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	Cyril Burt
		Cyril Burt (1883 - 1971) was a British educational psychologist.
		Over the course of his career Burt published research on the heritability of intelligence as measured in IQ tests using twin studies.
		The correlation coefficient given by Burt for the IQs of identical twins reared apart is within the range that has been found by reputable studies conducted since his death.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cy/Cyril_Burt.html (193 words)

	Human Intelligence: The Cyril Burt Affair
		Until his death in 1971, the British educational psychologist Sir Cyril Burt was viewed as one of the most significant and influential educational psychologists of his time.
		Cyril Lodowic Burt, born on March 3, 1883, was a leading figure in psychology during an exciting time when psychology was breaking away from philosophy and becoming a field of its own.
		Burt's research on factor analysis and the genetics of intelligence was groundbreaking, and helped to pave a new path for psychology.
	www.indiana.edu /~intell/burtaffair.shtml (1430 words)

	Cyril Burt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burt supported eugenics and was a member of the British Eugenics Society.
		In 1913, Burt took the position of a school psychologist for the London County Council (LCC), which was in charge of all the London schools.
		Regardless of whether it was fraudulently obtained, Burt's controversial twin data, such as the IQ correlation between twins,.77, is similar to modern estimates by psychologists and geneticists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyril_Burt (1319 words)

	Cyril Burt Information
		Burt supported eugenics and was a member of the British Eugenics Society.
		In 1913, Burt took the position of a school psychologist for the London County Council (LCC), which was in charge of all the London schools.
		The possibility of fraud was first brought to the attention of the scientific community when Kamin noticed that Burt's correlation coefficients of Monozygotic and Dizygotic twins' IQ scores were the same to three decimal places, across articles--even when new data were twice added to the sample of twins.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Cyril_Burt (1266 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cyril Burt
		Burt was born on March 3, 1883, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England.
		Burt was also a consultant with the committees that developed the Eleven Plus examinations.
		Sir Cyril Burt died at the age of eighty-eight, in London, on October 10, 1971.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cyril_Burt (1369 words)

	Psychology History
		Cyril Burt was a very well known British psychologist and a leader in the development of methods of data analysis.
		Burt was born on March 3, 1883, in Stratford-on-Avon.
		Burt was accused of fabricating his results of his twin studies and his assistants.
	muskingum.edu /~psychology/psycweb/history/burt.htm (818 words)

	Human Intelligence: Cyril L. Burt
		Throughout Cyril Burt's lifetime he remained committed to proving that intelligence is primarily and inherited characteristic.
		Although Burt is famous for his controversial hereditarian views, he took precisely the opposite stance on the issue of juvenile delinquency.
		Burt came away from this experience convinced that juvenile delinquency was not a hereditary blight, but an environmental one.
	www.indiana.edu /~intell/burt.shtml (1335 words)

	Sir Cyril Burt: a potted history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Burt's acceptance of the objective utility of IQ tests lead to a dramatic opening of equality of opportunity as he introduced official IQ testing in schools.
		Burt advocated that all bright children, regardless of their backgrounds and records in primary school, should have free access to a fully academic, grammar school education.
		The essentially meritocratic value of Burt's policies is perhaps best demonstrated by the effects of their removal in the mid to late '50s.
	www2.psy.mq.edu.au /~tbates/104/burt.html (385 words)

	ipedia.com: Cyril Burt Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sir Cyril L. Burt (March 3 1883 - October 10 1971) was a British educational psychologist, one of the few to ever be knighted for his work.
		Initially, Burt’s LCC appointment was only a half time position, which allowed him to use the rest of his workweek gathering and publishing data.
		The possibility of fraud was first brought to the attention of the scientific community when Kamin thought it terribly odd that Burt's correlation coefficients of Monozygotic and Dizygotic twins' IQ scores were the same out to 3 decimal places, across articles--even when new data were twice added to the sample of twins.
	www.ipedia.com /cyril_burt.html (898 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Burt was chief psychologist for the entire school system of London.
		Among Burt's many findings was that twins raised apart there was a staggeringly high correlation of 0.77 in their IQ scores.
		The "Burt Affair" began when Leon Kamin charged in his 1974 book The Science and Politics of IQ that Burt's published correlations for the similarity in IQ among identical twins raised apart (0.77) were implausibly high and implausibly invariant from his 1943 study of 15 pairs to his 1966 study of 53 pairs.
	www.arthurhu.com /99/16/cyburt.txt (389 words)

	PEP Web - Clinical: Cyril Burt. The Definition and Diagnosis of Moral Imbecility. British Journal of Medical ...
		In dealing with the theoretical conceptions of the moral imbecile, Burt discusses earlier psychological hypotheses and shows that the idea of a specific moral faculty sprang from the intuitionists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		Discussing various views regarding alleged innate deficiency of moral inhibition, Burt points out that inhibition is now regarded not as a positive function of some particular centre, but as a secondary and negative effect of any and all nervous activity.
		Burt divides mental deficiency into temperamental and intellectual types.
	www.pep-web.org /document.php?id=ijp.007.0253b (775 words)

	Created With HTML Assistant Pro - 6/30/1998
		Sir Cyril Burt, one of Britain's leading psychologists, was posthumously accused of fraud when it was found that he reported identical sets of correlations for MZ twins in a 1955 paper and a 1966 paper with larger sample sizes.
		Burt published over 200 papers after he retired, an average of one every five weeks but he had neither grants nor other resources to gather new data.
		Burt was a "cut and paste" writer who recycled old papers into new ones by rearranging the text to change the emphasis on a paper.
	pavlov.psyc.queensu.ca /faculty/butler/butler2.html (1019 words)

	London School of Differential Psychology: Cyril Burt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Burt, C. The genetic determination of differences in intelligence: A study of monozygotic twins reared together and apart.
		Burt, C. L., and Williams, E. The influence of motivation on the results of intelligence tests.
		Burt, C. L., and Howard, M. The relative influence of heredity and environment on assessments of intelligence.
	www.missouri.edu /~aab2b3/LondonBurt.htm (454 words)

	Sir Cyril Burt and Typography: A Re-evaluation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		EJ285119 - Sir Cyril Burt and Typography: A Re-evaluation.
		Examines Burt's contributions to typographical research on spacing words and texts; use of serifs, and the effects of typefaces, typesizes, and line-length on reading comprehension.
		In spite of Hearnshaw's (1979) favorable assessment and the wisdom of Burt's sentiments, many of his conclusions were not supported by data.
	www.eric.ed.gov /sitemap/html_0900000b8014c139.html (65 words)

	Cyril Burt at AllExperts
		Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt (March 3 1883 – October 10 1971) was a prominent British educational psychologist.
		Philippe Rushton concludes that the disparagement of Burt was conducted for ideological reasons.[5] The debate remains unsettled, but Burt's controversial twin data, such as the IQ correlation between twins,.77, is identical to modern estimates by psychologists and geneticists.
		For example, the American Psychological Association's 1995 task force on "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns" concluded that within the White population the heritability of IQ is "around.75" (75%) (p.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/cy/cyril_burt.htm (1330 words)

	Burt-watching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sir Cyril Burt (1883-1971) thought that the broad heritability of IQ was high -- yielding his notorious correlation of.77 between monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA's).
		General intelligence (g), which Burt had once found to relate to speed of intake of simple perceptual information, was frankly more important in life than were 'personality traits'; but there were other sources of variation in mental abilities ("group factors"), and education should accord with children's ability profiles.
		Under-reporting of the details of what Burt himself often admitted to be "precarious" studies had always limited the scientific usefulness of Burt's research reports; and Burt's.77 figure is replaced today by the.78 estimate from the 43 MZA pairs studied in Minnesota.
	jonjayray.tripod.com /burtdef.html (1185 words)

	Re: Sir Cyril Burt and His Congeries of Supporters. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is agreed by both sides that Burt invented data points, invented=20 authoresses, spun fantasies of his own creation across the psychological = journals he was associated with.
		Burt never tested it, but if you=20 swim very fast, there's a good chance your children swim fairly fast.
		=20 There is a tendency for Burt's defenders to accuse his questioners of=20 prodding him on ideological grounds -- yet it is his defenders who tell=20 us how he lied, cheated, backstabbed, and confabulated throughout his=20 career; they say, nevertheless, that he was a great man because he=20 helped science forward.
	www.talkaboutinvestments.com /group/sci.econ/messages/178765.html (1321 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: False Data Charge Stirs I.Q.-Heredity Controversy
		The doubts about the work of Cyril Burt, an English researcher who concluded that intelligence is 80 per cent inheritable, were first expressed by Leon Kamin, a professor at Princeton University, in 1972.
		Burt's research has been quoted by many scientists who argue that low test scores of fl children result from genetic inferiority rather than environment, David R. Layzer '47, professor of Astronomy, said yesterday.
		Gould believes Burt's data "are unusable." Even Herrnstein admits he would no longer use them in papers of his own, since "the appearance of trust-worthiness is as important as trust-worthiness itself" in academic documentation.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=272387 (683 words)

	Re: Sir Cyril Burt and His Congeries of Supporters. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Eysenck objects in the strongest terms to Burt having taken his name in vain, even though he was a young student and Burt a Lord High Muckety-Muck at the time.
		I think Burt was a big time flouncer, and I think that as we examine the evidence you will come to agree.
		In other words the question "Was Sir >Cyril Burt a fraud in the sense that he fabricated data and lied about >the things he was publishing?" is settled.
	www.talkaboutinvestments.com /group/sci.econ/messages/178763.html (1269 words)

	Is Intelligence Distributed Normally? By Cyril Burt, 1963
		I was interested to note that the bulk of the data that I used had been available for most of forty years prior to Cyril Burt’s paper.
		As you will see from Burt’s own graph and table of data, and despite his argument to the contrary, Type IV also does not well predict the frequencies at the high end of IQ scores (I will try to get round to adding a Type IV line to my graph one day).
		In view of the practical importance of the issues thus raised it is to be hoped that one or more of the larger educational authorities will in the near future plan and carry out a systematic survey with the express purpose of securing more exact and trustworthy specifications.
	www.abelard.org /burt/burt-ie.asp (6738 words)

	Resurrecting Racism: The attack on black people using phony science
		And lest he be misunderstood, Burt asserted that intelligence could not be altered in the least, as it was supposedly “uninfluenced by industry or zeal.” Alfred Binet was by contrast interested in “the alteration …[of] the faculty of adapting oneself to circumstances”: in other words, the alteration of the faculty of self-alteration!
		Burt was imagining something innate and unalterable whereas Binet had in mind something environmentally determined and eminently alterable.
		And Cyril Burt was not merely a prominent fraud, he was a truly bold one, accusing that it was his detractors who were dishonest and driven by ideological motives.
	www.hirhome.com /rr/rrchap6.htm (6191 words)

	Cyril Lodowic Burt - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Educated at Oxford and Würzburg, he became a prominent figure in psychology.
		Burt made significant contributions to educational psychology, and is noted for his development of the method of factor analysis in psychological testing.
		Though initially credited with important research concerning inheritance and intelligence, evidence surfaced after his death indicating that he had falsified research data.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Burt-Cyr.html (125 words)

	cyril burt :: TrustyHound Search Results
		The biographical profile of Cyril L. Burt, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing.
		A paper by Cyril Burton on the distribution of IQ scores, arguing that highly gifted individuals may have been underestimated due to the...
		Cyril Burt's report of a preponderant genetic contribution to mental ability in monozygotic...
	www.trustyhound.com /search.php?q=Cyril+Burt (181 words)

	University of Liverpool Archives: Sir Cyril Burt papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Born 1883, Cyril Burt was Assistant Lecturer in Physiology and Lecturer in Experimental Psychology at the University of Liverpool, 1908-1913; Psychologist to London County Council (Education Department) 1913-1932; Professor of Education, University of London, 1924-1931; Professor of Psychology, University College London, 1931-1950.
		The papers, covering the period c1900-1972 were deposited with the University Archives, University of Liverpool, by Emeritus Professor L.S. Hearnshaw (Professor of Psychology, University of Liverpool, 1947-1975; on behalf of Dr Marion Burt, sister of Sir Cyril Burt, 1977-1979.
		Burt's appointment, 1931-2 Memoranda and letters dealing with staffing, grants and other matters connected with the Department of Psychology Storage of Burt's research papers Communications from Aberystwyth Matters connected with Burt's pension.
	sca.lib.liv.ac.uk /collections/archive/burt.html (429 words)

	Cyril - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Cyril, 9th century archbishop of Great Moravia, believed to have co-invented the Glagolitic alphabet, the first Slavic alphabet, and translated the Bible into a Slavic language referred to as Old Church Slavonic
		Cyril of Turaw, 12th century Belarusian Orthodox Christian bishop and theologian
		The name Cyril is derived from Greek Κύριλλος (Kyrillos - lordly, masterful), related to kyrios - lord, master.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyril (144 words)

	Double take on a fake - 16 September 1995 - New Scientist
		He had access to private papers and concluded that Burt had indeed made up data on twins showing that IQ was about 70 per cent heritable.
		Two books have already re-examined the arguments, but Cyril Burt: Fraud or Framed?, with contributors like Nicholas Mackintosh, Arthur Jensen and Hans Eysenck, is a heavyweight tome.
		Burt's "fraud" damaged the reputation of psychologists in general.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg14719953.800.html (264 words)

	Left-handedness - Cyril Burt
		Burt notes more left-handedness among mentally backward and more among boys (5.8%) than girls (3.7%).
		Burt speculates that the increase among backward may be weakness of both arms, rather than preference.
		Burt comes to the belief that people are not really dvided by left- and right-handedness, but the left and right hand work together as a team, with the traditionally nominated, dominate hand being assigned to tasks requiring precision, and the other, more specialised, being used for strength or steadying purposes.
	www.abelard.org /briefings/left_handedness.php (3571 words)

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