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Topic: Cytoplasmic streaming

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	[No title]
		Streaming is usually seen indirectly as the movement of particles in the cytoplasm, and is presumed to be based on a motor system similar to actin-myosin-based motility (see Kuroda, 1990, for review of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells).
		Streaming is not easy to observe near the tip of the hair, most likely because of the high concentration of vesicles there (see later section on vesicles).
		Cytoplasmic streaming is rapid during the initial and late phases of growth, but during the period 4-6 hours after emergence, the migratory movement of the nucleus coincides with a slowing of cytoplasmic streaming.
	mac122.icu.ac.jp /RLS/cscynm.html (2020 words)

	Establishment of Polarity in the One-Cell Embryo
		This "fountainhead" pattern of cytoplasmic streaming may be directed by the sperm pronucleus, the associated centrosomes and nascent microtubules, or a localized cortical change induced by sperm entry, since embryos in which the sperm entered laterally display cytoplasmic streaming that is laterally directed toward the sperm pronucleus (Goldstein and Hird 1996).
		Cytoplasmic streaming appears to have a major role in localizing germ-line-specific P granules to the posterior cortex of the one-cell embryo.
		Treatment of embryos with the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D disrupts the microfilament cytoskeleton (Strome 1986b) and prevents cytoplasmic streaming (Hird and White 1993), P-granule segregation to the posterior, and the development of spindle asymmetry (Strome and Wood 1983).
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=ce2.section.448 (2261 words)

	Cytoplasm Summary
		Among the prominent membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles are mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus.
		The cytoplasm, or cytosol of eukaryotic cells is the gel-like, water-based fluid that occupies the majority of the volume of the cell.
		The cytoplasm houses all the chemicals and components that are used to sustain the life of a bacterium, with the exception of those components that reside in the membrane(s), and in the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria.
	www.bookrags.com /Cytoplasm (1768 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Streaming is usually seen indirectly as the movement of particles in the cytoplasm, and is presumed to be based on a motor system similar to actin-myosin-based motility (see Kuroda, 1990, for review of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells).
		Streaming is not easy to observe near the tip of the hair, most likely because of the high concentration of vesicles there (see later section on vesicles).
		Cytoplasmic streaming is rapid during the initial and late phases of growth, but during the period 4-6 hours after emergence, the migratory movement of the nucleus coincides with a slowing of cytoplasmic streaming.
	mac122.icu.ac.jp.cob-web.org:8888 /RLS/cscynm.html (2020 words)

	Cytoplasmic streaming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cytoplasmic streaming is the flowing of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
		This streaming allows other organelles and nutrients to flow in the stream created.
		Chloroplasts make use of cytoplasmic streaming to move to optimum position within the cell for maximum light absorption used in photosynthesis666666666666666666666666666666.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cytoplasmic_streaming (157 words)

	The Role of Ca2+ and Calcium-binding Proteins
		These alga are perfect for studying cytoplasmic streaming because of the exceptionally large size of their internodal cells that allow for the use of unique experimental systems such as vacuole perfusion (McCurdy and Harmon, 1992).
		Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells has given new insight about the way calcium and calcium-binding proteins can be used as messengers during signal transduction.
		Calcium, calcium-binding proteins and their function in cytoplasmic streaming is only a small part of the intricate puzzle of signal transduction that is quickly being pieced together using ingenious experiments and research techniques.
	teach.valdosta.edu /rgoddard/PlPhys/Jacob/signal.htm (2044 words)

	Video gallery - cyclosis in Canadian pondweed
		The cyclic movement of the chloroplasts is caused by the streaming of the cytoplasm.
		The author's attempts to video the cytoplasm itself streaming under phase contrast weren't very successful, as the depth of field is tiny and the cytoplasm strands tended to move in and out of focus.
		Cytoplasmic streaming - an article by Bob Ridge summarising aspects of various 'streaming' studies in different plant cells, including horsetail and clover root hairs.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artnov00/dwelodea.html (652 words)

	ch4
		The phenomenon of cytoplasmic streaming is not well understood, but it is recognized as the circulation mechanism of the internal materials, or cytoplasm, of a cell.
		Cytoplasm is a gelatinous substance that has the ability to change its viscosity and flow, carrying various cell materials with it.
		Unfortunately, the film of streaming from the first observation was improperly exposed, and comparison to cytoplasmic streaming on Earth was limited to the crew's observation that it appeared the same as it had during training.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-401/ch4.htm (2758 words)

	cytoplasmic streaming
		Cytoplasmic streaming, also called cyclosis, transports nutrients, enzymes, and larger particles within cells, enhances the exchange of materials between organelles, as well as between cells.
		It is thought that microfilaments provide the driving force for, and control the direction of, the streaming.
		In some plant cells there is a rapid rotatory cytoplasmic movement, limited to the peripheral parts of the cell next to the cell wall, which carries chloroplasts and granules along.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/cytoplasmic_streaming.html (218 words)

	Force-velocity relationships in actin-myosin interactions causing cytoplasmic streaming in algal cells -- Sugi and ...
		Diagram of cytoplasmic streaming in the internodal cell of green algae.
		is cytoplasmic myosin that is responsible for the rapid cytoplasmic
		sliding causing cytoplasmic streaming with the centrifuge microscope
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/12/1971 (2791 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for streaming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		streaming The metabolically active movement of the particulate and fluid constituents of the protoplasm.
		In some plant cells there is a rapid rotatory cytoplasmic movement, which is limited to the peripheral parts of the cell next to the cell wall; chloroplasts and granules move in this stream.
		Streaming Media Inc. Reports That 79% of Fortune 100 Companies Are Streaming in Their Second Data/Analysis Report, ``Enterprise Streaming -- Return on Investment''.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=streaming (743 words)

	Cytoplasm
		This name is very fitting because cytoplasm is the substance of life that serves as a molecular soup in which all of the cell's organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane.
		The cytoplasm is found inside the cell membrane, surrounding the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic organelles.
		Cytoplasm is the home of the cytoskeleton, a network of cytoplasmic filaments that are responsible for the movement of the cell and give the cell its shape.
	sln.fi.edu /qa97/biology/cells/cell3.html (285 words)

	Ion flux interaction with cytoplasmic streaming in branchlets of Chara australis -- Babourina et al. 55 (408): 2505 -- ...
		Cytoplasmic streaming was recorded in the area that could be observed under the microscope close to the electrodes.
		of cytoplasmic streaming with ion fluxes is the observed asymmetrical
		Ding D-Q, Tazawa M. Influence of cytoplasmic streaming and turgor pressure gradient on the transnodal transport of rubidium and electrical conductance in Chara corallina.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/408/2505 (3466 words)

	Cytoplasmic streaming in cylindrical giant algae.
		A nonmoving layer of cortical cytoplasm filled with chloroplasts lies just under the plasma membrane (enlarged lower figure).
		On the inner side of this layer are bundles of stationary actin filaments (red), all oriented with the same polarity.
		The movement of the ER network propels the entire viscous cytoplasm, including organelles that are enmeshed in the ER network.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.figgrp.5242 (147 words)

	Statoliths, Cytoskeletal Elements and Cytoplasmic Streaming of Chara Rhizoids under Reduced Gravity during TEXUS Flights
		The streaming velocity of the cytoplasm in the rhizoid base towards the tip is greater than towards the base.
		Photographs of the rhizoid's apex recorded on the ground and during the µg period in the vertical orientation are presented in Fig.
		Simultaneous records of both directions of cytoplasmic streaming during the µg period have been used to measure the streaming velocities.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /sp/sp1206/buche.htm (1796 words)

	Inhibitory Regulation of Higher-Plant Myosin by Ca2+ Ions -- Yokota et al. 119 (1): 231 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		causes a reversible inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming (Kikuyama
		ion reversibly inhibits the cytoplasmic streaming of Nitella.
		Williamson RE (1976) Cytoplasmic streaming in Characean algae.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/119/1/231 (5053 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Analysis of the myosins encoded in the recently completed Arabidopsis thaliana genome ...
		Cytoplasmic streaming is responsible for movement of organelles and vesicles and of generative cells and vegetative nuclei in pollen tubes.
		A myosin isolated from the alga Chara corallina was shown to be responsible for cytoplasmic streaming [30,69,70].
		A myosin isolated from lily pollen has been shown to be responsible for cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes and two myosins were identified in tobacco cell cultures that are also thought to participate in cytoplasmic streaming [37,71].
	genomebiology.com /2001/2/7/research/0024 (7267 words)

	mcnallymovies
		In the oocyte/embryo which enters and exits the spermatheca at the beginning of this sequence, circular cytoplasmic streaming initiates after exit from the spermatheca.
		Streaming stops shortly before pronuclei form at the end of this sequence.
		Chromosomes remain associated with the cortex while streaming is directed toward that position on the cortex.
	www.mcb.ucdavis.edu /faculty-labs/mcnally/mcnallymovies.htm (873 words)

	Your Project Title Here... Choose Format/Page Colors & Properties
		Cyotplasmic streaming is vital to the Elodea because it allows the materials in the cells to circulate.
		Cytoplasmic streaming apparently enhances the exchange of materials between organelles, as well as between cells.
		It is thought that microfilaments (actin filaments) of the cells' cytoskeleton provide the driving force for cytoplasmic streaming and control the direction of the cytoplasmic movements as well.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1998/presentations/furtado (581 words)

	Sample Essay Answer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Cellular movement is a function towards muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, and locomotion.
		It is also composed of contractile proteins such as thick filament, thin filament, sarcomere, myofibril, and myofiber that use ATP hydrolysis to contract.
		Cytoplasmic streaming is the movement of the living substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell.
	web.mit.edu /shums/www/proj2a2.htm (584 words)

	Cytomechanical Properties of Papaver Pollen Tubes Are Altered after Self-Incompatibility Challenge -- Geitmann et al. ...
		Time periods elapsed between SI challenge and complete arrest of cytoplasmic streaming in the apical and subapical versus the further distal areas are marked and connected for individual pollen tubes.
		The absence of significant slopes indicates that cytoplasmic streaming is affected simultaneously in all parts of one individual pollen tube.
		rearrangement and cytoplasmic streaming suggest that the SI signal may be perceived in the apical or subapical region.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/86/5/3314 (5700 words)

	Actin Polymerization Is Essential for Pollen Tube Growth -- Vidali et al. 12 (8): 2534 -- Molecular Biology of the Cell
		be uncoupled from cytoplasmic streaming (Lin and Yang, 1997
		Cytoplasmic streaming rates are not correlated with pollen tube growth rates.
		Mascarenhas, J.P., and Lafountain, J. Protoplasmic streaming, cytochalasin B, and growth of the pollen tube.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/12/8/2534 (7041 words)

	bernon2.htm
		If cells are screened for cytoplasmic streaming before the demonstration is set up, class time may take as little as 15 minutes.
		Nitella have giant cells that exhibit cytoplasmic streaming, a process which facilitates the movement of materials in the cytoplasm.
		Cyclosis then ceases temporarily until calcium is removed from the cytoplasm and repolarization (the resting potential) of the membrane is again established.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1996/bernon2.html (581 words)

	THE INTERACTIVE FLY
		Fascin was one of the first molecules identified in cytoplasmic actin gels induced to form in low Ca++ extracts of eggs from the sea urchin, and was the first actin-bundling protein to be extensively characterized.
		Bristles are formed during pupation when the trichogen cell sends out a shaft of cytoplasm with a cytoskeletal core comprised of central microtubules and 8-12 fibrous bundles dispersed peripherally at the plasma membrane.
		In mutant egg chambers that fail to complete cytoplasm transport from the nurse cells (dumpless chambers), DNA fragmentation is markedly delayed and begins during stage 13, when the majority of cytoplasm is lost from the nurse cells.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/newgene/singed.htm (2980 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		This premature microtubule bundling is accompanied by rapid, microtubule-dependent swirling of the cytoplasm (Theurkauf, 1994).
		Both the bundling of microtubules and cytoplasmic streaming are normally seen later in stage 10 wild-type oocytes (Wellington, 1999).
		The premature cytoplasmic streaming phenotype of spir can be mimicked by the addition of cytochalasin D, a drug that depolymerizes actin filaments.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/cytoskel/spire1.htm (2568 words)

	Plants: Aquatic. An introduction with photomicrographs of freshwater plants.
		Its great attraction for the microscopist is the ease with which it affords a demonstration of cyclosis, or cytoplasmic streaming.
		The leaves are mostly two cell layers thick, and if a healthy green leaf is removed and mounted on a slide under a coverglass with just sufficient pond water to keep it flat, the movement of the plastids within each cell is easily seen using a forty power objective.
		Most of the cytoplasmic streaming activity within a cell takes place around the inside of the cell wall, as evidenced here in most cells.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/plan/planaq/plaq0100.htm (725 words)

	Carolina Biological: Life Science: EGGstraordinary Membranes Lab
		To counteract the common misconception that cells are inactive, have students observe cytoplasmic streaming.
		They should see cytoplasmic streams moving in both directions carrying mitochondria and other cell inclusions and organelles.
		The large internodal cells of Nitella stream at speeds of 60 mm/sec., while streaming in the marine alga Caulerpa occurs at speeds as low as 5 mm/sec.
	www.carolina.com /life_science/algal_cell.asp?print=yes (386 words)

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