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Topic: Cyclopropane

Related Topics

Cyclopentane

Cyclobutane

Cycloalkane

Cyclohexane

Alkene

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Alkyl

Alkyne

Glycerine

Hygroscopic

	Walsh Cyclopropane Molecular Orbitals
		Walsh Cyclopropane is a common topic in upper-level organic chemistry courses, particularly those taught by chemists who (like me) are fascinated by interesting ways of describing bonds.
		Cyclopropane shows properties and reactivity consistent with π-type conjugation with neighboring carbocations and radicals.
		The C-H force constants in cyclopropane are consistent with Walsh's assumption of sp
	www.bluffton.edu /~bergerd/chem/walsh/cp.html (155 words)

	Cyclopropane - Drug information from Medic8.com
		Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6 consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms.
		Explosions of cyclopropane and oxygen are even more powerful, because the energy released by the formation of normal propane is compounded by the energy released via the oxidation of the carbon and hydrogen present.
		Cyclopropanes are a class of organic compounds sharing the common cyclopropyl functional group.
	www.medic8.com /medicines/Cyclopropane.html (559 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cyclopropane
		Cyclopropanes taken to the extreme are tetrahedranes and propellanes.
		Cyclopropane is an anaesthetic when inhaled, but has been superseded by other agents in modern anaesthetic practice.
		Cyclopropanes are a class of organic compounds sharing the common cyclopropane ring, in which one or more hydrogens may be substituted.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cyclopropane (822 words)

	cyclopropane - Encyclopedia.com
		Cyclopropane is prepared commercially by the reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with zinc.
		It is not irritating to the respiratory tract.
		Because of the low solubility of cyclopropane in the blood, postoperative recovery was usually rapid but nausea and vomiting were common.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:cyclopro (992 words)

	Natural alicyclic fatty acids, cyclopropane, cyclopropene, cycplopentene - structure, composition, analysis, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cyclopropane fatty acids are occasionally reported from marine animals, and some at least are produced by the animals themselves, although others may be synthesised by symbiotic bacteria.
		The cyclopropane ring is also opened under relatively mild conditions by reaction with bromine, mercuric acetate, or with acidic reagents, and especially boron trifluoride-methanol.
		The first step in the biosynthesis of the cyclopropane ring in a fatty acid is similar to that for certain methyl-branched fatty acids, and involves addition of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (which is converted to S-adenosylhomocysteine in the process) to the double bond.
	www.lipidlibrary.co.uk /Lipids/fa_cycl (2054 words)

	Molecule of the Day : Cyclopropane (Triangle alkane)
		Cyclopropane is another markedly strained ring (the smallest simple ring geometrically possible, really):
		No idea if the conditions were realistic, but at least the authors get some creativity points.
		Some have invoked the colorfully named banana bond theory to explain bonding in cyclopropanes.
	scienceblogs.com /moleculeoftheday/2006/11/cyclopropane_triangle_alkane.php (319 words)

	CYCLOPROPANE RING STRAIN
		The estimated total ring strain in cyclopropane is 28 kcal/mol (from heats of combustion measurements).
		Since the total ring strain in cyclopropane is about 28 kcal/mol, it is evident that the major part of the ring strain must arise from another factor.
		Angle strain in cyclopropane arises from the circumstance that the C-C-C angle is forced to be 60 degrees (that of an equilateral triangle), about 49 degrees less than the ideal angle for the strongest C-C bond (the strain angle is ca.
	research.cm.utexas.edu /nbauld/teach/cycloprop.html (534 words)

	Cyclopropane (Site not responding. Last check: )
		pecial precautions are stressed for cyclopropane, not because they are uniquely required for this drug, but because failure to observe them is apt to result in the more rapid occurrence of disaster for the patient.
		Our experience has been that residents trained to administer good, safe cyclopropane anesthesia according to the principles enunciated usually are much more attentive to details with other techniques.
		Constant observation of the patient and the progress of the surgery is also necessary, if good cyclopropane anesthesia is to result.
	www.general-anaesthesia.com /cyclopropane.html (352 words)

	Gas Phase Atomic Hydrogen Induced Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation in Cyclopropane on the Ni(100) Surface
		Carbon-carbon bond activation in adsorbed cyclopropane is observed following exposure to gas phase atomic hydrogen on the Ni(100) surface for temperatures as low as 100 K. Exposure to either gas phase atomic hydrogen or deuterium results in formation of adsorbed propyl.
		The vibrational spectrum of adsorbed cyclopropane indicates weak interaction with the Ni(100) surface at 100 K. This weak interaction results in molecular cyclopropane desorption at 123 K with only a small amount of dehydrogenation.
		A detailed potential energy diagram for the reactions of adsorbed cyclopropane on the Ni(100) surface is developed based on results from these experiments and the literature.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/jacsat/118/i43/abs/ja9603923.html (364 words)

	Banana bond Information
		In this molecule the carbon bond angles are 96° for the planar conformation and 88° for the puckered one.
		Contrary to cyclopropane the CC bond lengths actually increase and not decrease and this is mainly due to 1,3-nonbonded steric repulsions.
		For cyclopropane, the banana bond model continues to have support despite the emergence of other theories such as Walsh orbitals, which aimed to do a better job fitting molecular orbital theory in light of spectroscopic evidence and group symmetry arguments.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Banana_bond (476 words)

	cyclopropane — FactMonster.com
		Cyclopropane is prepared commercially by the reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with zinc.
		It is not irritating to the respiratory tract.
		Because of the low solubility of cyclopropane in the blood, postoperative recovery was usually rapid but nausea and vomiting were common.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0814397.html (112 words)

	Faculty Research - Booker
		CFA synthase catalyzes the cyclopropanation of cis double bonds in acyl chains of phospholipid bilayer unsaturated fatty acids.
		The biosynthesis of these phospholipid cyclopropane rings occurs as E. coli enter stationary phase; however, the precise role for the modification is unknown.
		Although the mechanism of enzymatic methyl transfer is straightforward, enzymatic methylene transfer to form a cyclopropane ring is mechanistically challenging, and suggests novel chemistry, or "interesting" high-energy intermediates.
	www.bmb.psu.edu /faculty/booker/booker.html (889 words)

	Alkane Reactivity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The alkanes and cycloalkanes, with the exception of cyclopropane, are probably the least chemically reactive class of organic compounds.
		Changes in chemical reactivity as a consequence of angle strain are dramatic in the case of cyclopropane, and are also evident for cyclobutane.
		The cyclopropane reactions are additions, many of which are initiated by electrophilic attack.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/funcrx1.htm (1653 words)

	cyclic alkanes
		The simplest cycloalkane with three carbon atoms joined in a ring is cyclopropane.
		Cyclopropane can be represented as a line-bond structure showing all the carbon and hydrogen atoms or as a triangle.
		In this geometric representation, each corner of the figure represents a carbon atom and the hydrogens needed to form the four bonds to each carbon are omitted for clarity.
	people.uis.edu /gtram1/organic/alkanes/cyclicalkanes.htm (1273 words)

	General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Gases: How can I find the molecular formula of a gas from experimental data?
		A mixture of cyclopropane gas and oxygen is used in an anaesthetic.
		Cyclopropane contains 85.7% C, and 14.3% H by mass.
		At 50.0 C and 0.984 atm pressure 1.56g cyclopropane has a volume of 1 L. What is the empirical and molecular formula of the cyclopropane?
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/gases/faq/molecular-formula-cyclopropane.shtml (375 words)

	A Personal History of Anaesthesia. Chapter 4. CYCLOPROPANE
		In the next chapter he described how he had first tried using a six litre rubber bag filled with 50% cyclopropane and 50% oxygen for a dental extraction in a large muscular man of 45 years, who was ‘accustomed to considerable amounts of alcohol’, and how well it had worked.
		He had also studied the flammability of cyclopropane; apparently it was possible for sparks to be caused by forceps slipping on a tooth.
		One of the former was the extensive use of cyclopropane in the gynae theatre.
	www.johnpowell.net /gasman/4cyclo.htm (9936 words)

	Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls host innate immune activation through cyclopropane modification of a glycolipid ...
		A novel mycolic acid cyclopropane synthetase is required for cording, persistence, and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
		Membrane cyclopropane fatty acid content is a major factor in acid resistance of Escherichia coli.
		Glickman, M.S. The mmaA2 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes the distal cyclopropane synthase of the alpha-mycolic acid.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/201/4/535 (5893 words)

	Deconstructing Molecules: Cipro
		Here is a 3D view of cyclopropane itself with one H atom shaded blue to indicate the position on the cyclopropane ring that, when this H is removed, bonds to
		The cyclopropane molecule is a ring of three carbon atoms, each bonded to the other two through
		One says that cyclopropane is "highly strained" because the C–C–C bond angles are so small.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~genchem/0102/spring/6winn/cipro.html (1136 words)

	Orbital Diagrams for Simple Molecules
		Note how the localised orbital in methane lies along the axis of the C-H bond, whereas the localised orbital in cyclopropane does not lie along the axis of the C-C bond, but is bent outside it (the banana shape, although in fact its more triangular than banana shape).
		Ethen and cyclopropane are classified as alkene and alkane respectively, but the latter is often regarded as having properties associated with the former.
		The Anti-bonding X-Y Molecular Orbital (LUMO) along the series XH Nucleophilic attack on haloalkanes is often presented in terms of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the nucleophile interacting with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electrophile.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/organic/tutorial/orbital/index.html (451 words)

	[No title]
		This "optimum" bond angle is sometimes impossible due to the strains in a molecular structure.
		For example, the C-C-C bond angle in cyclopropane ("live" structure is shown below) is only 60°, with a 49° deviation from the normal tetrahedral angle of 109°.
		This causes the energy of cyclopropane to increase, and the extra energy is attributed to the
	www.uwosh.edu /faculty_staff/xie/tutorial/cycloalkane_conf.htm (481 words)

	The formation of cyclopropane fatty acids in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium -- Kim et al. 151 (1): 209 -- ...
		Cloning and manipulation of the Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene: physiological aspects of enzyme overproduction.
		Jungkind, D. and Wood, R. Physiological differences between cyclopropane fatty acid-deficient mutants and the parent strain of Streptococcus faecalis.
		Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase of Escherichia coli: deduced amino acid sequence, purification, and studies of the enzyme active site.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/1/209 (4641 words)

	Novel cyclopropane carboxylates - Patent 4925874
		A compound of claim 1 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR57## wherein W is hydrogen, methyl or methoxy.
		to a solution of 9.9 g of 1,1-dimethylethyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-keto-(1R, 3.alpha.-) cyclopropane carboxylate in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran and then 6.05 g of potassium tertbutylate and 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added at -60.degree.
		The organic phase was washed with water, dried on sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 860 mg of [1R-[1.alpha.-, 3.alpha.-(RS,RS)]] 2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-trifluoromethyl-2-bromo-2-chloro-1-methylsulfonylethyl]- cyclopropane carboxylic acid melting at 138.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4925874.html (6835 words)

	CRISP - Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, Abstract Display
		In addition, we have established that deletion of individual cyclopropane synthetases has dramatic effects on the pathogenesis of Mtb infection in mice, including alterations in the host immune response and consequent tissue destruction.
		To further study the role of mycolic acid cyclopropanation in Mtb pathogenesis, we have generated a set of cyclopropane synthetase mutants through allelic exchange.
		We will study the mechanism by which cyclopropanated mycolic acids affect pathogenesis by characterizing the Trehalose Dimycolate (TDM) from the mutant strains and examining the role of innate immunity in the recognition of cyclopropane deficient mycolic acids.
	crisp.cit.nih.gov /crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6689672&p_grant_num=1R01AI053417-01A1&p_query=&ticket=4256869&p_audit_session_id=19040047&p_keywords= (348 words)

	Cyclopropane ring formation in membrane lipids of bacteria -- Grogan and Cronan 61 (4): 429 -- Microbiology and ...
		Munoz-Rojas, J., Bernal, P., Duque, E., Godoy, P., Segura, A., Ramos, J.-L. Involvement of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in the Response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to Freeze-Drying.
		Metabolic Instability of Escherichia coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Is Due to RpoH-Dependent Proteolysis.
		Effect of ppGpp on Escherichia coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthesis Is Mediated through the RpoS Sigma Factor (sigma S).
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/4/429 (1029 words)

	[No title]
		Cyclopropanation may contribute to the structural integrity of the cell wall complex [1].
		George K.M. Yuan Y. Sherman D.R. Barry C.E. The biosynthesis of cyclopropanated mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
		Huang C.C. Smith C.V. Glickman M.S. Jacobs Jr W.R. Sacchettini J.C. Crystal structures of mycolic acid cyclopropane synthases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/DisplayIproEntry?ac=IPR003333&format=nomenu (233 words)

	Effect of ppGpp on Escherichia coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthesis Is Mediated through the RpoS Sigma Factor (sigma ...
		Strains of Escherichia coli carrying mutations at the relA locus are deficient in cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) synthesis,
		Munoz-Rojas, J., Bernal, P., Duque, E., Godoy, P., Segura, A., Ramos, J.-L. Involvement of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in the Response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to Freeze-Drying.
		Metabolic Instability of Escherichia coli Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Is Due to RpoH-Dependent Proteolysis.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/181/2/572 (480 words)

	Expression of a Cloned Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Reduces Solvent Formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ...
		Expression of a Cloned Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Reduces Solvent Formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 -- Zhao et al.
		The cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene (cfa) of Clostridium
		cyclopropane mycolic acid synthases (25) (data not shown).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/5/2831 (5389 words)

	Modulation of GABAA Receptor Function by Nonhalogenated Alkane Anesthetics: The Effects on Agonist Enhancement, Direct ...
		of isoflurane, cyclopropane, and butane are 15 mM, 10.6 mM,
		The dotted line is an exponential fit of the current decay (desensitization) that occurs upon prolonged agonist exposure.
		No IC s were determined for cyclopropane or butane because they failed to inhibit at any concentration.
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/full/96/1/112 (3116 words)

	Separation and characterization of individual mycolic acids in representative mycobacteria -- Watanabe et al. 147 (7): ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		cyclopropane rings in mycolates tended to affect the elution
		cyclopropane rings were similar for strains of the same species.
		The mmaA2 Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Encodes the Distal Cyclopropane Synthase of the alpha -Mycolic Acid
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/7/1825 (4280 words)

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