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	Cyrille Adoula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyrille Adoula (born September 13, 1921 in Léopoldville – died May 24, 1978 in Lausanne, Switzerland) was a Congolese politician.
		Adoula was the premier of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, then called the Republic of the Congo, from 2 August 1961 to 30 June 1964.
		Formerly a senator, Adoula's reign was difficult, with the threat of civil war always near.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyrille_Adoula (305 words)

	Cyrille Adoula -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Adoula was the premier of the (A republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960) Democratic Republic of the Congo, then called the Republic of the Congo, from 2 August 1961 to 30 June 1964.
		Formerly a senator, Adoula's reign was difficult, with the threat of (A war between factions in the same country) civil war always near.
		Adoula attempted negotiation talks with (additional info and facts about Moise Tshombe) Moise Tshombe, president of the secessionist (additional info and facts about Katanga) Katanga province, but failed to reach any meaningful agreement.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cy/cyrille_adoula.htm (346 words)

	Cyrillic Definition / Cyrillic Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languagesThe Slavic languages (also named Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples.
		Cyrillic is a powerful program that brings together all the tools you need for drawing family pedigrees, and managing and analyzing pedigree data.
		Cyrillic is a text converter that can convert to and from Russian transliterated texts and KOI8, CP 1251 and other russian encodings.
	www.elresearch.com /Cyrillic (593 words)

	Cyrille Adoula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cyrille Adoula September 13, 1921 - May 24, 1978 was aCongolese politician.
		He was born in Léopoldville (now Kinshasa), Cyrille Adoula was thepremier of the Republic of the Congo from 2 August 1961to June 1964.
		Adoula attempted negotiation talks with Moise Tshombe, president ofthe secessionist Katanga province, but failed to reach any meaningful agreement.
	www.therfcc.org /cyrille-adoula-346045.html (264 words)

	Dragon operations: hostage rescues in the Congo, 1964-1965
		Cyrille Adoula, a member of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) and prime minister since 1961, hoped to install a truly national form of government that would encompass the divergent hopes of the Congolese people.
		To counter this opposition and continue to survive, Adoula's government needed to effect two elusive conditions: a reconciliation among the disparate political leaders that would encompass all their hopes in a single national government; and the creation of an effective military force to maintain security until such a reconciliation government could be formed.
		Adoula's reason for recalling Tshombe was simple: Adoula wanted to build a government of reconciliation, and he needed Tshombe to ensure Katanga's continued loyalty.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/odom/odom.asp (17994 words)

	Cold War International History Project @ the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
		The nationalists then agreed that the “moderate” Cyrille Adoula would be the “least evil” choice, not because they had a change of heart over Adoula, but because he was seen as next best leader who could help re-unify the Congo.
		Gizenga’s suspicions of Adoula ran deep at least partially a result of Adoula’s secret connections with the Binza group, of which Gizenga was aware, and which the CWIHP conference brought to light.
		Adoula’s ties with this pro-western group were not widely known but diminish the importance of his former relations with AFL-CIO.
	www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.item&news_id=102105 (2068 words)

	UN Peace Efforts - Postindependence Turmoil - History - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) - Africa
		Gizenga was made vice prime minister, but he was removed from his post in January 1962 for defying a parliamentary resolution that he go to Leopoldville to face secession charges.
		Adoula demanded that the plan be put into effect, by force if necessary.
		In June 1964 Adoula resigned as prime minister and was replaced in July by Tshombe.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/democratic_republic_of_the_congo_formerly_zaire/history/postindependence_turmoil/un_peace_efforts.htm (561 words)

	U.S. Department of State on the Congo
		When a coalition government was formed in August 1961 under Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula, it seemed that the crisis was ending, but it entered a new phase with the outbreak of hostilities in Katanga a month later.
		In general, however, McGhee had come to share Gullion's views: whether Adoula or Tshombe had done more to implement the plan was irrelevant; since the U.S. objective was a unified Congo, the United States had no choice but to support Adoula and to be prepared for the use of stronger measures if necessary.
		Both Thant and Adoula agreed that the Congolese Army was not ready to assume responsibility for maintaining internal security in the Congo, especially in Katanga, but Thant insisted that sheer financial necessity required the withdrawal of the U.N. force.
	shs.westport.k12.ct.us /jwb/Collab/PWB/StDept.htm (6827 words)

	Tshombe Offers to End Secession Under Amnesties
		In almost identical letters to Congo Premier Cyrille Adoula in Leopoldville and U Thant, United Nations Secretary General, Mr.
		Adoula he declared that "a total military victory by the United Nations would not in the end benefit my people."
		Adoula to immediately sign an amnesty, as provided by the Thant plan.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/africa/630116tshombe.html (623 words)

	Cyrille Adoula Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Cyrille_Adoula (441 words)

	[CTRL] Fwd: Dodd and Dulles vs. Kennedy in Africa
		Adoula was a moderate labor leader who, unfortunately, had little of the dynamism and charisma of Lumumba.
		Adoula’s leftist followers lost faith in him and began to leave for Stanleyville.
		Adoula now turned to the UN and the Russians in hopes of one last knockout blow against Tshombe.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg37556.html (8256 words)

	Africa and Communism - Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He met Cyrille Adoula, the Central Prime Minister, at Kitona from December 19 to 21.
		In August 1961, a "national government of reconciliation" was formed in Leopoldville with Adoula, the "independent" and "moderate" as Prime Minister.
		Adoula named Gizenga Deputy Prime Minister but the latter indicated that he would co-operate with Adoula only if there was a "return to Lumumbist policies".
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/metrochap5.html (8712 words)

	La plainte pénale du CDF (Congo Defense Fund) contre Kagame & Musevini
		Gizenga was made first vice-premier, but was removed from his post and censured by parliament in January 1962 for defying a parliamentary resolution that he come to L�opoldville from Stanleyville to face secession charges.
		Adoula demanded that the UN plan be put into effect, by force if necessary.
		Strikes and rebellions continued to beset the country, however, and in June 1964, Adoula resigned as premier.
	www.nkolo-mboka.com /plaintes/Zaire.htm (4568 words)

	Military.org -- CountryWatch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Patrice Lumumba headed the radical faction; Joseph Ileo, Cyrille Adoula and Albert Kalonji led the moderate faction.
		Cyrille Adoula was named prime minister in early August.
		In July, Tshombe was recalled from exile to replace Adoula as prime minister.
	www.countrywatch.com /mi_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=40&SECTION=COVER&TOPIC=POHIS&TYPE=TEXT (3134 words)

	HistoryForSale - World Political Autographs CYRILLE ADOULA
		A U.N. force was dispatched to the Congo, but was unable to bring an end to the fighting.
		Cyrille Adoula served as Prime Minister of the embattled country from 1961-1964.
		He was traveling to the Congo on a peace mission at Adoula's invitation.
	www.historyforsale.com /html/prodetails.asp?documentid=265322&start=1&page=19 (302 words)

	Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials
		As prime minister he faced successive crises, including the attempted succession of Katanga Province under Moise Tshombe (1919-1969).
		With the help of UN forces, Adoula suppressed the rebellion, but he was replaced by Tshombe in July 1964.
		Adoula later served as ambassador to Belgium and to to the U.S. and as foreign minister before his retirement in 1970.
	www.findagrave.com /cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6390663 (98 words)

	INCORE: Publications and Papers:Conference Reports: The UN in the Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Security was exclusively in the hands of the UN, the telephone lines to the outside world were cut, and the politicians' needs were catered for by a UN staff which lived on the premises.
		Once the installation of the legitimate Adoula Government had taken place the feeling was that no more excuses for prevarication should be allowed.
		Adoula issued a formal ordinance declaring all non-Congolese officers and mercenaries serving in Katanga undesirable aliens; he then requested UN assistance in deporting them.
	lugh.incore.ulst.ac.uk /home/publication/occasional/kyle.html (8010 words)

	DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD: The UN years ...
		The formation of the Adoula Government was of crucial importance in enabling the United Nations to proceed with the elimination of foreign elements.
		On 24 August an ordinance was issued calling for the expulsion of all foreign officers and mercenaries standing behind the secessionist policy.
		In the meantime, the Secretary-General had arrived in Leopoldville at Prime Minister Adoula's invitation to discuss future prospects of the United Nations Operation in what was hoped would be a new setting created by the completion of the principal tasks assigned by the Security Council and the General Assembly.
	www.un.org /depts/dhl/dag/time1961.htm (2627 words)

	[No title]
		spokesmen insisted that it was not, but secretary-general u thant says he is convinced that unless tshombe is subdued soon, premier cyrille adoula's central government in leopoldville will collapse.
		control, central government premier cyrille adoula began flexing his muscles in leopoldville.
		exuberant as adoula was over tshombe's plight, there was not much for him to crow about.
	www.mpi-sb.mpg.de /~bast/collections/data/time.stream (23137 words)

	The Militant - July 23, 2001 -- Patrice Lumumba and revolution in the Congo
		What is obvious in retrospect, that the apparent break of Tshombe from the Kasavubu government, and subsequent "roundtable conferences" between them, were maneuvers by the imperialist powers to crush the revolutionaries, was not apparent to many of the Lumumbists.
		It was clear that Adoula's attempts to attract foreign capital (see his January 28, 1964, advertisement in the New York Times, "Private Enterprise in the Congo") were not alone sufficient to hold up the faltering government.
		He replaced Adoula, and proclaimed that the "National Congolese Army" would be able to handle the "rebels." As evidence of his sincerity, Tshombe released Gizenga.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6528/652850.html (3181 words)

	Congo, Democratic Republic of
		Soon afterwards Lumumba was murdered and the white mercenaries employed by Tshombe were thought to be responsible.
		The outcry that followed resulted in a new government being formed, with Cyrille Adoula as prime minister.
		During the fighting between Tshombe's mercenaries and UN forces the UN secretary general, Dag Hammarskjöld, flew to Katanga province to mediate and was killed in an air crash on the border with Northern Rhodesia.
	www.uk.tiscali.com /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019891.html (3115 words)

	UN
		This was not needed as in August 1961, three of the four parts met to form a new parliament in Leopoldville that was to be lead by Cyrille Adoula.
		Adoula asked the United Nations to provide military support for an attack on Katanga as he made it his first task to remove Tshombe, as he believed that while Tshombe was effectively in charge of Katanga, the Congo would never have peace.
		He was replaced by U Thant who agreed to another attack by United Nations troops on Katanga in December 1961.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /united_nations_congo.htm (1094 words)

	Excite España - Viajes - Africa - Congo Democratic Republic Of - Historia Y Gobierno
		With the support of the Americans and Belgians, and exploiting the country’s myriad factional, tribal and regional disputes, the government was deposed after six months in an army coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu.
		In 1961, a civilian administration backed by Mobutu was installed under Cyrille Adoula.
		Four years later, Mobutu, now army Chief of Staff, took control for himself and established the regime which ruled Zaire – as the country had been renamed – for the next three decades.
	www.excite.es /viajes/guias/africa/congo_democratic_republic_of/Historia_y_Gobierno (1925 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Caesars of the Bush -- Apr. 05, 1963 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The cold-blooded killing pointed up the grim fact that nearly three months after United Nations troops crushed Secessionist Moise Tshombe's regime and placed the province under Premier Cyrille Adoula's central government, peace is far from restored in Katanga.
		The Congo's administrative structure has been ripped apart by two years of civil war, and the chief aim of the national Parliament sometimes seems to be destruction of any central authority.
		For many weeks, Adoula's government has been on the razor's edge of defeat at the hands of Leopoldville's chaotic legislature, whose debates sometimes verge on the insane.
	time-proxy.yaga.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,830060,00.html (814 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On June 30, just after UN troops were withdrawn, Premier Cyrille Adoula resigned as premier.
		Meanwhile, Gizenga agreed to join the central government after Congolese Premier Cyrille Adoula vowed to emulate the policies of Lumumba.
		Gizenga was made first vice-premier, but was removed and censured by Parliament in January 1962 for defying a resolution that he come to Leopoldville from Stanleyville to face secession charges.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/amun/hsc64_tp.doc (8063 words)

	Congo, Democratic Republic of the The Challenge of Territorial Nationalism: Lumumba and the MNC - Flags, Maps, Economy, ...
		On the other hand, his well-known propensity to arrogate to himself unfettered control over the affairs of the party led to serious frictions within its leadership.
		Internal dissension came to a head in July 1959 when Joseph Ileo, Cyrille Adoula, and Albert Kalonji decided to set up their own moderate wing, from then on known as the MNC-Kalonji.
		The result was to deprive the main part of the party of some of its most capable leaders and to considerably narrow its bases of support in Kasai and Katanga.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/congo_democratic_republic_of_the/congo_democratic_republic_of_the_history_the_challenge_of_territorial_nationalism_lumumba_and_the_mnc.html (413 words)

	Congo, Part 1; 1960-1963
		To control this wide range of flying activities, the UN Air Division was formed, in August 1961.
		By then, Gizenga agreed to join a central cabinet under Cyrille Adoula and to participate in a parliament in which Lumumbists held the key posts.
		Anticipating his early dominance of the new government and encouraged by Adoula’s socialism and neutral stand in world affairs, Gizenga dissolved his Stanleyville base, on 18 August.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_182.shtml (6403 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Congo Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the communist world he was revered as a martyr; Mobutu and the CIA were implicated in his death.
		In 1964, however, Kasavubu fired Adoula and persuaded Tshombe to return to the Congo and take the premiership.
		The former leader of Katangese independence now became a champion of the central government with the responsibility of ending revolts in the eastern Congo.
	www.wpni.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/congo/stories/mobutu090897.htm (2828 words)

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