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Topic: Cyclosarin

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	Cyclosarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the world's most dangerous weapons of war.
		At room temperature, cyclosarin is a colorless liquid whose odor has been variously described as sweet and musty, and resembling peaches or shellac.
		Cyclosarin was first synthesized during World War II as part of the systematic study of organophosphates undertaken by the Germans after their potential military utility was identified.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyclosarin (650 words)

	Polite Dissent » Drugs in Recent Comics: Real and Imagined: comics, medicine, and medical comics
		Cyclosarin (also known as GF) is a real world nerve agent — or “weapon of mass destruction” if you prefer.
		Cyclosarin is more stable than Sarin, but it has some drawbacks.
		Cyclosarin occurs only as a liquid and does not vaporize easily so it cannot be used as a gas.
	politedissent.com /archives/1223 (648 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		You're looking, there, at some descriptions of what cyclosarin is, chemical agent, some of the symptoms.
		Cyclosarin is even more powerful, even more dangerous.
		So what they would do is they would have rockets that were full, or missiles that were full of alcohol, and then they would put the cyclosarin in there, and when it would mix with the alcohol, then it was active.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0304/27/sm.19.html (437 words)

	Nerve agents
		Cyclosarin studies show it is hydrolyzed to a similar analog with a half-life of 9.9 hours.
		The recognition of possible mixed use of sarin and cyclosarin prompted study of their combined toxicity; animals did not show unique toxicity, and therapy with standard measures was satisfactory (Clement, 1994).
		Of the 1,406 volunteers, 246 were exposed to sarin, 740 to VX, 26 to tabun, 21 to cyclosarin, 83 to soman, 11 to DFP, 32 to EA3148, 27 to PB, and 10 to malathion.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR1018.5/MR1018.5.chap5.html (19048 words)

	Section XVIII
		The plume to which forces possibly were exposed consisted of sarin and cyclosarin.
		Cyclosarin’s mechanism of action is similar to sarin’s, that is, AChE inhibition (Clement, 1994; Gray and Dawson, 1987; Koplovitz et al., 1996; Hill and Thomas, 1969; Coleman et al., 1968).
		When inhaled, cyclosarin reportedly is less toxic than GB in rats and mice, similarly toxic in rabbits, and 6 to 12 times less toxic than soman in non-human primates (Clement, 1991, 1994; Koplovits, 1996; Coleman et al., 1968; DHHS, 1987).
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /khamisiyah_tech/kham_tech_s18.htm (4058 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Troops 'foil Iraq nerve gas bid'
		But the US military said that while two of the rockets tested positive for sarin, traces of the agent were so small and deteriorated as to be virtually harmless.
		The former Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein produced cyclosarin in the 1980s to fight Iran but was bound by UN resolutions following the 1991 Gulf War to destroy stocks and cease production.
		However, inconclusive searches by inspectors led the US to accuse Saddam Hussein of failing to surrender chemical and biological weapons and were cited as one of the reasons for the US-led invasion in 2003.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3861197.stm (468 words)

	Nerve Agent: GF
		Tests on mice indicated that GB-GF mixtures have a toxicity intermediate between the toxicities of GB and GF; thus, there appear to be no synergistic effects producing enhanced or unexpected toxic effects that would require any change in treatment protocols for those exposed to a mixture.
		Cyclosarin was probably first synthesized during World War II as part of the systematic study of organophosphates undertaken by the Germans after their potential military utility was identified.
		As with most issues surrounding the Iraqi chemical weopons programs, the basis for their decision to produce GF is somewhat unclear.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Chemical/Nerve/GF.shtml (1025 words)

	GULF WAR update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sarin and cyclosarin, the chemical agents found at Khamisiyah, have never been shown to cause cancer, even in laboratory animals.
		The levels of sarin and cyclosarin to which soldiers may have been exposed were extremely low.
		The short latency period of much less than 10 years in this study runs contrary to the usual time period for the development of solid tumors, which tend to be 15 to 20 years.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /news/dquarterly/winter06/gulf_war_update.htm (729 words)

	[No title]
		analysis confirmed that chemical agent GB-GF, cyclosarin, was found in the shells," the Polish-led unit of the multinational force in Iraq said in a statement on Friday.
		Terrorists may have been close to obtaining munitions containing the deadly nerve agent cyclosarin that Polish soldiers recovered last month in Iraq, the head of Poland's military intelligence said Friday.
		US experts carried out tests on the warheads, which indicated the presence of cyclosarin and mustard gas.
	www.atsnn.com /article/63562 (2650 words)

	More WMDs found in Iraq [Archive] - SpaceBattles.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cyclosarin would almost certainly still be in usable condition, even from back then.
		Interestingly though, cyclosarin was pretty high-end for the stuff he was developing.
		The cyclosarin Iraq produced was at least 60% pure, is five times more toxic than normal sarin, and if used properly...
	kier.3dfrontier.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-67700.html (2354 words)

	CNN.com - Initial tests of Iraqi chemicals show nerve agent - Apr. 27, 2003
		Three tests, including one that used a highly sensitive mass spectrometer, indicated the presence of the nerve agent cyclosarin and an unspecified blister agent in a stash of 55-gallon drums, the officer said.
		The unit also found what it said were a number of surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missiles about 50 yards away, and about 150 gas masks of a higher quality than others left behind by retreating Iraqi troops.
		Baghdad also had said it destroyed remaining stocks of its chemical and biological weapons as was required under the terms of the cease-fire that ended the Persian Gulf War in 1991.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/meast/04/27/sprj.irq.chemicals/index.html (425 words)

	::Cyclosarin - The Official Site::
		After a photo shoot yesterday at Woodham's Radar Hill, Cyclosarin are pleased to unveil their kick ass new pictures.
		Now you can be a part of the Cyclosarin family in two ways, by adding our myspace and commenting and such, and now by joining our message board.
		If, somehow, you managed not to notice, the official Cyclosarin website is here (yes you're looking at it fool!) at www.cyclosarin.co.uk, and also at www.cyclosarinband.com.
	www.cyclosarin.co.uk (150 words)

	Poles find artillery shells with sarin in Iraq \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The threat of weapons of mass destruction possessed by Saddam Hussein's now-toppled regime was the main justification used by Washington to go to war against Iraq last year, but U.S.-led forces have found only small numbers of banned weapons.
		"Tests conducted showed that there was cyclosarin in the rocket heads," Gen. Marek Dukaczewski, head of army intelligence, told reporters.
		In Baghdad, the U.S. military issued a statement saying two 122 mm rockets found by Polish forces had tested positive for sarin gas and confirmed that they were left over from the Iran-Iraq war, but said they posed little danger.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/28546 (361 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Chemical munitions found by Polish soldiers were being pursued by terrorists
		WARSAW, Poland – Terrorists may have been close to obtaining munitions containing the deadly nerve agent cyclosarin that Polish soldiers recovered last month in Iraq, the head of Poland's military intelligence said Friday.
		Polish troops had been searching for munitions as part of their regular mission in south-central Iraq when they were told by an informant in May that terrorists had made a bid to buy the chemical weapons, which date back to Saddam Hussein's war with Iran in the 1980s, Gen. Marek Dukaczewski told reporters in Warsaw.
		At the time, officials stopped short of claiming the munition was definite evidence of a large weapons stockpile in prewar Iraq or evidence of recent production by Saddam's regime.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20040702-0718-poland-iraq-sarin.html (405 words)

	MITRE - Our Work - Technical Papers - 2005 Technical Papers - Cyclosarin Exposure Detection Via Microarray Data Analysis
		The purpose of this work is to establish feasibility of cyclosarin exposure detection via microarray data analysis and to evaluate the sensitivity of several detection methods to exposure level.
		First, we test the methods on the Golub leukemia data, and then we apply the methods to multilevel cyclosarin exposure data.
		Initial results of the investigation suggest that relatively low error rates in detection of a low dose sarin exposure can be obtained using either Bayes classifier, neural networks, or simple class signature matching.
	www.mitre.org /work/tech_papers/tech_papers_05/05_0269/index.html (153 words)

	USATODAY.com - Poland: Troops beat terrorist to chemical munitions in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		WARSAW, Poland (AP) — Terrorists may have been close to obtaining munitions containing the deadly nerve agent cyclosarin that Polish soldiers recovered last month in Iraq, the head of Poland's military intelligence said Friday.
		Dukaczewski refused to give any further details about the terrorists or the sellers of the munitions, saying only that his troops thwarted terrorists by purchasing the 17 rockets for a Soviet-era launcher and two mortar rounds containing the nerve agent for an undisclosed sum June 23.
		But the U.S. military statement said: "Due to the deteriorated state of the rounds, and small quantity of remaining agent, these rounds were determined to have limited to no impact if used by insurgents against coalition forces."
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-07-02-poland-iraq_x.htm (487 words)

	Iraq War, Iraq WMD - CDI Russia Weekly #250
		In addition, the coalition could find mustard gas, tabun, sarin, cyclosarin and VX gas.
		It makes no sense trying to guess which substance exactly the US-led troops will find in Iraq, but cyclosarin and VX gas are the most difficult to produce, and therefore to falsify.
		The Americans will probably not search for a means of delivery for poisonous substances, like artillery shells or aircraft bombs, as it is easier to declare that the WMDs were produced for terrorist purposes.
	www.cdi.org /russia/250-5.cfm (1107 words)

	Chemical Munitions Found by Polish Soldiers in Iraq Date Back to 1980s
		WARSAW, Poland (AP) - Warheads believed to contain the deadly nerve agent cyclosarin that were found by Polish troops in Iraq date back to Saddam Hussein's war with Iran in the 1980s, authorities said Friday.
		Robert Strzelecki, a spokesman for the Polish-led force, in a telephone interview from Iraq.
		"Laboratory tests showed the presence in them of cyclosarin, a very toxic gas, five times stronger than sarin and five times more durable," multinational force commander Gen. Mieczyslaw Bieniek told Poland's TVN24 at the force's Camp Babylon headquarters.
	www.prisonplanet.tv /articles/july2004/070204dateback.htm (269 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Iraqi Terrorists Almost Snatched Chemical Warheads by Monika Scislowska
		Polish troops had been searching for munitions as part of their regular mission in south-central Iraq when they were told by an informant in
		The warheads all contained cyclosarin, multinational force commander Polish Gen. Mieczyslaw Bieniek said.
		"Laboratory tests showed the presence in them of cyclosarin, a very toxic gas, five times stronger than sarin and five times more durable," Bieniek told Poland's TVN24 at the force's Camp Babylon headquarters.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=14105 (338 words)

	Some US forces may have been exposed to nerve gas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Pentagon released its report after an investigation on whether the strike on the weapons site at Muhammadiyat, Iraq, exposed large numbers of U.S. troops to nerve gas and other chemical warfare agents.
		Bombs filled with mustard agents and the nerve agents sarin and cyclosarin were found at the bombing site after the 1991 war.
		Using U.N. reports, declarations by Iraq and other sources, Pentagon investigators determined it was likely that the bombing released 180 kg (397 pounds) of a mixture of sarin and cyclosarin, the Pentagon said in its report.
	home.att.net /~vet_updates/expdgas.htm (663 words)

	Gulf War Veterans Notified Of Health Risk
		The Defense Department is again sending letters to thousands of Gulf War veterans exposed to low levels of chemical agents contained in munitions destroyed at a weapons depot in Khamisiyah, Iraq, in March 1991.
		A study released this week by the Institute of Medicine concluded that veterans possibly exposed to sarin and cyclosarin in that area appear to have a higher risk for brain cancer death than veterans who were not exposed.
		However, the study's authors said more research is needed to confirm their findings.
	www.military.com /MilitaryReport/0,12914,74525,00.html?ESRC=vr.nl (186 words)

	Health Effects in Army Gulf War Veterans Possibly Exposed to Chemical Munitions Destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq: Part ...
		In March 1991, U.S. troops detonated the Khamisiyah, Iraq, ammunition depot, possibly releasing two chemical warfare agents, sarin and cyclosarin.
		Responses to 86 self-assessed health measures, as reported in the 1995 Department of Veterans Affairs National Health Survey of Gulf War Era Veterans, were evaluated.
		We found little association between potential exposure and health, after adjustment for demographic variables, and conclude that potential exposure to sarin or cyclosarin at Khamisiyah does not seem to have adversely affected self-perceived health status, as evidenced by a wide range of health measures.
	www.iom.edu /?id=30985 (278 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		The test that I did confirmed -- or verified cyclosarin and detected mustard and an unknown agent.
		HEMMER: Tell us what cyclosarin is, how is it effective, and why is it one of the more feared devices in the world?
		PHIPPS: Cyclosarin is a nerve agent, and it's a non-persistent agent.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0304/28/ltm.15.html (509 words)

	NEWSARAMA.COM: GREG RUCKA ON THE GREAT TEN IN CHECKMATE
		Everybody in Checkmate has got a different agenda, so, ostensibly, the excuse for going to the facility in Hebei is to say, 'Okay, Kobra got a hold of a quantity of cyclosarin that was used in an attempted terrorist incident during the missing year.
		Having identified where it came from, Checkmate is going to try and figure out how it got out of there, because clearly, Kobra is arming itself with chemical weapons is a problem.
		Terrific realizes that if Kobra got cyclosarin out of that facility, Cobra has access to that technology as well - Cobra has penetrated the Chinese meta program, and that's bad for everybody involved.
	www.newsarama.com /dcnew/Checkmate/04/CheckTen.html (1576 words)

	Office of the Special Assistant for the Gulf War Illnesses (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The only cause of death with a dissimilar rate was brain cancer, although overall cancer deaths were similar for both groups.
		Study authors state in the report that "neither sarin nor cyclosarin are known carcinogens" and neither have been shown to cause cancer, including studies done on laboratory animals.
		Further investigation is necessary because sarin and cyclosarin have never been shown to cause cancer and this study only evaluated deaths during the first nine years after this possible exposure.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil.cob-web.org:8888 (354 words)

	What Defines WMD: Semantics, not weapons, prove elusive
		You can't expect the dictator of a totalitarian state to keep tabs on everything.
		Then, around the first of this July, the Polish army discovered sixteen warheads they said were filled with cyclosarin, a nerve agent closely related to sarin.
		A report released by the Coalition Press Information Center in Baghdad disagreed, saying instead that the munitions "were all empty and tested negative for any type of chemicals." The Poles stand by their story, which begs the question of what accounts for the tremendous disparity between the two tests.
	shinbone.home.att.net /wmd.htm (1512 words)

	CDC Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) \| COCA Conference Call Summaries and Slides: Nerve Agents ...
		Iraq reportedly used tabun and sarin and maybe cyclosarin in the Iraq/Iran war between 1984 and 1988
		It was used against soldiers, as well as civilians, and caused a lot of damage
		Cyclosarin or GF is rarely used–although it’s theorized that Iraq might have developed it
	www.bt.cdc.gov /coca/summaries/nerve-agents072004.asp (4157 words)

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