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	Russia HQ : Russia
		A short summary of Russian laws concerning firearms and brief history of firearmevolution in Russia from the middle ages to the present.
		Focuses on the people and history of Russia, particularly during the time whenthe country was a part of the Soviet Union.
		Russia HQ excludes all liability of any kind (including negligence) in respect of any third party information or other material made available on, or which can be accessed using, this Website.
	russiahq.com (795 words)

	Russian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition to Russia proper, the empire consisted of the constitutional monarchies of the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1831) and the Grand Duchy of Finland (1809-1917).
		After the overthrow of monarchy during the February Revolution of 1917 Russia was declared to be a republic by the Provisional Government.
		While subsequent rulers kept this title, the ruler of Russia was commonly known as Tsar or Tsaritsa until the fall of the Empire during the February Revolution of 1917.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_Russia (550 words)

	CDI Russia Weekly #219 -
		Tehran was prohibited to have naval forces in the Caspian Sea, according to treaties between czarist Russia and Persia as well as the USSR and Iran.
		Russia is trying to flex its muscles at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) through war games in the Caspian Sea, former Iranian foreign minister Ali-Akbar Velayati reportedly commented on August 6 in a meeting with academicians of Mashhad's Ferdowsi University.
		As for the coastal Caspian states, Russia seems to be pursuing the time-honored policy of carrot-and-stick, in which its friends receive discounted arms sales while its opponents (and neutrals) receive the certain knowledge that Moscow retains the growing ability to order its fleet without notice into waters they regard as theirs.
	www.cdi.org /russia/219-10.cfm (987 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first pogrom occurred in czarist Russia in 1881, following the assassination of Czar Alexander II by revolutionary terrorists.
		After the failure of the Revolution of 1905 in Russia, pogroms occurred in about 600 villages and cities; thousands of Jews were slaughtered, and the property of many was looted and destroyed.
		As established by documentary evidence, however, the pogroms were deliberately organized by the czarist government to divert into channels of religious bigotry and ethnic hatred the Russian workers' and peasants' discontent with political and economic conditions.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..po101600.a (234 words)

	Lesson Four
		The history of modern Russia can be divided into two big segments: the czarist period that stretched from the 15th century to 1917 and the Soviet era that began in 1917 and continued until 1991.
		Sandwiched between these two epochs was a short, unsuccessful attempt to fashion a democracy in 1917 after the fall of Czar Nicholas II and before the seizure of power by Lenin.
		The history of reform in Russia both its accomplishments and its failures is now being studied intently by Russians weighing their country's options for the future.
	www.dis.dpi.state.nd.us /isc/classes/example/Russian/L4hn.html (853 words)

	1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russia wanted to be considered as part of the West and relations to China were very low on this agenda - in fact in early 1992 China was vastly neglected.
		Russia also started to realise the economic potentials of the relationship and they were hoping to get a strong foothold in the arms and technology purchases of China.
		And since Russia was not able to maintain strong military influence in Chinese border it was in their benefit to negotiate for troops reductions.
	users.utu.fi /vimani/RFP.htm (6910 words)

	Russian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russia's backwardness made the clash between traditional society and the forces of modernization (industrialization, rationalization, centralization of government, and democratization of the masses) explosive.
		Russia's industrialization differed from earlier varieties in England, France, and Germany in that the state played the role of major backer, that it was financed by money borrowed abroad, that it began with railroad construction, and that it used the latest technology to build large-scale factories.
		Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905 unleashed new uprisings that led Nicholas II to issue the famous October Manifesto in that year which transformed Russia in to a Constitutional Monarchy.
	www.appstate.edu /~Brantzrw/History1102/russian.htm (3720 words)

	Czarist Origins of Communism
		Russia, in contrast, was for centuries marked by the extraordinary concentration of power in the hand of a single man, the czar.
		Czarist Russia is often not even mentioned as one of the great imperialist powers of Europe.
		Russia's conquest of the primitive peoples of Siberia and Asia was in many ways similar to the Indian wars of the United States.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/czar.htm (3185 words)

	Encyclopedia Article: Russia
		Because Russia had a very strong diplomatic presence in Iran in the nineteenth century, the first interactions between the new religion and the Czarist government occurred at an early date.
		From December 1989 onwards, most of the growth of the Baha'i Faith in Russia was the result of organized groups of Baha'is from Europe, North America, Japan, and elsewhere coming to Russia for periods of a few weeks.
		Furutan (q.v.) traveled to Russia and was present at the election of the Local Spiritual Assembly of Moscow at Ridvan 1990.
	bahai-library.com /encyclopedia/russia.html (2190 words)

	U.S. Senator John McCain
		Russia’s richest man, founder and chief executive of its most successful private company, a leader in incorporating Western principles of accounting and transparency into business practice, and a generous donor to charity, Khodorkovsky had committed what in the Kremlin’s eyes is the worst crime of all: supporting the political opposition to President Putin.
		Russia’s assertion of political control over its neighbors speaks not to a modern vision of Russian reform and renewal, but appears to reflect a czarist impulse to dominate neighboring populations.
		Far from having a vision for Russia in which democracy and freedom and rule of law thrive, I fear President Putin may have a vision for Russia in which the capricious power of the police at home, and the menacing weight of subversion and intimidation abroad, guide the state.
	mccain.senate.gov /index.cfm?fuseaction=Newscenter.ViewPressRelease&Content_id=1173 (2732 words)

	Russo-Japanese War
		Russia had bullied weakened China into agreeing to the building of the Trans-Siberian railway and had acquired the ice-free Port Arthur, Peking's port, and saw its eastern provinces as a new frontier.
		The occasion for the Russo-Japanese war of 1904 was Russia's refusal to withdraw its troops from Manchuria following the suppression of the 1900 Boxer Rebellion in China, a withdrawal required by the treaty protocol.
		Czarist Russia's conscript army in the Far East, ill trained and low in morale, was 80,000 at the beginning of 1904, and was reinforced slowly, to a low maximum of 250,000 in December 1904.
	zhukov.mitsi.com /Russo.htm (2297 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Anything for Power: The Real Story of China’s Jiang Zemin — Chapter 14
		According to the treaty, China and Russia were divided by the Gorbitsa River—a stretch reaching from the Gorbitsa River along the outer area of the Xing’an Mountains to the sea—and the Erguna River, with Russia on the north and China to the south.
		On July 24, 1900, czarist Russia, on the pretext of the outbreak of the anti-imperialist Yihetuan Movement, besieged sixty-four villages east of the Heilongjiang River—a Chinese territory according to the Treaty of Aigun—with 170,000 troops.
		Russia, however, had informed its representative immediately, and it was thus that he promptly toughened his stand.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/5-8-17/31330.html (10231 words)

	Chapter Overview
		Under Czarist rule, over the next five centuries Russia continued to expand its borders into Siberia in the east and toward the Black Sea in the south.
		Growing discontent with Czarist Russia's strict governmental controls and social and economic inequalities finally culminated in the Russian Revolution in 1917.
		Cultures and Lifestyles The Eastern Orthodox Church, Russia's dominant church until it was banned during the Soviet era of atheism, is enjoying a resurgence.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/socialstudies/geography/gwg2003/content.php4/147/1 (457 words)

	Hotel in St.-Petersburg, Russia hotel reservation online — offers cheap local rates, complete hotel guide, friendly ...
		Restored and modified by some of Russia's finest artistic talent, the hotel opened in M more..
		Grand Hotel Europe is situated on the Nevsky Prospekt, which is the main avenue of St.Petersburg.
		Deson-Ladoga Hotel provides modest, but comfortable standard accommodation and is an excellent choice for both tourists and those visiting Russia on business.
	www.allrussiahotels.com /russia/petersburg/hotels.html (1646 words)

	The Persecution of Christians in Bolshevik Russia
		The nations living on the west border of the empire declared their independence in the midst of the revolutionary turmoil which started in the spring of 1917 and turned the old Russian Empire upside down.
		Since the Soviets overcame the inner crisis originating in the so called “warlike communism”, they are relentless in their fight for a communist state.
		However, we can get an idea of the extent of the destruction if we consider that there were 1,200,000 protestants living in pre-war Russia, and their number was 900,000 even before the persecution wave of 1929.
	www.cryingvoice.com /Christian_martyrs/Bols1.html (751 words)

	The Chinese Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was in Russia, quite naturally, that the problem of the correlation between the struggle for democracy and the struggle for socialism, or between the bourgeois revolution and the socialist, was submitted to theoretical analysis.
		In one sense Czarist Russia was also a colonial country, and this found its expression in the predominant role of foreign capital.
		The differences between China and Russia-the incomparably greater dependence of the Chinese bourgeoisie on foreign capital, the absence of independent revolutionary traditions among the petty bourgeoisie, the mass gravitation of the workers and peasants to the banner of the Comintern—demanded a still more irreconcilable policy—if such were possible-than that pursued in Russia.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1938/1938-china.htm (4983 words)

	sciforums.com - Why did WWII happen ? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russia was the China of her day essentially...and to lose that was quite a blow to the world economy.
		Russia was also pissed, but given the immense casualities they suffered in the First World War, as well as the brutal, incoherent Civil War, were less willing to seek redress through conflict.
		Russia was almost annihilated in an apocalyptic attack Russia was in no shape to fight on.
	www.sciforums.com /archive/index.php/t-35802.html (19435 words)

	In Search of St. Petersburg -- Russia's Crown Jewel City: Both Polished and Tarnished
		Russia started down a socialist course that evolved under Stalin to the point where the totalitarian Soviet state owned, operated, and "shared" all property and information with its citizens.
		When we asked our guide the average salary and the unemployment rate, she responded honestly that nobody has a clue — "everyone" tells the government they have a job, when in fact many are idle, and "everyone" reports only a portion of their income to avoid the outlandish tax rates.
		When we heard her response, we no longer wondered why organized crime is reported to control 30-40% of Russia’s economy, why there appeared to be a high number of loiterers and beggars, even why most young couples avoid marriage in order to avoid government recognition.
	www.highonadventure.com /Hoa02jun/Russia/stpetersburg.htm (1528 words)

	Russia & Iran, Caspian ~ Johnson's Russia List 6-12-02
		One way is to give the claim a latent form, such as when Chinese textbooks say vast stretches of territory in the Russian Far East and Siberia were illegally seized from China by Czarist Russia.
		In other words, it's not Russia that has national interests that must be protected by its defence industry, it's the defense industry that has some kind of independent "national interests" that Mr.
		Most of the Russian political class has yet to realize that the objective of Russia's foreign policy is to defend Russia's interests, not to cause maximum trouble for the United States.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6303-9.cfm (647 words)

	RUSSIA
		The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR created a new relationship between Russia and the world and all are still feeling their way.
		Certainly the people of Russia, who suffered the most under the USSR, are not totally in agreement about this new system called "democracy"; and what it can offer them.
		The democratic system in Russia is still in its infancy, being tested politically and economically on a daily basis; its survival may seem to be in the best interest of all.
	www.windsorct.org /mwh/russia.htm (380 words)

	St. Petersburg, Russia, apartment rental
		Czar- is pronounced "zahr." The czar was the highest ranking of the social groups in Russia at the time.
		It was the title that the emperors of Russia used during the time of "Czarist Russia." The title of czar is passed down through a dynasty.
		Peasants- the peasants were the last ranking social group in "Czarist Russia." They were split into two different categories, the peasants and the serfs.
	www.nevsky88.com /SaintPetersburg/Czarist-rule-in-Russia.asp (452 words)

	The Crown and the Crucible: Czarist Russia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russia under the Czars is an uncertain place, amidst changing times.
		Yet, we learn, even in pre-Socialist Russia people had to guard their words, lest they offend the Czar; and censorship of the press did not originate with the later Soviet Union.
		Yet even the wealthy have their hardships; due to recent reforms, including the serfs' (peasants) liberation from slavery, sons of nobility must fight Russia's wars alongside lower classes of men.
	home.midsouth.rr.com /ochsner/article1060.html (511 words)

	Dissertation Abstract: Search for National Identity Among the Muslim of Russia by Giray Saynur Bozkurt
		The legal discrimination against the Muslims were removed to a certain degree and the Muslims of Russia continued to seek their rights further as equal citizens of Russia.
		However, their requests were not accepted by the Czarist government, except the problems related with the equality, religion and education.
		Although Muslims of Russia did not gain much to solve the territorial and migration issues, they succeeded to form a national identity and equal status with Russians and, to a limited degree, gained socio-political advantages through their activities that took place between 1905 and 1907.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/bozkurt.html (560 words)

	New Page 1
		In the 19th century Czarist Russia was a multinational empire.
		Rapid growth continued until the World War I. Due to its enormous size, Russia's national income reached level comparable to England and Germany and larger than France, Italy and Austria, but in the per capita terms Russia was still very far behind the leading economic powers.
		However this was not enough for the Bolshevik faction of Social Democratic Party of Russia led by Lenin.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/Lecture_notes/Introduction/intro_soc_in_Russia.htm (288 words)

	Tsygankov -- 407 Brown essay 1
		This is what happened to Czarist Russia, when in 1917, two hundred years of waffling on reform policy (epitomized by Nicolas the II) put the old order square on the front grill of the revolution.
		Once Peter the Great exposed Russia a to a West under going the age of reason and the liberal philosophy it entailed, the days of the Czar absolute power were numbered.
		The Crimean war lost, the glaring shortcomings of where Russia stood in its ability to survive in the modern age became apparent to the staunchest conservative.
	bss.sfsu.edu /tsygankov/RusFSU/407Brown1.htm (1185 words)

	Stage: 'Philistines,' Czarist Russia - New York Times
		LEAD: EACH of the unhappy family members in ''Philistines'' is unhappy in his or her own way.
		Levitoff's translation seems about 30 minutes more faithful to Maxim Gorky's first play, considered subversive in Czarist Russia, than is good for it.
		The most engaging characters are the raffish types whom Gorky knew from his trampings around Russia in his youth; they inspire the evening's fullest performances.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6D9163AF932A2575AC0A961948260 (572 words)

	Feature
		Intended as Imperial Russia's Window on the West, the city was specifically designed to appear elegant, advanced, and thoroughly European.
		All these grand temples to czarist autocracy are set on pilings, built on sand.
		Modern Saint Petersburg is Petersburg 3.0: the first release was czarist, the second was the communist Leningrad, the third is global-capitalist Sankt-Piterburg, just another friendly Baltic seaport, a big tourist draw.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/6.01/sterling.html (719 words)

	400 YEARS OF RUSSIAN COINS
		Following the death of Ivan the Terrible, Russia fell into a period of almost 20 years chaos and civil war.
		Catherine, who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, was noted for her great expansion of Russian territory, the great modernization of Russian society and her great exploits with men.
		Russia released three more bimetallic 10 Ruble coins in their continuing series honoring the ancient cities of Russia.
	www.joelscoins.com /russia.htm (1836 words)

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