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Topic: Cynoscephalae

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	Livius Picture Archive: the battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE)
		The Macedonian phalanx was unable to adapt itself to the terrain; the Roman legions, on the other hand, were able to turn and could attack the Macedonian phalanx in the rear.
		The legions had proven to be more flexible than the phalanx, and it comes as no surprise that the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis concluded that Cynoscephalae was the best example to show the flexible legions were superior to the phalanx.
		Towards morning on the following day, after a mild and damp night, the clouds turned to mist, the whole plain was filled with profound darkness, a dense air came down from the heights into the space between the two camps, and as soon as day advanced all the ground was hidden from view.
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/cynoscephalae/cynoscephalae.html (565 words)

	The Battle of Cynoscephalae
		He pushed on and finally managed to force a battle at the hills called Cynoscephalae.
		The armies closed on each other from either side of the chain of hills called Cynoscephalae.
		In essence the victory at Cynoscephalae was the triumph of the Roman legionary system over the Greek phalanx.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/cynoscephalae.html (887 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the last years of the third century BC and the early years of the second century BC, the emerging power of Rome was brought into conflict with the kingdom of Macedonia in northern Greece, under its ruler Philip V (238-179 BC).
		The second conflict between the two powers was brought to a close in 197 BC with a victory over Philip's forces at the Battle of Cynoscephalae by the Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus.
		This remarkable coin was probably issued in the wake of the victory of Cynoscephalae.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/print?OBJ4405 (249 words)

	The Battle of Pydna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Along with Cynoscephalae, the battle of Pydna is often regarded as the classic 'legion versus phalanx' battle.
		While Cynoscephalae was not a true test, since both armies blundered into each other, and neither had fully deployed when the fighting began, the Roman victory at Pydna owed more to the respective quality of the commanders than to the two military systems.
		The Battle of Pydna was the culmination of a four year war between the Antigonid dynasty of Macedonia and Rome.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /pydna.htm (2811 words)

	ANISTORITON: An Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In most of the engagements - including the major ones at Cynoscephalae, Magnesia and Pydna - the Romans prevailed over their opponents and the Republic emerged as the indisputable Mediterranean power.
		This essay deals with the causes of the Roman military successes by examining briefly the Macedonian and Roman systems of war and searching for possible other factors that contributed to the defeat of the phalanx.
		Having in mind the accounts of the battles at Cynoscephalae and Pydna, it is easy to understand that things happened exactly as Polybius had pointed out.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e991.htm (2200 words)

	Battle of Cynoscephalae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		About 5000 prisoners The Battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman Republic army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon.
		Flamininus, with his allies from the Aetolian League, were stationed at Thebes, Greece, and marched out towards Pherae in search of Philip, who was at Larisa.
		During the march there was a heavy rainstorm, and the morning after there was a fog over the hills and fields separating both camps.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /197-BC/Battle-of-Cynoscephalae.html (638 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cynoscephalae as meeting engagement: Scenario Set-up — Place these units in this exact order in these squares: Romans place one velites unit from any legion/allied legion and the Aetolian cavalry unit in D-4, the Macedonians will place two peltast units in C-4.
		They also emphasized the fact that Philip V knew he was on bad ground for the phalanx; the phalanx was designed for relatively flat and level ground.
		The hills at Cynoscephalae are not ideal for such a unit that requires perfect drill and very high cohesion.
	www.cs.uidaho.edu /~cort1333/game/rules.doc (5421 words)

	[No title]
		SPQR ERRATA (GMT) as of 9/26/92 COUNTERS: The Macedonian HC (used in Cynoscephalae, etc.) has a little "7" printed atop the "HC".
		The present situation arose from (a) the fact that '9' is an odd number, and (b) Scipio's army was a bit of a mix-and-match affair, so such intermingling was possible.
		Nothing arcane here, simply determine - based on fog and LOS (of which there is not much between the two armies at the beginning - which units can see which.
	grognard.com /errata/spqr.txt (1136 words)

	Battles and Campaigns of the Empire
		The battle of Cynoscephalae was a turning point in military history, the Macedonian phalanx which had been invincible in combat for 200 years was finally defeated.
		Mobile infantry operating in units had replaced a solid wall of shield and spear forever.
		Skirmishing forces from either side meet in the mist of Cynoscephalae ridge.
	www.josts.net /tec912/projects/fsorrentino/battles.htm (2203 words)

	Sharp Blue: Flamininus at Corinth
		During the Isthmian Games at Corinth in the year 196BC, the Roman consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus made one of the most extraordinary and surprising announcements in the history of the ancient world.
		The previous year, Flamininus and his legions, including many veterans of Scipio Africanus' campaigns in Spain and Africa, had utterly defeated the armies of Philip V of Macedon at Cynoscephalae in Thessaly.
		To the astonishment of the Greeks, an army from the obscure regions of Italy, a country of little note on the frontiers of civilisation had vanquished the might of the King of Macedon, one of the most powerful rulers of the Hellenistic world.
	www.theculture.org /rich/sharpblue/archives/000034.html (2078 words)

	Pelopidas
		He was a member of a distinguished family, and possessed great wealth which he expended on his friends, while content to lead the life of an athlete.
		In 364 he received another appeal from the Thessalian towns against Alexander of Pherae.
		Though an eclipse of the sun prevented his bringing with him more than a handful of troops, he overthrew the tyrant's far superior force on the ridge of Cynoscephalae; but wishing to slay Alexander with his own hand, he rushed forward too eagerly and was cut down by the tyrant's guards.
	www.nndb.com /people/684/000097393 (428 words)

	Titus Quinctius Flamininus Biography / Biography of Titus Quinctius Flamininus Biography
		230-174 BC) was a Roman general and diplomat whose victory over Philip V of Macedon at Cynoscephalae freed Greece from Macedonian domination but led to an increasing Roman involvement in Greek affairs.
		His command in Greece as proconsul was extended from 197 to 194.
		In June 197 at Cynoscephalae in Thessaly, Flamininus defeated Philip V and in the peace treaty forced Philip's withdrawal from Greece proper.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-titus-quinctius-flamininus (488 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cynoscephalae
		Cynoscephalae, scene of two major battles in ancient times.
		Cynoscephalae is located in Thessaly (Thessalia) in northeastern Greece.
		Become a subscriber today and gain access to:
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761586261/Cynoscephalae.html (72 words)

	Itemise the main features of Roman arms and armour.
		It is described by Polybius "of it leaves the terrain which favours it and attempts an action else where" "it is easy to forecast what will happen from the tactics which the Romans are now putting into practice"
		Livy's description of the battle of Cynoscephalae confirmed Polybus's view on many occasions.
		When the Macedonian army first engage the enemy, they were in confusion and somewhere retreating.
	www.coursework.info /i/67627.html (379 words)

	eBROG - SPQR by GMT
		Much attention is paid to the unique abilities of each type of unit, including special rules for such units as skirmishers and, of course, the elephants.
		Beneventum and Cynoscephalae both provide some unusual exercises in terrain problems, Bagradas Plains is pretty much an introductory scenario, albeit one not without its charms, and Cannae … well, Cannae is Cannae.
		The basic rules soon become second nature, allowing you to concentrate on the tactical questions before you.
	www.thewargamer.com /brog/spqr.htm (2106 words)

	Cynocephalae 197 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Philip's influence in Greece proper was broken, and he was essentially confined within Macedonia.
		Flamininus conducted some mopping-up campaigns after Cynoscephalae to push back Macedonian influence.
		In 196, Flamininus proclaimed at the Isthmian games that the cities of Greece were to be free, with no garrisons and no Roman control, and Flamininus was hailed as the liberator of Greece.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /cynocephalae-197bc.htm (746 words)

	SCC Forums -> Historic Battles MOD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Battle at Silarus River, Zama, Mons Graupius, Ilipa, Cynoscephalae, Adrianople, Cannae, Allia, Guagemela, Plataea, Chaeronea, Raphia, Pydna, Marathon, Pharsalus, Kadesh, Watling Street, Londinium, Camulodunum, Bibracte, Watling Street.
		I have only played platea, cynoscephalae, and guagamela though.
		I didn't really enjoy guagemela though for some reason I just feel the Macedonians are weak compared to the Persians.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=2054 (1613 words)

	MiniatureWargaming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The battle of Cynoscephalae in 197BC pitted Greek phalanxes against Roman legions.
		This scenario recreates that battle for the Vis Bellica rules set.
		Two of the better companies that I have dealt with for buying games are Brigade Games and Warweb.
	www.miniaturewargaming.com /index.php/mwg/comments/cynoscephalae_scenario (362 words)

	Lecture Notes for Week Fifteen
		Flamininus decisively defeated Philip at Cynoscephalae ('Dogs heads', after the shape of some hills in the region) in Thessaly, in 197
		Romans had 8,400 of their own infantry and 10,000 Italian allies; 4,000 phalangites and 2,000 peltasts from the Aetolian league; a total of some 2,600 cavalry (including 400 Aetolian); and around 20 elephants\
		The Aetolians were not particularly happy with Flamininus' settlement after Cynoscephalae -- they had expected to win a number of Philip's former possesions
	ccwf.cc.utexas.edu /~warfare/Lectures/lect15.html (3093 words)

	Slide Show for album :: 040321 Cynoscephalae 193BC with CotAW - Battle Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Slide Show for album :: 040321 Cynoscephalae 193BC with CotAW - Battle Report
		040321 Cynoscephalae 193BC with CotAW - Battle Report
		Album: 040321 Cynoscephalae 193BC with CotAW - Battle Report
	wargames.spyz.org /napnuts/slideshow_low.php?set_albumName=album29 (30 words)

	Total War Center Forums - == Historic Battles Project v2.6 == (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I'm very keen on having some suggestions on gameplay tips, additions and so on because I plan on updating alot more, its lotza fun trying to perfect a simulated battle as real as possible with the R:TW engine :cool
		The Battle at Silarus River, Zama, Mons Graupius, Ilipa, Cynoscephalae, Adrianople, Cannae, Allia, Guagemela, Plataea, Chaeronea, Raphia, Pydna, Marathon, Pharsalus, Kadesh, Watling Street, Londinium, Camulodunum, Bibracte
		The Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), fought near Chaeronea, in Boeotia, was the greatest victory of Philip II of Macedon.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-8315.html (15967 words)

	BOLTER AND CHAINSWORD -> Aegyptus Astartes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Due to prior Investigations into the Fangs Of Sobek and Fists of Khonshu they too will be reinvestigated due to connections and events with the other Chapters Listed.
		As the Cynoscephalae has arrived Near Stygia and Khons, My reports will start with the Sons of Sekhmet and the Hammers of Khons.
		Both being of Planet and fleet Based organisation.
	www.bolterandchainsword.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=58077 (3332 words)

	A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography - bele, Cybistra, Cyclades, Cyclops, Cycnus, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography - bele, Cybistra, Cyclades, Cyclops, Cycnus, Cydippe, Cydnus, Cydonia, Cyllarus, Cyllene, Cylon, Cyme, Cynaegirus, Cynesii, Cynosarges, Cynoscephalae, Cynossema
		This page contains descriptions for the following names Cybele, Cybistra, Cyclades, Cyclops, Cycnus, Cydippe, Cydnus, Cydonia, Cyllarus, Cyllene, Cylon, Cyme, Cynaegirus, Cynesii, Cynosarges, Cynoscephalae, Cynossema
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	www.classicaldictionary.bravepages.com /132.htm (85 words)

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