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Topic: Cycloplegic

In the News (Wed 23 Dec 09)

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Mickey Rourke

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Hugh Jackman

	Mydriatic-cycloplegic drugs and corticosteroids
		Similarly, tropicamide is not normally used for cycloplegic refraction as the cycloplegia obtained with this drug is incomplete.
		Cyclopentolate and homatropine are less useful because of their cycloplegic effect and prolonged duration of action, and atropine is far too long-acting to be used as a mydriatic.
		Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is an inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva caused by an allergic reaction to the cell wall antigens of an infecting organism, usually staphylococci.
	www.pjonline.com /Editorial/19991204/education/eyedisorders3.html (3885 words)

	Module 4 Section 1
		Fogging is also used to control accommodation during a cycloplegic refraction because cycloplegia may be incomplete, leaving the patient with a degree of accommodative control.
		Cycloplegics paralyze the sphincter muscle of the iris (causing dilation) and paralyze the ciliary muscle (suspending accommodation).
		When performing a cycloplegic refraction, be aware that there is the occasional patient who will not refract to the same visual acuity that you arrived at during the manifest refraction.
	www.eyetec.net /ce/M4S1.htm (1246 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Little evidence for an epidemic of myopia in Australian primary school children over the ...
		Cycloplegic retinoscopy was not undertaken for many reasons including the fact that VEC studies started prior to the 2000 convention suggesting use of cycloplegic retinoscopy for studies of refractive error prevalence [11].
		A cycloplegic agent is typically proposed as the gold standard [3,43,44] in the belief that it will eliminate ciliary muscle action or spasm, and thus unmask latent hyperopia or pseudomyopia.
		Thus, the use of a cycloplegic would be firstly predicted to lead to a decrease in the prevalence of myopia, and an increase in the prevalence of hyperopia.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2415/5/1 (4921 words)

	Experiments in Myopia - Greatest Blunder in the History of Eye Research?
		It is impossible that such a fact could have eluded generations of eye researchers, yet there is impressive evidence that this is indeed the case.
		There is no question that a cycloplegic will relax the ciliary, but it is wrongly assumed that the lens will then return to its unaccommodated state.
		That this is not the case is suggested by the behavior of the eye after a period of prolonged accommodation.
	aarcolin4.net /4.html (540 words)

	Eye Tests > Cycloplegic refraction -- EyeMDLink.com
		A cycloplegic refraction is the procedure whereby an individual's refractive error is determined while the muscles that control accommodation are paralyzed with dilating agents.
		Cycloplegia, or the temporary paralysis of the muscles controlling accommodation (focusing), is completed with eyedrop medications.
		This may sometimes be done in the office, although many ophthalmologists prefer to have the child's eyedrop medications applied at home 2 to 24 hours prior to the cycloplegic refraction depending on individual variables.
	www.eyemdlink.com /Test.asp?TestID=9 (150 words)

	Myopia Manual
		A comparison between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction showed that noncycloplegic measurements generally result in too high minus diopters.
		Cycloplegic agents cannot eliminate all these hysteresis (pseudomyopia) effects.
		- The omission of cycloplegic agents can contribute to the progression of myopia because the prescribed glasses can be too strong, which causes a further progression of myopia (see section 3.2 and 3.3).
	www.agingeye.net /myopia/1.11.php (1277 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		The child is asked to keep his or her eyes gently closed while the examiner sprays the cycloplegic agent on the child's eyelids.
		Cycloplegic retinoscopy is a valuable procedure for the first evaluation of preschoolers and when static retinoscopy yields unreliable results or professional judgment indicates otherwise.
		Cycloplegic refraction may be necessary in such conditions as strabismus, amblyopia, or significant hyperopia.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3548 (5712 words)

	Rajiv Anand, M.D. - Eye Tests - Cycloplegic refraction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A cycloplegic refraction is the procedure whereby an individual's refractive error is determined while the muscles that control accommodation are paralyzed with dilating agents.
		Cycloplegia, or the temporary paralysis of the muscles controlling accommodation (focusing), is completed with eyedrop medications.
		This may sometimes be done in the office, although many ophthalmologists prefer to have the child's eyedrop medications applied at home 2 to 24 hours prior to the cycloplegic refraction depending on individual variables.
	dranand.eyemdlink.com /Test.asp?TestID=9 (160 words)

	Coexistent hydrocephalus increases the risk of amblyopia in children with spinal dysraphism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was investigated whether the frequency of ophthalmic complications change according to the type of the spinal dysraphism and to coexisting hydrocephalus.
		Cycloplegic refraction was performed using a streak retinoscope in a semidark room, by an examiner at a distance of 0.75 meters.
		Cycloplegic autorefraction was carried out in children over 2 years old.
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/2004/NBD28404.htm (1940 words)

	Cole Eye Institute - Research Center
		The wavefront sphere term was highly correlated to manifest and cycloplegic sphere measurements (p<0.001), and wavefront cylinder axis was highly correlated to the cycloplegic axis (p=0.021).
		Topographic cylinder and axis were not strongly correlated to manifest, cycloplegic or wavefront refraction, but there was a statistically significant correlation between manifest axis and topographic axis (p=0.046).
		Manifest, cycloplegic refraction and topographical data were compared to wavefront refraction and higher order aberrations.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /eye/research/refractiveresearch.asp (1487 words)

	EyeWorld Magazine: May 2001
		When performing the cycloplegic refraction, the minimum minus power in the myope must be determined and the "push plus to blur" power in the hyperope.
		The manifest and cycloplegic refractions match within 0.5 D. "Any patient who deviates from these parameters is at risk of developing strabismic and binocular function problems," he said.
		He said, "During the cycloplegic refraction, although it is faster and easier on the patient to do the refraction with tropicamide, a full cycloplegic agent like Cyclogyl [cyclopentolate HCl, Alcon] should be used to avoid a problem."
	eyeworld.org /article.php?sid=1025&...+and+refractive+surgery (1195 words)

	Mydriatic-cycloplegic drugs
		This process also leads to prolongation of the cycloplegic effect, but for most antimuscarinic drugs this tends to happen to a smaller extent than for mydriasis, presumably because the ciliary muscle is relatively more distant from the drug depot in the iris.
		Furthermore, drug molecules released from the iris are being steadily washed into the anterior chamber by the continual tide of aqueous humour being secreted by the ciliary body, thus making their access to the ciliary muscle (to produce cycloplegia) more difficult.
		It is certainly not chosen for this use for its prolonged duration of action, and parents of patients undergoing cycloplegic refraction with atropine must be counselled that the adverse effects of the drug on the child's vision can last for up to two weeks after the test.
	www.pjonline.com /Editorial/20000122/letters/wilson.html (775 words)

	Use of mydriatic-cycloplegic drugs
		The anticholinergics also have a cycloplegic effect: they block the cholinergic receptors on the ciliary muscle, thus paralysing this muscle.
		Indeed the first choice cycloplegic in most hospital eye departments is also cyclopentolate 1 per cent.
		Unfortunately, on first instilling any of the cycloplegics into the eyes, they cause a stinging sensation for up to about l minute, which is not ideal in young children.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/20000129/letters/elton.html (583 words)

	cycloplegic - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 7 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word cycloplegic:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "cycloplegic" is defined.
		cycloplegic : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=cycloplegic (94 words)

	Effect of mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy
		The objective of this study is to evaluate, by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy, the anterior segment of the eye of the patient with chronic simple glaucoma and nonglaucomatous eyes after mydriatic and cycloplegic instillation.
		An increase in the anterior chamber depth was observed by the UBM technique after the use of mydriatics and cycloplegics in groups G and NG, corroborating the findings of the literature 8.
		Regarding the iris-lens contact, the response to the use of mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs was greater after the use of 1% tropicamide plus 10% phenylephrine chlorydrate in both groups (C2).
	www.abonet.com.br /abo/abo63411.htm (2049 words)

	Eyedrops during your exam
		A cycloplegic eye examination enables the doctor to determine the true vision correction of the eye by knocking out the focus mechanism of the eye.
		Cycloplegics paralyze the accomodation, or focusing of the eye in these children.
		Adults who are undergoing laser refractive surgery also must have a cycloplegic refraction to determine the correction necessary to programming the laser for accuracy.
	www.youreyesite.com /eyedrops.htm (528 words)

	Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern - Care Process (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The validity of the diagnosis is reassessed and care is taken to exclude other potential causes of decreased vision (e.g., optic nerve anomaly, maculopathy) by checking for a relative afferent pupillary defect, repeating the fundus examination and, when indicated, conducting further studies.
		For school-age children, the shorter-acting cycloplegics can be used after school and once or twice a day on weekends to prevent difficulty with reading at school.
		Cycloplegic refraction, at least yearly; 4- to 6-month intervals may be necessary.
	www.aao.org /aao/education/library/ppp/amblyopia/care.cfm (5590 words)

	Topical Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Spray for Chinese Children
		To assess the efficacy and tolerance of mydriatic and cycloplegic spray versus drops for Chinese children.
		The spray appeared to be slightly more effective than the drops, with a mean difference of 0.3 mm that was statistically significant (P =.001, two-tailed t test).
		No statistically significant difference in cycloplegic response was found between the spray and the drops (P =.535, two-tailed t test).
	www.journalofpediatricophthalmology.com /showAbst.asp?thing=6584 (332 words)

	JRS: Repeatability and Validity of Astigmatism Measurements
		Noncycloplegic and cycloplegic measurements of refractive astigmatism were made by retinoscopy, subjective refraction, and autorefraction.
		Difference versus mean plots and the 95% limits of agreement of each technique determined the repeatability of a measurement and the agreement between the methods of measurement.
		The most reliable measure of astigmatic refractive error was cycloplegic autorefraction, with 95% limits of agreement of ±0.28 D, followed by noncycloplegic autorefraction (±0.35 D) and cycloplegic subjective refraction (±0.44 D).
	www.slackinc.com /eye/jrs/vol151/wall.htm (341 words)

	Cycloplegic Refraction
		Study also measured pupil diameter for comparison of mydriasis with cycloplegic effects
		The temptation is to instill more cycloplegic drops if the pupil is small - but this can lead to over medication
		Retinoscopy and refraction under cycloplegic is less accurate
	www.nova.edu /hpd/otm/otm-d/cycloref.html (451 words)

	About Amblyopia -- What is Lazy Eye? Blindness in One Eye, Not the Same as Strabismus
		The most important diagnostic tools are the special visual acuity tests other than the standard 20/20 letter charts currently used by schools, pediatricians and eye doctors.
		Examination with cycloplegic drops can be necessary to detect this condition in the young.
		Early treatment is usually simple, employing glasses, drops, vision therapy, and/or eye patching.
	www.strabismus.org /amblyopia_lazy_eye.html (883 words)

	Publication Abstracts- Aerospace Medical Association
		Before this study, all cycloplegic examinations performed at any site were repeated at the Naval Operational Medicine Institute (NOMI), Pensacola, FL, on all student naval aviator (SNA) candidates to assess for latent hyperopia which exceeded established limits for entry into training.
		The standard deviation between the first and the second cycloplegic examination was computed to be less than 0.50 diopters in any meridian.
		Conclusion: The cycloplegic examination of SNA candidates need only be repeated if the first cycloplegic examination is outside the SNA limit or within two standard deviations of the SNA limit.
	www.asma.org /journal/abstracts/v72n9/v72n9p839.html (322 words)

	THE MYOPIA MYTH: Toxic Dilating Drugs
		Cycloplegics such as atropine are drugs that paralyze the ciliary muscle temporarily and also cause the pupil to dilate.
		The function of accommodation is not completely suspended by a cycloplegic agent, and varying degrees of residual accommodation through a cycloplegic examination has often led to a conclusion that cycloplegics decrease the effective dioptric power of the crystalline lens and consequently reveal increased hypermetropia.
		Both right and left eye ocular component values determined in the non-cycloplegic state were shown to have significantly higher validity than those for the cycloplegic state.
	www.myopia.org /dilatingdrugs.htm (1116 words)

	Eye.com.ph \| Cycloplegic Refraction
		However, children with dark irides like Asians are not as responsive as Caucasian children to the cycloplegic action of the first two agents.
		The stinging sensation is diminished by the application of a drop of anaesthetic prior to the application of the cycloplegic agent.
		Therefore, the child’s weight and age are important considerations in the choice of atropine concentration or dose for cycloplegic refraction.
	www.eye.com.ph /cycloplegic_refraction1.htm (576 words)

	Abstracts
		They received complete ophthalmic evaluations including assessment of visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, ocular motility assessment, and dilated fundus examination.
		The other two children with gross measures of acuity and the one child without visual acuity assessment had cycloplegic refractions of +1.25 to +1.5 and ocular motility appeared normal.
		In addition to evaluating the ocular motility of children with fragile X syndrome, cycloplegic refraction should also be performed in order to rule out refractive problems.
	www.fpg.unc.edu /~FX/Pages/abhatton3.htm (341 words)

	bsc
		Results strongly indicate, that the OEP no. 7A procedure is very solid and stable and is not influenced by the amount of plusacceptance at near at least from 1.25 Diopter or less.
		For the purpose of comparing the overall refractive results all values were converted to the spherical equivalent value by the following method: All astigmatism was measured and recorded in minus-cylinder notation and half of the cylinders amount was subtracted from plussphere values or added to minussphere values.
		The correlation coefficient between the OEP no. 7A procedure and cycloplegic refraction states that 96,8 % of variation in one of the procedures can be explained by the other.
	www.privatsyn.dk /bsc.htm (2060 words)

	Contact Lens Spectrum
		Cycloplegic side effects with these drugs are usually mild, but the impact on each patient's quality of life will vary.
		Some patients may require plus lenses to address the cycloplegic effects of long-term drug therapy.
		Differentiating between physiological changes vs. pharmaceutical side effects is a process that is pertinent to all patient care.
	www.clspectrum.com /article.aspx?article=12376 (483 words)

	Review of Ophthalmology
		I personally believe that all infants in my office deserve cycloplegic retinoscopy as a means of detecting unsuspected refractive errors.
		I’ll also give the full cycloplegic refraction less 2 D if the infant has poor visual function for his age or an anomalous head position and orthophoria.
		I suspect an accommodative component if the hyperopia is +2.50 D or higher and the esotropia seems to vary with visual interest.
	www.revophth.com /index.asp?page=1_13.htm (1880 words)

	View Study [NEI Clinical Studies]
		The primary outcome of the study is progression of myopia, defined as the magnitude of the change relative to baseline in spherical equivalent refraction, determined by cycloplegic autorefraction.
		Mean residual accommodation measured twenty minutes after instillation of two drops of tropicamide (1 percent) was found to be small (0.38D in the right eye and 0.30D in the left eye).
		Baseline mean (± sd) cycloplegic refractive correction in COMET children is -2.38 D (± 0.81) in the right eye and -2.40 D (± 0.82) in the left eye.
	www.nei.nih.gov /neitrials/viewStudyWeb.aspx?id=9 (1053 words)

	Clinical Trial: Comparative Study of Cycloplegic Refraction and Subjective Refraction With Fogging in School Age ...
		Tropicamide is another widely used cycloplegic agent and is available in 0.5% and 1% concentrations.
		This will be a prospective clinical audit/survey involving children between the ages of 4 years and 13 years who attend the paediatric ophthalmology clinics in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital as well as the Singapore National Eye Centre.
		A survey of children between the ages of 4 and 13 years who have had refraction with both these techniques will be undertaken and the difference in spherical error between the 2 techniques will be recorded for each child.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00347347?order=13 (451 words)

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