (12304 words)

  
 [No title]
Cycle stands should not significantly obstruct pedestrian movement on the footway, nor should they obscure the view of car drivers at junctions or near pedestrian crossings.
Consider that the amended cycle parking standards are still too high and will result in and over-provision of cycle parking facilities associated with such development and an inefficient use of land.
Objection The cycle parking standards set out at Appendix 2 are unrealistic and standards for provision should be reduced in areas of high public transport provision.
www.lbwf.gov.uk /wrapps2.1-cycle-park-stds-append2.doc   (1337 words)

  
 SDI CONVERSION CYCLES - Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
The most common terrestrial application of this cycle is in coal-fired and nuclear electrical power plants, in which the working fluid is water which is heated to form steam which drives turbine generators.
The primary advantage of the Rankine Cycle is high efficiency, and isothermal heat rejection, which minimizes the area of a radiator for a given operating temperature.
This concept operates on the basis of an evaporation-condensation cycle, in which the gaseous circulating coolant is returned to the liquid phase as it passes through a heat exchanger connected to the radiator.
www.fas.org /nuke/space/c06sdi_3.htm   (6046 words)

  
 Green thumb, blue sky
Growing aboard Mir, the Russian space station, the plants achieved what Musgrave called "a real milestone in plant space biology" despite a three-day power flout caused by a collision with a supply ship.
But since space is scarce on space ships, the whole procedure must be supremely efficient, and that means developing systems productive enough -- and reliable enough -- to make meaningful amounts of food and oxygen.
The virtual absence of gravity in space could affect many aspects of plant growth in ways that are just now coming into focus.
whyfiles.org /046sci_project/space_plant.html   (676 words)

  
 Chapter 7 - Title
Assuming that the lag space we build has an appropriate dimension and that the system we're studying is essentially deterministic, we are entitled to characterize the dynamical behavior of our model through the description of a prediction surface.
In a lag space of sound samples, the state of a dynamical system can be defined as a vector of successive samples but it doesn't seem to make much sense to define the state of the entire instrument in terms of these fast changing vectors.
This cycle should be understood as the representation of a stationary (in the stochastic sense) system with a strong tendency to periodicity.
brainop.media.mit.edu /Archive/Metois/Thesis7.html   (7505 words)

  
 SECEFPrimer
Space weather is a complex series of events that begin deep inside the Sun, and extend throughout the solar system, carried by the solar wind.
Most of this weather is both invisible and benign, but occasional severe storms can shake the Earth's magnetic field and spawn aurora, electrical power flouts and satellite outages.
Space weather comes in 11-year cycles that are in step with the ebb and flow of solar activity.
sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /sechtml/tut.html   (271 words)

  
 Cycle E/PO Call for Proposals: Cycle 13
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is announcing the opportunity for accepted HST Cycle 13 General Observers, Archival and Snapshot (GO/AR/SNAP) researchers and current Hubble Fellows to submit proposals for an E/PO supplement to the parent research program.
The HST Cycle 13 E/PO proposal must have clear intellectual linkage to the science and/or science theme of the parent research program(s).
HST Cycle 13 GO/AR/SNAP programs whose topic or the science foundations are similar may combine their efforts and submit a teamed E/PO proposal.
cycle-epo.stsci.edu /CY13CFP.html   (3811 words)

  
 RedOrbit - Space - Space Cycle Tests Artificial Gravity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Through a study at the University of California, Irvine, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) is exploring the concept of a Space Cycle for inflight resistance-training exercise.
As one person pedals, the cycle moves in a circular motion around a centralized pole.
To achieve the desired amount of force, the rider on the left powers the cycle while the rider on the right performs squats.
www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=240564&source=r_space   (590 words)

  
 Space cycle links UK   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Space cycle links UK Space cycle links UK or references to space...
To obtain information on space links, simply click on the 'Buy' buttons to confirm latest prices, delivery and availability direct from the supplier.
Space cycle links UK or references to the subject of space...
cycleuk.ronniebou.co.uk /cycle/space.html   (345 words)

  
 SPACE.com -- The Space Cycle: New Way to Exercise in Orbit
But by using the Space Cycle and the artificial gravity it produces, astronauts may be able to make better use of their time.
Scientists are hopeful that the Space Cycle will prove to be effective at preventing bone and muscle loss, and say it may help astronauts' minds as much as their bodies.
Astrosociology is the study of astrosocial phenomena (social/cultural patterns related to space), a multidisciplinary field open to all scientists and engineers interested in "space and society" issues.
www.space.com /scienceastronomy/051004_space_cycle.html   (1389 words)

  
 The Cycle Space of an Infinite Graph - Diestel (ResearchIndex)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
We present a new approach that builds the cycle space of a graph not on its finite cycles but on its topological circles, the homeomorphic images of the unit circle in the space formed by the graph together with its ends.
The Cycle Space of a 3-Connected Graph is Generated by Its Finite..
3 The cycle space of a 3-connected locally finite graph is gen..
citeseer.ist.psu.edu /604160.html   (634 words)

  
 Sun Spot Cycles, or Solar Cycles, Affect Earth’s Weather
The number of sun spots observed indicates the amount of activity and the length of the solar cycle under observation.
Daily updates on the sun spot cycle and monthly updates on sun spot cycle predictions are published on the internet.
Solar cycles of activity and inactivity, characterised by more or less sun spots, flares and other signs, are important to us on Earth and regular reports on scientific findings of observations of sun spot cycles are published on the internet.
www.sunspotcycle.com   (468 words)

  
 Cycle 11 Abstracts
The goal of the program is to familiarize sixth-grade teachers and students with the Hubble Space Telescope, the life-cycles of stars, and the electromagnetic spectrum (light).
The intent in creating these workshops is to increase interest in space science among teachers and students, and to provide teachers with quality educational activities that they can reproduce in their own classrooms.
With substantial previous knowledge acquired by prior space mission and HST observations, the new observations present an excellent opportunity to present an update in a comparative manner on the outer planets by pooling the resources.
cycle-epo.stsci.edu /Cycle11_Abstracts.shtml   (1694 words)

  
 Earth & Sky : Radio Shows   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Kenneth Baldwin: We have developed what we're calling a space gravity cycle and what this cycle is designed to do is to use the normal, muscular activities to pedal this device and at the same time create an artificial gravity environment.
The cycle has a lot of merits because it could potentially benefit the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, and help maintain the muscles and certain sensory motor functions all at the same time.
From a countermeasure standpoint, Baldwin says the space gravity cycle is like hitting four birds with one shot, especially if this idea of artificial gravity turns out to have true physiological merit.
www.earthsky.org /shows/show.php?date=20031201   (539 words)

  
 Space Saver Cycle Rack -
This Space Saver Cycle Rack is made of sturdy aluminum tubing and extends approximately 12 1/2 inches from the wall but tapers to approximately 20 inches from the wall near the bottom for stability.
This gravity cycle rack offers easy storage without the need for drilling or mounting.
Each Cycle Rack is 82 inches tall by 16 inches wide and 12" inches deep.
www.abetterabode.com /storage/JJI-Organizer-Cycle-Rack-RM9411.htm   (222 words)

  
 Monitoring Earth's Water Cycle From Space To Improve Weather Forecasting / March 1, 2004 / News from the USDA ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory in Beltsville, Md., is the lead scientist for validation of the data to be collected by Hydros, a new satellite being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
They started in Oklahoma partly because it has the easiest land to monitor from space: mostly bare in spring and summer, and covered with only grass or wheat in winter.
ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.
www.ars.usda.gov /is/pr/2004/040301.htm   (380 words)

  
 Observing: HST Cycle 10   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
Hubble Space Telescope Cycle 10 Call for Proposals ================================================== Release Date: June 14, 2000 Proposal Deadline: September 08, 2000 NASA and The Space Telescope Science Institute are pleased to announce the Cycle 10 Call for Proposals for astronomical observations and archival research utilizing the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
The submission of proposals for this Cycle is entirely electronic.
However, proposers should check the Cycle 10 Announcement Web Page in the period leading up to the proposal deadline for updates on the anticipated details of Servicing Mission SM3B, which will affect the details of Cycle 10.
ecf.hq.eso.org /observing/proposal/cycle10/notice.html   (246 words)

  
 SOLSPA 2001 - Solar Cycle and Space Weather
A series of two meetings under the general title of Solar Cycle and Space Weather Euroconferences (SOLSPA) has been approved by the European Union for the years 2000 and 2001.
The series is aimed at gathering, around selected topics of interest to solar physics, senior and junior researchers (from both the theoretical and the observational fields) and instrument technology experts, for better profiting from new ideas and instrumentation.
The conference will be held in the Giusso Castle in the town of Vico Equense, near the city of Sorrento in southern Italy.
www.na.astro.it /meetings/solspa2001   (223 words)

  
 Space Cycle Tests Artificial Gravity As Solution To Muscle Loss
Space Cycle is an artificial gravity exercise gym that enables the rider to perform resistance-training exercises without the use of weights.
AFP and UPI Wire Stories are copyright Agence France-Presse and United Press International.
ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency.
www.spacedaily.com /news/gravity-05m.html   (830 words)

  
 NOAA Space Weather Scales
The NOAA Space Weather Scales were introduced as a way to communicate to the general public the current and future space weather conditions and their possible effects on people and systems.
Many of the SEC products describe the space environment, but few have described the effects that can be experienced as the result of environmental disturbances.
Geomagnetic Storms: disturbances in the geomagnetic field caused by gusts in the solar wind that blows by Earth.
www.sec.noaa.gov /NOAAscales   (1151 words)

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