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Topic: Cyclopean Masonry

	Natural Stone Products
		The stones used in a cyclopean masonry construction have 3-5 edges.
		In linear masonry the stone size may vary, but the longitudinal joints are continuous.
		Masonry constructions are finished and covered with cope stones.
	www.finstone.com /engl/tuote/muurit (176 words)

	cyclopean masonry -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		More results on "cyclopean masonry" when you join.
		The walls of Toprakkale, erected in the 8th century BC, were of cyclopean masonry and sloped slightly inward, perhaps as a defense against earthquakes.
		Apartments and condominiums are often constructed of brick, concrete, or masonry.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9028380 (679 words)

	Mycenaean Greece-Habitation
		The Mycenaean fortification wall of Gla which was built roughly at the end of the 14th century BC with the characteristic
		Although the masonry of the fortification wall places Gla in the Mycenaean citadels, the kind of the buildings and the use of the citadel are completely different from the others.
		Gla was not a fortified settlement that included the palace of the king but a place devoted exclusively to the protection of the state treasure.
	www.fhw.gr /chronos/02/mainland/en/mg/habitation/citadels/glas.html (515 words)

	PRAENESTE - LoveToKnow Article on PRAENESTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		substructions of masonry and connected with each other by grand staircases, rose one above the other on the hill in the form of the side of a pyramid, crowned on the highest terrace by the round temple of Fortune.
		This immense edifice, probably by far the largest sanctuary in Italy, must have presented a most imposing aspect, visible as it was from a great part of Latium, from Rome, and even from the sea.
		Considerable portions of the southern wall of the ancient citadel, built in very massive Cyclopean masonry of blocks of limestone, are still to be seen; and the two walls, also polygonal, which formerly united the citadel with the town, can still be traced.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAENESTE.htm (1418 words)

	Archaeological World in Roman & Greek period
		At the end of this narrow space, in which the aggressors were forced to huddle together, exposed on all sides to the volleys of the guard, there is the gate, which consists of four single conglomerate blocks.
		It is built of masonry on a stone terrace fill; only the ground floor has survived, and there were found a number of jars containing carbonized wheat, which gave the building its name, although it is more probable that it was used by the guard of the gate.
		On the north-east side of the building, facing the courtyard of the Lion Gate, there are two narrow parallel corridors that led to the upper floor of the Granary and were extended, at a later stage, on a slightly different axis, the joint of which is clearly visible.
	www.archaeology-classic.com /Greece/Mycenae.html (879 words)

	Chapter 7 - Recapitulated Proofs Of Ancient Masonry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We have shewn that the most ancient style of building was termed Cyclopean, of which the Cabiric Initiates were the Masters, and that it is a prehistoric style existing in all countries, running in later times into level work and often cruciform in its plan.
		In Masonry whilst three rule a lodge, seven make it perfect, and the eighth, or Initiated Candidate, is represented by the slain god.
		Primitive Greece was allied in its culte with the races already mentioned; and its early gods were those of the Cabiri, and their buildings Cyclopean; early Greek culture is found in tombs and palaces 3,000 B.C. excavated by Dr. Schliemann, and the contents of these tombs appear to ally the occupants with the Scythians.
	www.themasonictrowel.com /books/arcane_schools_by_John_Yarker/arcane_chapter_7.htm (5560 words)

	Arch 319 Syllabus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The walls of the city consisting of a dirt embankment, cyclopean stone, timber and mud brick superstructure.
		At Tyrins, note defensive ring of cyclopean masonry, close and palace enclosures, postern and tunnels leading to water, casemates, sequence of gates and courtyards leading to megaron.
		Note cyclopean masonry, monolithic stone frame, corbeled relieving arch, triangular panel carved with lions rampant around a single column--the beginning of monumental Greek sculpture.
	suntzu.larc.calpoly.edu /mrc/217-2002/lectures/lecture04.html (383 words)

	Italy - Segni
		Signia is higher than any of the cyclopean cities we are studying,—higher even than Praeneste,—standing over two thousand feet (six hundred sixty-eight meters) on the highest northern spur of the Volscian mountains, separated from the range by a narrow valley.
		The ancient city was not as large as Anagnia, to which it corresponded as watch dog on the opposite side of the valley, or as Norba, which was its twin guardian on the other side of the mountain.
		I believe that the triple base is earlier than the temple cella, and that the Romans, not using polygonal masonry, brought the volcanic peperino from a distance in order to use it for their course masonry in the new Capitolium cella, as well as in the cistern.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/roman-cities-7.shtml (1221 words)

	The Ancient City of Athens: The Archaic Acropolis - 6/36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the foreground, a well-preserved segment of the Mycenaean period fortification wall of the Acropolis.
		The distinctive masonry style of the wall consists of largely unworked boulders.
		As a result, this type of construction is known even today as "Cyclopean" masonry.
	www.stoa.org /athens/sites/acroarchaic/source/p07009.html (184 words)

	Easter Island: land of mystery (3)
		The cyclopean masonry of Ahu Vinapu and certain other platforms is reminiscent of that of ‘Incan’ (or rather pre-Incan) monuments to be found at Cuzco, Sacsayhuaman, Ollantaytambo, Machu Picchu, and Sillustani in Peru.
		As John Macmillan Brown said: ‘The timbers of their houses look ridiculous alongside the cyclopean stone-foundations, into the small holes in which they were stuck.’ The stones are of the hardest basalt, tooled to perfection, and ‘were evidently intended by their original architects to bear the framework of great structures’.
		She goes on to say that the stone relics on Easter Island are in the cyclopean style, and have been compared to the temple of Pachacamac in Peru and the ruins of Tiahuanaco in Bolivia.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/easter3.htm (8956 words)

	Masonry (building construction) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Greeks and Romans developed masonry techniques that have continued in practice with few changes to the present day.
		Masonry may be divided into two broad categories called rubble and ashlar.
		Either kind of masonry may be laid with mortar; when laid without mortar, it is called dry masonry.
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/Construction/Masonry.html (153 words)

	Mycenae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During that period, the acropolis was surrounded by massive "cyclopean" walls which were built in three stages (ca.1350, 1250 and 1225 BC) except on its SE flank where a steep ravine provided natural defense.
		A palace was built on the summit of the hill while towards the Argolic plain lay the wall - painted "Cult Center", the main gate or "Lion Gate" and "Grave Circle A" which contained the treasures now displayed at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
		On the NE side, a tunnel leading to a subterranean fountain was built in "cyclopean" masonry in around 1225 B.C. More tombs, "Grave Circle B", and large tholoi as well as houses were discovered outside the walls.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21104a/e211da01.html (494 words)

	Masonry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cavity-wall masonry: An exterior wall of masonry, consisting of an outer and inner course separated by a continuous air space, connected together by wire or sheet-metal ties; the dead space provides improved thermal insulation
		Coursed masonry: Masonry construction in which the stones are laid in regular courses, not irregularly as in rough or random stonework
		Cyclopean masonry: Often found in ancient cultures, characterized by huge irregular stones laid without mortar and without any form of coursing.
	ah.bfn.org /a/DCTNRY/m/masonry.html (302 words)

	[No title]
		As long as the blocks didn't get too close to the edge of the ramps, the sand would be an entirely suitable material to take the weight of even the biggest blocks.Sand, however, needs gently sloping sides so the higher you go with your ramp the bigger it will become.
		To model the load imposed by a limestone masonry block being dragged along, the load imposed by such a block has been calculated and is represented by a uniformly distributed load of 8.5 t/m
		This suggests that whilst the body of the embankment will be stable under loading from even the largest blocks of masonry, some slight spalling may occur on the shoulders of the embankment.
	www.ianlawton.com /pc1.htm (946 words)

	Italy - Ferentino
		Alatri was much higher in the hills, at five hundred and two meters, while Ferentino was on a gentler slope overlooking the broad valley, at only three hundred and ninety-three meters, and a city of greater size and importance.
		They were doubtless restored at once and, the fashion of cyclopean masonry having gone out in the fourth century, or else the Romans not ever having practised it, the repairs were in the new style, similar to that of the Servian wall.
		This is the fullest description I have seen of such a capture of a cyclopean city, and it helps to solve more than one puzzle.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/roman-cities-5.shtml (1095 words)

	cyclopean masonry -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Similar walls, though not called cyclopean, are found at Machu Picchu, Peru, and at several other pre-Columbian sites in the New World.
		Cyclopean concrete derives its name from this ancient method.
		It is a form of massed concrete in which stones are placed as the concrete is poured.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9028380 (817 words)

	Chapter Cut neither Nails nor Hair at Sea <i>to</i> Cyclopean Masonry of C by Brewer's Phrase & ...
		Chapter Cut neither Nails nor Hair at Sea to Cyclopean Masonry of C by Brewer's Phrase and Fable
		Cyclopean Huge, massive, like the Cyclops of classic mythology.
		Cyclopean Masonry The old Pelasgic ruins of Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy, such as the Gallery of Tiryns, the Gate of Lyons, the Treasury of Athens, and the Tombs of Phoroneus (3 syl.) and Danaos.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1168/19836/3.html (259 words)

	Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age Italy Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cyclopean masonry passageway inside a Sardinian Bronze Age Nuraghi.
		Neolithic Italy was characterized by scattered hut type dwellings in the hills of the Appenine mountains.
		1200 BC Nuraghi were stone fortresses constructed using cyclopean and ashlar masonry.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2002fall/clar/050/001/images1.html (860 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The opposite side faces the city and was robbed of stones for construction of the cathedral and numerous other buildings.
		The Incan tradition of fine masonry may have originated in the Lake Titicaca basin area.
		Every day tourists from the world over admire the remarkable Incan masonry of what remains of the monument today, the megaliths too large for the Spaniards to mine them for their building projects in the city below.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/chavin/saxsayhuaman.txt (694 words)

	Dam Location Found
		Klinger writes, "It was a masonry dam, or as the engineers call it a "rubble-masonry, arch-gravity dam".
		In 1911 this was the largest masonry dam in the world.
		The original masonry dam was encased in poured concrete and raised in height by 70'.
	www.coxrail.com /dam.htm (323 words)

	Cyclopean. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The term is derived from Cyclopes, the mythological beings who were supposed to have built walls in this manner.
		The Cyclopean technique involves the use of huge, irregular boulders, carefully fitted together without the use of mortar, thereby creating a massive wall with an uneven face.
		There are many Cyclopean walls in Etruscan and Anatolian architecture.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cy/Cyclopea.html (150 words)

	CYCLOPEAN MASONRY - LoveToKnow Article on CYCLOPEAN MASONRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Later, these blocks were rudely shaped to fit one another.
		It is not always possible to decide the period by the type of construction, as this depended on the material; where stratified rocks could be obtained, horizontal coursing might be adopted; in fact, there are instances in Greece, where a later wall of cyclopean construction has been built over one with horizontal courses.
		To properly cite this CYCLOPEAN MASONRY article in your work, copy the complete reference below:
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CY/CYCLOPEAN_MASONRY.htm (176 words)

	Cyclopean book search page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cyclopean Song : Melancholy and Aestheticism in Gongora's Fabula De Polifemo Y Galatea (North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and literature
		Building in Cyclopean Masonry : With Special Reference to the Mycenaean Fortifications on Mainland Greece (Pocket-Book, No 148)
		excuse it, as Cyclopean might by the theory that the sensational element
	88books.tripod.com /cyclopean.html (117 words)

	CYCLOPES - LoveToKnow Article on CYCLOPES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Later legend transferred their abode to Mt Aetna, the Lipari islands or Lemnos, where they assisted Hephaestus at his forge.
		A third class of Cyclopes are the builders of the so-called Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns, giants with arms in their belly, who were said to have been brought by Proetus from Lycia to Argos, his original home (Pausanias ii.
		Like the Curetes and Telchines they are mythical types of prehistoric workmen and architects, and as such the objects of worship.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CY/CYCLOPES.htm (253 words)

	Archaic History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A fair proof of this we have in the scientific and historic labelling of the Cyclopean architecture.
		The ruder style of Cyclopean masonry, the walls of Tyrius, mentioned by Homer, are placed at the farthest end -- the dawn of pre-Roman history; the walls of Epirus and Mycenae -- at the nearest.
		Europe has neither the titanic and Cyclopean masonry of the ancients, nor even its parchments, to preserve the records of its "existing arts and languages." Its civilization is too recent, too rapidly growing, to leave any positively indestructible relics of either its architecture, arts or sciences.
	www.wisdomworld.org /additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/ArchaicHistory.html (1222 words)

	Mycenean Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The fortification walls at Mycenae and Tiryns have become hallmarks for this culture.
		Most everyone is familiar with the grand late products at Mycenae, the Treasury of Atreus and the Tholos of Clytemnestra, whose vaults are as tall as the diameter of their chambers; the lintel blocks alone are worthy of the name Cyclopean.
		These late examples at Mycenae have obscured the complicated and long history of tholoi, which seem to make their appearance in Messenia, first where the facade of at least one carries a Minoan mason mark.
	classics.uc.edu /prmainland/Lectures/JohnYounger/MycArt06.html (623 words)

	SRP: Roosevelt Dam
		The dam turned the Arizona desert into land that could be farmed.
		Once the world's tallest masonry dam, this structure is named after President Theodore Roosevelt, who was instrumental in approval of the Federal Reclamation Act of 1902, and who dedicated the original dam in March 1911.
		Roosevelt Dam is unique in the way it was originally constructed.
	www.srpnet.com /water/dams/roosevelt.aspx (232 words)

	2. 18 Mycenaean Art
		Within the walls however the buildings were painted and adorned with art much like the Minoan palace at Knossos.
		A study of the palace of Mycenae reveals its defensive position and plan, as well as its Cyclopean masonry.
		This royal tomb was constructed using Cyclopean masonry (note the huge lintel over the doorway) and is approached by a long passageway or
	www.flvs.net /_students/showcase_flvs/art/apart/module02/lesmod2/02_18.htm (1314 words)

	cyclopean - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Cyclopean : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Cyclopean : Columbia Encyclopedia, Six Edition [home, info]
		Phrases that include cyclopean: cyclopean masonry, cyclopean aggregate, cyclopean concrete, cyclopean isles, cyclopean separation
	www.onelook.com /?w=cyclopean&loc=resrd (212 words)

	Slides for lecture of January 9, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Postern gate in citadel of Mycenae, constructed in ashlar masonry
		View of walls, towers, and main entrance to the citadel of Mycenae, constructed of ashlar masonry; constructed 1400-1300 BC Side wall and threshold block of the so-called "Lion Gate", showing cuttings for wooden door
		Sally port in citadel wall constructed of Cyclopean masonry
	classics.ucdavis.edu /AHI175/20030109.html (370 words)

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