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Topic: Cyclooxygenase

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Cyclooxygenase 2

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	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The reaction catalyzed by cyclooxygenase results in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from their arachadonic acid precursor.
		Prostaglandin synthase is an integral membrane protein found primarily in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian tissues (1).
		The cyclooxygenase component prostaglandin synthase introduces four oxygen atoms onto the intermediate.
	www.chem.uwec.edu /Webpapers_F98/bruce/Pages/intro.html (172 words)

	Cyclooxygenase Isoenzymes and Newer Therapeutic Potential for Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
		Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase, is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that was first identified over 20 years ago.
		Cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of cyclic endoperoxides from arachidonic acid to form prostaglandins (PG), was isolated in 1976 and cloned in 1988 (1).This membrane-bound hemo- and glycoprotein has a molecular weight of 71 kDa, and is found in the greatest amounts in the endoplasmic reticulum of prostanoid forming cells (2).
		Cyclooxygenase 2 expression is increased in frontal cortex of Alzheimer 's disease brain.
	www.prous.com /journals/mf/sample/html/mf220291/mf220291.html (3760 words)

	How NSAIDs Work
		This acid is converted by the enzyme cyclooxygenase to synthesize different prostaglandins.
		The two forms of cyclooxygenase have equal molecular weights and are very similar in structure (Table 2).
		Perhaps acetaminophen is more specific to a third form of cyclooxygenase, a ‘COX-3’, which exists in the brain (35), accounting for the drug’s analgesic and antipyretic abilities.
	elfstrom.com /arthritis/nsaids/actions.html (952 words)

	Cyclooxygenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme (EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids (including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane).
		Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain; this is the method of action of well-known drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
		, and a cyclooxygenase site, where arachidonic acid is converted into the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyclooxygenase (680 words)

	COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibody [5F6/F4] (ab695) datasheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mouse monoclonal [5F6/F4] to COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1
		If COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibody [5F6/F4] (ab695) does not perform as described on this datasheet, notify us within 90 days of delivery using this form, so that we can help you or offer you a replacement or a refund.
		Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as Prostaglandin H2 synthase and Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, is a key enzyme in the of conversion arachidonic acid to Prostaglandin H2.
	www.abcam.com /?datasheet=695 (754 words)

	eMedicine - Cyclooxygenase Deficiency : Article by John R Witherow, MD
		Synonyms and related keywords: cyclooxygenase deficiency, COX deficiency, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase deficiency, PTGS deficiency, fatty acid cyclooxygenase deficiency, prostaglandin H synthase deficiency, PGH synthase deficiency, EC 1.14.99.1 deficiency, eicosanoid, seminal fluid, COX inhibition, COX-1, PTGS-1,COX-2, PTGS-2
		Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, PGH synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1, is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production.
		The eicosanoids, which include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and lipoxins, are derived from the oxygenation of 20-carbon polyunsaturated essential fatty acids via the COX and lipoxygenase pathways.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3096.htm (3454 words)

	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with activity against either cyclooxygenase 1 or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibit ...
		Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with activity against either cyclooxygenase 1 or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibit colorectal cancer in a DMH rodent model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation
		The agents chosen, dose used, and relative activity against different cyclooxygenase isoforms are shown in table 1.
		Cyclooxygenase 2 is up-regulated and localized to macrophages in the intestine of Min mice.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/48/5/660 (4267 words)

	Expression of Functional Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Receptor and Its Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Bovine Uterine Veins: ...
		Veins were taken from proestrous/estrous cows and incubated (10–20 mg minces) in the absence or presence of LH (20 ng/ml) for 15 h.
		primarily cyclooxygenase II in the bovine endometrium (13).
		cyclooxygenase in the endometrium is very low (1).
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/138/11/4844 (5485 words)

	COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibodies
		We have 9 COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibodies
		COX3, Cyclooxygenase 1, PCOX 1, PCOX1, PGG/HS, PGH synthase 1, PGHS 1, PGHS1, PH...
		IA, IHC-Fr COX3, Cyclooxygenase 1, PCOX 1, PCOX1, PGG/HS, PGH synthase 1, PGHS 1, PGHS1, PH...
	www.abcam.com /?t=8904&pt=1&c=489 (179 words)

	Cyclooxygenase Isozymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition -- Simmons et al. 56 (3): 387 -- ...
		Cyclooxygenase Isozymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition -- Simmons et al.
		Cyclooxygenase Isozymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition
		The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a regulator of cigarette smoke induction of the cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin pathways in human lung fibroblasts
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/56/3/387 (748 words)

	The Molecular Perspective: Cyclooxygenase-2 -- Goodsell 5 (2): 169 -- The Oncologist
		In the illustration, the membrane is shown with blue shading.
		The cyclooxygenase active site, which performs the first reaction in prostaglandin synthesis, is found deep within a pocket that opens into the membrane, allowing easy access to insoluble arachidonic acid.
		In the illustration at right, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecule indomethacin is shown in green bound inside the pocket.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/5/2/169 (675 words)

	Clinical Trial: Cyclooxygenase Levels Following Surgery to Remove Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth)
		Cyclooxygenase is thought to contribute to pain that normally follows tissue injury or surgery.
		Healthy volunteers between 16 and 35 years of age who require removal of their third molars may be eligible for this study.
		NSAIDs directly inhibit cyclooxygenase [COX], which leads to reduction of prostaglandin synthesis but also to gastric erosions, inhibition of platelet aggregation and nephrotoxicity.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/show/NCT00006175 (769 words)

	Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm ...
		To compare the effect of surgical ligation of PDA versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (using indomethacin, ibuprofen, or mefenamic acid), each used as the initial treatment, on neonatal mortality in preterm infants with a symptomatic PDA.
		Efficacy and toxicity of indomethacin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitor drugs have been explored extensively and many variations in dosage regimens have been reported in the literature (Yanowitz 1998; Ng 1997; Patel 2000; Van Overmeire 2000).
		Even though there may be a general consensus to use indomethacin as the initial therapy for a symptomatic PDA, and reserve surgical ligation for indomethacin failures, this therapeutic approach may not represent the optimal management for PDA in the extremely preterm neonate.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/Malviya/MALVIYA.HTM (5703 words)

	Full Text: Pros and Cons of Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 versus Dual Lipoxygenase/Cyclooxygenase ...
		For example, the discovery of the lipoxygenase pathways in the early 1980s was accompanied by a diminished interest in the "classic" prostaglandins, leading to the development of selective lipoxygenase inhibitors as well as "dual" lipoxygenase/ cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
		It is therefore conceivable that dual inhibition of both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase should counteract inflammatory vascular changes as well as leukocyte induced damage, resulting in a more profound antiinflammatory action than the mere blockade of cyclooxygenase.
		Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenase 2 in inflammation and pain.
	www.jrheum.com /subscribers/01/11/2375.html (5249 words)

	Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease -- Dubois et al. 12 (12): 1063 -- The FASEB Journal
		Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease -- Dubois et al.
		Spangler, R. (1996) Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in rheumatic disease: implications for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.
		Yamamoto, T., and Nozaki-Taguchi, N. (1996) Analysis of the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in spinal nociceptive transmission using indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, and NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/12/12/1063 (7609 words)

	Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer is Associated with Non-polypoid Growth -- Tsunozaki et al. 32 (5): ...
		Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 indices (COX-2 mRNA/COX-1 mRNA) in 58 specimens of normal colorectal mucosa, 11 polypoid cancers and 58 non-polypoid cancers.
		The number and vertical bar to the right of each group indicate the mean and SD for the group’s COX-2 indices, respectively.
		Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
	jjco.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/5/167 (2349 words)

	Interpreting the clinical significance of the differential inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 -- ...
		Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids.
		In-situ detection and quantification of cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OA (OA) synovium.
		A classification of NSAIDs according to the relative inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes.
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/38/8/779 (5284 words)

	Chem406: Amanda Bruce - Cyclooxygenase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofin all belong to a class of drugs called non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which act on the cyclooxygenase portion of the enzyme prostaglandin synthase.
		In contrast, COX-2 is only made under certain conditions and leads to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins triggering pain and inflammatory responses.
		The results are drugs that relieve pain and reduce swelling, but eat away the stomach lining and damage the kidneys.
	www.chem.uwec.edu /Webpapers_F98/bruce/bruce.html (226 words)

	NEJM -- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and the Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin
		Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and the Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin
		Konstantinopoulos, P. A., Lehmann, D. The Cardiovascular Toxicity of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Comparisons, Contrasts, and Aspirin Confounding.
		WARNER, T. Cyclooxygenases: new forms, new inhibitors, and lessons from the clinic.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/345/25/1809 (1866 words)

	NEJM -- Comparison of Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Rofecoxib and Naproxen in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
		Rofecoxib, a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2, with clinical efficacy comparable with that of diclofenac sodium: results of a one-year, randomized, clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip.
		A randomized trial comparing the effect of rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitor, with that of ibuprofen on the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with osteoarthritis.
		Comparison of the effect of rofecoxib (a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor), ibuprofen, and placebo on the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/343/21/1520 (8136 words)

	Malignant Transformation and Antineoplastic Actions of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on ...
		agar in a dosage-dependent manner in the absence of the cyclooxygenase(s).
		Postconfluent untransformed or transformed MEF cells were treated with or without TPA for 6 h, and the cells were lysed in Triton X-100 as described in Materials and Methods.
		Isoenzyme-specific antibodies were used to detect levels of cyclooxygenase expression in wild-type (WT) or cyclooxygenase-null cells.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/190/4/451 (5938 words)

	Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
		Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / adverse effects; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
		The report addresses the question: "What are the effects of cox II inhibitors versus NSAIDS on risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects in people with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?" Produced for policy makers by the Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, together with Bazian Ltd, a company specialising in evidence-based medicine.
		The guidance will be reviewed in the light of new evidence in May 2004.
	omni.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D016861.html (395 words)

	Selective Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2: A Growing Class of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs -- Mardini and FitzGerald 1 (1): ...
		Anderson, G.D., Hauser, S.D., McGarity, K.L., Bremer, M.E., Isakson, P.C., and Gregory, S.A. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 reverses inflammation and expression of COX-2 and interleukin 6 in rat adjuvant arthritis.
		Mizuno, H., Sakamoto, C., Matsuda, K., Wada, K., Uchida, T., Noguchi, H., Akamatsu, T., and Kasuga, M. Induction of cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric mucosal lesions and its inhibition by the specific antagonist delays healing in mice.
		Identification of vascular endothelial genes differentially responsive to fluid mechanical stimuli: Cyclooxygenase-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase are selectively up-regulated by steady laminar shear stress.
	molinterv.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/1/1/30 (3957 words)

	Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activities of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors -- Masferrer et al. 60 (5): 1306 -- Cancer ...
		Interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor- and cyclooxygenase 2-mediated pathways and its implications for the chemoprevention of head and neck cancer
		Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Abrogates TNF-Induced NF-{kappa}B Activation through Inhibition of Activation of I{kappa}B{alpha} Kinase and Akt in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Correlation with Suppression of COX-2 Synthesis
		Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Abrogates Activation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Nuclear Factor (NF)-{kappa}B by Suppressing Activation of I-{kappa}B {alpha} Kinase in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Correlation with Suppression of Cyclin D1, COX-2, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/60/5/1306 (2884 words)

	Physiological regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in the kidney -- Harris and Breyer 281 (1): 1 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase II.
		Aberrant methylation of the cyclooxygenase 2 CpG island in colorectal tumors.
		Regulation of cyclooxygenase expression in the kidney by dietary salt intake.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/1/F1 (6726 words)

	Cyclooxygenase - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "Cyclooxygenase" is defined.
		Cyclooxygenase (COX) : Drug Discovery and Development [home, info]
		Phrases that include Cyclooxygenase: cyclooxygenase 2, cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition, cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibition, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=Cyclooxygenase&ls=a (139 words)

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