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Topic: Cylindrical projection

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	Cylindrical Map Projections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The normal aspect for cylindrical projections assumes that the cylinder is tangent to the globe along the Equator.
		Cylindrical stereographic projections are rarely used, although Gall's stereographic projection has been proposed as compromise projection having less distortion of distances than the cylindrical gnomonic projection and less distortion of shapes than the cylindrical orthographic projection.
		On this projection, parallels of latitude are equally spaced along meridians, the distance between parallels being equal to the arc length between parallels on the generating globe.
	www.fes.uwaterloo.ca /crs/geog165/cylproj.htm (1163 words)

	Map projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cylindrical projections map the whole Earth as a rectangle, except in the first two cases, where the rectangle stretches infinitely vertically while retaining constant width.
		Azimuthal projections have the property that directions from a central point are preserved (and hence, great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map).
		Some azimuthal projections are true perspective projections; that is, they can be constructed mechanically, projecting the surface of the Earth by extending lines from a points of perspective (along an infinite line through the tangent point and the tangent point's antipode) onto the plane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Map_projection (2443 words)

	Cartographic Projections
		Cylindrical projections are based upon the projection of the earth onto a cylinder that can be then unrolled into a plane.
		Azimuthal projections are in fact the limiting case of conic projections as the cone becomes a plane.
		The name of this projection is sufficient to describe it; it is conformal (preserves angles) except at the pole of the projection, and it is a conic with all the general characteristics of conic projections.
	www.research.ibm.com /dx/proceedings/cart/cart.htm (1671 words)

	VISTA: Maps & Projections: Map Projections
		Cylindrical projections are formed by wrapping a large, flat plane (e.g., a large sheet of paper) around the globe to form a cylinder.
		When projected from the center of the globe, the typical grid appearance for Conic projections shows parallels forming arcs of circles facing up in the Northern Hemisphere and down in the Southern Hemisphere; and meridians are either straight or curved and radiate outwards from the direction of the point of the cone.
		Azimuthal projections are constructed from one of three perspectives where for each it is as if a light source were shown upon the globe and the arcs of the parallels and meridians were projected onto the flat, tangent, straight line surface.
	acl.arts.usyd.edu.au /VISTA/20-maps&projections/map_projections.htm (2241 words)

	Map Projection Overview
		Map projections are attempts to portray the surface of the earth or a portion of the earth on a flat surface.
		Gall's stereographic cylindrical projection results from projecting the earth's surface from the equator onto a secant cylinder intersected by the globe at 45 degrees north and 45 degrees south.
		The Peters projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection that de-emphasizes area exaggerations in high latitudes by shifting the standard parallels to 45 or 47 degrees.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj.html (1829 words)

	Projection from Spheres
		Cylindrical projections in general have an increased vertical stretching as one moves towards either of the poles.
		An Aitoff map projection (attributed to David Aitoff circa 1889) is a class of azimuthal projection, basically an azimuthal equidistant projection where the longitude values are doubled (squeezing 2pi into pi) and the resulting 2D map is stretched in the horizontal axis to form a 2:1 ellipse.
		In a normal azimuthal projection all distances are preserved from the tangent plane point, this is not the case for a Aitoff projection, except along the vertical and horizontal axis.
	local.wasp.uwa.edu.au /~pbourke/geometry/spherical (947 words)

	Projections
		Planar projections project the spheroid onto a flat surface which is usually tangent to the spheroid (touches the spheroid at one point), but may be secant.
		The Miller Cylindrical projection is similar to the Mercator projection except that the polar regions are not as areally distorted.
		The Hammer-Aitoff projection is a modification of the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwgeog/special/geomatics/html/arcprojections.htm (3538 words)

	Cylindrical Projection - PanoTools
		This is a type of projection for mapping a portion of the surface of a sphere to a flat image.
		Like the Equirectangular Projection, the cylindrical projection also preserves verticals, but it cannot represent data near the poles (nadir and zenith), which are distorted and stretched further and further to infinity.
		Other forms of cylindrical projections which can represent the poles, such as the Mercator Projection common in map-making, are not typically used in panoramic imaging.
	www.panotools.info /mediawiki/index.php?title=Cylindrical_Projection (243 words)

	Map Projections, Geography Glossary - EnchantedLearning.com
		A conic projection is a type of map in which a cone is wrapped around a sphere (the globe), and the details of the globe are projected onto the cylindrical surface.
		A cylindrical projection is a type of map in which a cylinder is wrapped around a sphere (the globe), and the details of the globe are projected onto the cylindrical surface.
		Cylindrical maps have a lot of distortion in the polar regions (that is, the size of the polar regions is greatly exaggerated on these maps).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /geography/glossary/projections.shtml (1048 words)

	Map projection Summary
		Cylindrical equal-area, Mercator, Miller cylindrical, oblique Mercator, and transverse Mercator are all cylindrical map projections.
		Unavoidably, all cylindrical projections have an east-west stretching away from the equator by a factor equal to the secant of the latitude, compared with the scale at the equator.
		Cylindrical projections map the whole Earth as a finite rectangle, except in the first two cases, where the rectangle stretches infinitely tall while retaining constant width.
	www.bookrags.com /Map_projection (3524 words)

	Projections - PanoTools
		Technically a sub-case of the Rectilinear Projection, the cubic projection is used as the source projection for fully spherical Quicktime VR panoramas.
		In a Fisheye Projection, the distance from the centre of the image to a point is proportional to the equivalent spatial angle.
		Stereographic Projection is a conformal form of Fisheye Projection where the distance from the centre is not equivalent to the spatial angle.
	www.panotools.info /mediawiki/index.php?title=Projections (586 words)

	Cylindrical Projections
		Mercator's projection is partially developed by projecting the globe onto the cylinder from the center of the globe.
		To properly use the projection, the user should be aware that the two points on the globe 90 degrees from the central great circle (e.g., the North and South Poles in the case that the selected great circle is the equator) are mapped to infinite distances.
		The cylindrical equidistant projection is one of the simplest projections to construct.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /grierlab/idl_html_help/projections10.html (1002 words)

	Stooke Small Bodies Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The morphographic conformal projections are shaded relief drawings projected onto the 3D convex hull of the shape, then reprojected to Morphographic Conformal (effectively Stereographic) projection, in two hemispheres centered on the equator and longitudes 90 and 270.
		Cylindrical projections are a subset of prismographic projections.
		Note: Morphographic Conformal projection is shaded relief drawing projected onto the 3D convex hull of the shape, then reprojected to morphographic conformal (effectively stereographic) projection, in two hemispheres centered on the equator and at longitudes 90 and 270.
	www.psi.edu /pds/archive/astdata03/maps (1722 words)

	GIS India - Projection
		The cylindrical projection projects the earth from the center of the earth to a cylinder which envelops or intersects the earth.
		The Mercator projection is a typical cylindrical projection with the equator tangent to the cylinder.
		One is the north and one is to the south of the projection zone.
	members.rediff.com /gisindia/proj.htm (598 words)

	Gall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Devised by James Gall in 1855 as a modification of the 1772 projection by
		In fact, the Gall projection was apparently adopted by Arno Peters precisely because it distorts the apparent size of nations to overemphasize those nations favored by Arno Peters and his followers.
		projection that is widely used for navigation worldwide, he and his followers falsely misrepresented his own use of the Gall projection as being free of distortion.
	www.manifold.net /doc/7x/gall.htm (1208 words)

	The Atlas of Canada - Map Projections
		With conical and cylindrical projections, the axis of these shapes usually corresponds to the axis of the spheroid (Earth); the exception is the oblique case.
		For cylindrical projections this is achieved by changing the position of the lines used for tangency or secancy.
		When the cylinder is used as a surface to project the entire World on to a single map, significant distortion occurs at the higher latitudes, where the parallels become further apart, and the poles cannot be shown.
	atlas.nrcan.gc.ca /site/english/learningresources/carto_corner/map_projections.html (2325 words)

	OMC: supported projections
		Projection number five (Azimuthal Equidistant Projection) returns a circular plot of the entire world with the area of interest as the center, distances measured from there are true.
		It is a useful projection for a global view of locations at various or identical distance from a given point (the map center).
		The projection is neither equal area nor conformal, and much distortion is introduced near the edge of a hemisphere.
	www.aquarius.geomar.de /omc/omc_project.html (628 words)

	Transverse Mercator Projections and U.S. Geological Survey Digital Products
		In a transverse cylindrical projection, the point of tangency between cylinder and globe is a meridian, or line of longitude, called the central meridian.
		Projection decisions are always tradeoffs between desired map characteristics, which in turn depend on the desired use of the data.
		Projection decisions made many years ago for published paper maps are not necessarily the right decisions for corresponding digital data sets.
	topomaps.usgs.gov /drg/mercproj/index.html (2906 words)

	[No title]
		A map projection is the systematic arrangement of the earth’s (or generating globe’s) parallels and meridians onto a plane surface.
		It is important, therefore, when projecting the spherical surface onto a map projection, to locate tangency on or near the area of central focus or greatest interest.
		Examples of an Oblique Aspect are shown in the Oblique Mercator projection of Alaska, an Oblique Aspect Orthographic projection, and in the Lambert Conformal Conic projection of Texas.
	personal.uncc.edu /lagaro/cwg/mapproj/intro_mp.html (2543 words)

	The Mercator Projection
		This projection was so ubiquitous that it even gave rise to concerns that people were deriving their ideas of what the world was like from it, instead of from the globe.
		That is because the Mercator projection is conformal.
		On a cylindrical map, however, the length of a degree of longitude remains the same from the top to the bottom of the map.
	members.shaw.ca /quadibloc/maps/mcy0101.htm (1048 words)

	AllRefer.com - map projection : Cylindrical Projection (Maps And Mapping) - Encyclopedia
		In a typical cylindrical projection, one imagines the paper to be wrapped as a cylinder around the globe, tangent to it along the equator.
		The Mercator projection, long popular but now less so, is a cylindrical projection of the latter type that can be constructed only mathematically.
		In all cylindrical projections the meridians of longitude, which on the globe converge at the poles, are parallel to one another; in the Mercator projection the parallels of latitude, which on the globe are equal distances apart, are drawn with increasing separation as their distance from the equator increases in order to preserve shapes.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/mapproje-cylindrical-projection.html (359 words)

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