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	Cyrenaic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cyrenaics were an ultra-hedonist group of philosophers founded in the 4th century BC, allegedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, a disciple of Socrates.
		The Cyrenaics held that pleasure was the supreme good, but pleasure primarily in the sense of bodily gratifications, which they thought more intense and more choiceworthy than mental pleasures.
		The Cyrenaics were also known for their skeptical theory of knowledge.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyrenaic (197 words)

	Tsouna Review, David Bellusci, GNOSIS - Volume V, No.1 - 2001
		The objective of the author is to identify the teachings of the Cyrenaics, in the midst of various interpretations of the Cyrenaic school, to better understand their philosophical doctrine.
		Tsouna observes that the counter-arguments against the Cyrenaic philosophy represent: (i) a misleading skeptical interpretation of Cyrenaic doctrine; (ii) Sextus' text is inconsistent with the Cyrenaic School; and (iii) St. Augustine includes Cyrenaics among the philosophers defending the reliability of Sextus.
		Tsouna concludes that the Cyrenaics have reason for not maintaining the metaphysical belief of constant flux (non-identity): it is counter-intuitive and incompatible with Cyrenaic ethics.
	artsandscience.concordia.ca /philosophy/Gnosis/vol_v/tsouna_review.html (3431 words)

	Cyrenaic Epistemology
		The Cyrenaics use the relativity of perception argument to show that because the same object can cause different perceivers different sense experiences, and because we have no criterion outside of our experiences with which to compare our experiences and determine which is veridical, we cannot know which qualities an object possesses.
		The Cyrenaics claim that it is possible to assert infallibly, truly, firmly and incorrigibly that we are being soured or being chilled, but it is not possible to affirm that that which produces our affection in us is sour or is cold.
		The Cyrenaics do not concern themselves with that which cannot be changed or that which is beyond their control but rather focus on what pleasures they can know, now in the present.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /academic/philosophy/mondry-thesis.html (2861 words)

	Greek Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Aristippus of Cyrene, the founder of the Cyrenaics, considered pleasure to be the sole end in life, and regarded virtue as a good only in so far as it contributed to pleasure.
		In ethics he followed within certain limits the Cyrenaic doctrine, conceiving the highest good to be happiness, and happiness to be found in pleasure, to which the natural impulses of every being are directed.
		But the aim is not with him, as it is with the Cyrenaics, the pleasure of the moment, but the enduring condition of pleasure, which, in its essence, is freedom from the greatest of evils, pain.
	www.iep.utm.edu /g/greekphi.htm (3899 words)

	Cyrenaics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Finally, the Cyrenaic position, at least in the limited reports we have concerning it, does not appear to be as fully-developed as that of the later skeptics.
		The Cyrenaics admit that there are both bodily pleasures (e.g., sexual gratification) and mental pleasures (e.g., delight at the prosperity of one's country), and they maintain, against the Epicureans, that not all mental pleasures are based upon bodily pleasures.
		Although the Cyrenaics say that prudence is valuable for attaining pleasure, they do not seem much concerned with exercising self-control in pursuing pleasure, or with deferring present pleasures (or undergoing present pains) for the sake of experiencing greater pleasure (or avoiding greater pains) in the future.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/c/cyren.htm (4147 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cyrenaic School of Philosophy
		The Cyrenaic School of Philosophy, so called from the city of Cyrene, in which it was founded, flourished from about 400 to about 300 B.C., and had for its most distinctive tenet Hedonism, or the doctrine that pleasure is the chief good.
		They speak of a hierarchy of pleasures, in which the pleasures of the body are subordinated to virtue, culture, knowledge, artistic enjoyment, which belong to the higher nature of man. Again, some of the later Cyrenaics reduced pleasure to a mere negative state, painlessness; and others, later still, substituted for pleasure "cheerfulness and indifference".
		In some points of doctrine the school descends to the commonplace, as when it justifies obedience to law by remarking that the observance of the law of the land leads to the avoidance of punishment, and that one should act honestly because one thereby increases the sum of pleasure.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04591a.htm (551 words)

	2. Empedocles
		The Cyrenaics take knowledge in its subjective signification, and as signifying individuality as certainty of self, or feeling; to this as to that which is essential, they restrict the exercise of consciousness, and, generally speaking, make existence for consciousness consist therein.
		This principle of the Cyrenaic school would seem to have been far removed from that of Socrates, since we at once think of the transient existence of feeling as directly in opposition to the Good; this, however, is not the case.
		Of the later Cyrenaics, Theodorus must be mentioned first; he is famous for having denied the existence of the gods, and being, for this reason, banished from Athens.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hegel/works/hp/hpsocratics.htm (9985 words)

	Cyrenaic - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Cyrenaics held that pleasure was the supreme good, but pleasure in the sense of immediate bodily gratifications.
		The Cyrenaics denied any positive value to "mental pleasures," which they identified with anticipation, memory, or trying to end pain in general.
		They backed their views with the notion that feelings of pleasure and pain, being merely physical motions, can only be known to ourselves.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cyrenaics (131 words)

	The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Cyrenaic school was a fourth-century BC philosophical movement, related both to the Socratic tradition and to Greek Scepticism.
		In ethics, Cyrenaic hedonism can be seen as one of many attempts made by the associates of Socrates and their followers to endorse his ethical outlook and to explore the implications of his method.
		Cyrenaic subjectivism and the Epicurean doctrine that all perceptions are true: Plutarch, Adv.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521622077 (264 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.10.02
		The Cyrenaics, after all (see 136), operate with two concepts of truth: the subjective one that involves self-awareness, and the objective one that they regard as unattainable ("the external world").
		Elsewhere in Part I, the flavor of Cyrenaic subjectivism (and those marvelous defining locutions like "being disposed whitely") is effectively captured by a constructive comparison (at 45-53) with the modern adverbial analysis of sense-perception, associated particularly with Roderick Chisholm.
		See her "Aristippus" and "Cyrenaic Philosophy" in D.J. Zeyl, ed., Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy, Westport Conn. 1997, 54-55 and 162-165, and "Aristippus the Elder" and "Cyrenaics" in E. Craig (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, London and New York 1998, 1:379-380 and 2:759-763.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999/1999-10-02.html (1979 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Cyrenaic
		Cyrenaics, minor school of Greek philosophy, so named from Cyrene, birthplace of the founder of the school, the Greek philosopher Aristippus....
		360 bc), Greek philosopher, who studied with Socrates in Athens and founded the Cyrenaic school of hedonism.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Cyrenaic.html (67 words)

	Tour 8 Oases of Libya, Tripolitan and of Cyrenaic 15 days
		Continuation of the trip to Benghazi, the old "Serenice", capital of the Cyrenaic.
		Resumption of the trip to ancient Ptolemais, present day town of Tolmitha, with a picturesque panorama of very green mountains.Visit of the forum, the remarkable underground cisterns, the palace columns, the Byzantine church.
		The relics of the city lie at some 600m of altitude in Djebel Akhdar.
	www.azjar-libyatours.com /oases_libya.htm (463 words)

	Cyrenaic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		El Cyrenaics era un grupo del ultra-hedonista de filósofos fundados en el 4to siglo A.C., alegado por Aristippus de Cyrene, disciple de Socrates.
		El Cyrenaics sostuvo que el placer era el bueno supremo, solamente placer en el sentido de satisfacciones corporales inmediatas.
		El Cyrenaics negó cualquier valor positivo a los "placeres mentales," que identificaron con la anticipación, la memoria, o intentar terminar dolor en general.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/cy/Cyrenaic.htm (119 words)

	Katalog stránek » Hlavní kategorie » Society » Philosophy » History of Philosophy » Ancient ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Catholic Encyclopedia: Cyrenaic School of Philosophy - Overview of this strain of classical thought, by William Turner.
		Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cyrenaics - Detailed survey of this school of thought, by Tim O'Keefe.
		Voula Tsouna, The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School - A review by Robert Todd of this scholarly work.
	nhklasterec.wz.cz /dmoz/Society/Philosophy/History_of_Philosophy/Ancient/Cyrenaic_School (140 words)

	LookSmart - Directory - Cyrenaic School of Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cyrenaic School of Philosophy - Find biographies of Aristippus and guides that define the principles of the Cyrenaic School of Hedonism.
		Studies the foundations of Hedonism as found in the classical philosophies of the Epicurean and Cyrenaic schools.
		Join the Zeal community and help build the "Cyrenaic School of Philosophy" Directory Category.
	lsxml.looksmart.com /p/browse/us1/us317836/us317911/us266441/us575387/us575499/us580299 (140 words)

	Define Cyrenaic sect : powered by In Dictionary (InDictionary.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.
		[1913 Webster] Hedonic sect a sect that placed the highest good in the gratification of the senses, -- called also Cyrenaic sect, (which see), and School of Aristippus.
		This is a resource site for students, academics & researchers & is continually being improved & worked on.
	www.indictionary.com /define/Cyrenaic_sect (140 words)

	Abbeys Bookshop - Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abbeys Bookshop - Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School
		This book reconstructs Cyrenaic epistemology, explains how it depends on Cyrenaic hedonism, locates it in the context of ancient debates, and discusses its connections with modern and contemporary epistemological positions.
		Knowledge of the good life: the ethical motivation of the Cyrenaic views on knowledge
	www.abbeys.com.au /items/01/23/65 (224 words)

	Tour 7 World War II cemetaries in Tobruk,Tripoli and Benghazi 12 days
		Day 4: LEPTIS MAGNA - SYRTE We return back to Leptis Magna because the beauty and the size of the site deserve a second visit to see the circus, the amphitheatre and the port.
		Visit of the Hellenistic Agora, the sanctuary of Appollon, the temple of Zeus, the naval triumph, the Thermes of Trajan and the Necropolis.
		Day 8: AL BAYDA – APPOLONIA –TOBRUK Visit of Appollonia, the ancient part of Cyrena which guards three churches of Colonnades dating back to the 6th century A.D. Resuming the journey to Darnah.
	www.azjar-libyatours.com /tripolitan-cyrenaic_15days.htm (413 words)

	Cyrenaic School Ancient History of Philosophy Philosophy Society English España
		Cyrenaic School Ancient History of Philosophy Philosophy Society English España
		Buscador: Society: Philosophy: History of Philosophy: Ancient: Cyrenaic School:
		Overview of this strain of classical thought, by William Turner.
	www.amigar.com /buscador/Top/10101167723-10000001 (96 words)

	The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
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		The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School at Cambridge University Press website
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	www.cambridge.org /aus/catalogue/email.asp?isbn=0521622077 (102 words)

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	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - Cyrenaic definition
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		philosophy believer in Cyrenaic philosophy: an adherent of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy
	ca.encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861602295/Cyrenaic.html (124 words)

	Cyrenaic School
		Additional Information: The Cyrenaic school of classical Greek thought (aka Cyrenaicism) was founded by Aristippus of Cyrene and flourished during the fourth century BC.
		This page was last updated on August 16th, 2005
		A review by Robert Todd of this scholarly work.
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/Society/Philosophy/History_of_Philosophy/Ancient/Cyrenaic_School (112 words)

	The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School - Voula Tsouna - Adobe Reader PDF eBook
		The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School - Voula Tsouna - Adobe Reader PDF eBook
		The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School eBooks - All Formats
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	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/149924-ebook.htm (785 words)

	Khedivial Jemy Zappiest Flintstone Cyrenaic Causers Gag Opsistype Uproars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Khedivial Jemy Zappiest Flintstone Cyrenaic Causers Gag Opsistype Uproars
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	www.pcnotdienst-berlin.com /misc/impedes/Caldwell/reflexes (347 words)

	Cyrenaic School Ancient History of Philosophy
		Site desc: Detailed survey of this school of thought, by Tim O'Keefe.
		Site desc: Voula Tsouna, The Epistemology of the Cyrenaic School.
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	66.199.248.138 /web/1167723/society/philosophy/history-of-philosophy/ancient/cyrenaic-school (150 words)

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