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	Czechoslovak Legions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Czecho-Slovak Legions, also called Czechoslovak Legions (Česko(-)slovenské legie or sometimes České legie in Czech, Česko(-)slovenské légie in Slovak) were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers during World War I.
		The basis for the troops was formed by Czech and Slovak war prisoners in Russia, Serbia and Italy, and Czech and Slovak emigrants in France and Russia who had already created the "Czech company" in Russia and the "Nazdar" troop in France in 1914.
		After the Russian revolution the Bolshevik government concluded the separate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and it was agreed between the Bolsheviks and the corps to evacuate the Czechs and Slovaks to France to join the Czechoslovak corps and continue fighting there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czech_Legion (828 words)

	Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He promised the Czechs a separate Constitutional Assembly, a widening of the electorate, the reconstitution of the supreme offices of the Bohemian Kingdom in Prague, and the recognition of Czech as an official language of equal standing with German.
		Palacky's conservatives proposed Austro-Slavism as the creed of the Czech national movement, and continued loyalty to Habsburg rule as protection from German and Russian expansionism, together with the federalization of the empire on an ethnographic basis, uniting Bohemian Germany with Austria in one province and Czechs and Slovaks in another.
		Instead, the Czech Legion was to leave the Russian Republic, move completely across the Soviet Union through Siberia to Vladivostok, and then on to the United States and, eventually, to Western Europe to fight alongside the French.
	www.largers.org /czechhistory2.htm (13222 words)

	ICB Online \| Crisis Summary: RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Legion, an anomalous nonstate actor (NSA), refused to be disarmed by Bolshevik forces.
		Legion, fighting alongside the "Whites," acquired control of large parts of western Siberia and the Urals.
		Legion's decision to evacuate Siberia on 1 April 1920 and to return to the recently created independent Czechoslovakia, thus ending the crisis.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /icb/crisis_summary.asp?id=1 (308 words)

	Legion XXIV - Legions of Imperial Rome
		In the later empire, the legions had become basically "armies of occupation" and with the Germanic invasions of the 4th and 5th Centuies AD; the legions having not fought a war of conquest in over 100 years, had lost their "battle hardness" and proved unable to match the barbarian horseman, rendering them obsolete.
		The Legion served with Antony in the East and is thought to have been sent to Egypt by Augustus; however, by the end of his reign the Legion was in Syria.
		The remainder of the Legion surrendered to the rebel Iulius Civilis in 69 and was subsequently disbanded by Emperor Vespasian and reconstituted as Legion XVI Flavia Firma "Flavian Steadfast".
	www.legionxxiv.org /legionshist (5210 words)

	Czechoslovak Legions -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A "Czech company" arose in 1915, which was attached to the (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russian army.
		In May 1918 the Czechs and Slovaks stopped a (A native or inhabitant of Hungary) Hungarian train at (A city in the Asian part of Russia) Chelyabinsk and shot a soldier who had apparently thrown something at their train.
		The Legion kept the eighth to buy or lease ships in Vladivostok and what was left was used to set up the Legion Bank in (The capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the countryi; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century) Prague.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cz/czechoslovak_legions.htm (496 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Czech Legion
		The Czechs gathered their forces at Kiev and, commandeering trains left behind by a Russian army that was now in full flight, sought to escaped the German advance.
		At first the Legion's journey was fairly peaceful as the Czechs observed a policy of strict neutrality, negotiating safe passage with all factions in Russia's increasingly bitter civil war and avoiding conflict wherever possible.
		The Communist version of events was that most of the Legion fought on the side of the Bolsheviks and the rest were duped by western imperialist nations into fighting an unjust proxy war against the brave workers of the Soviet Union.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A4241062 (1956 words)

	Czech Legion on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After Russia left the war as a result of the peace of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, an agreement between the legion and the Bolshevik regime in Russia allowed for the evacuation of the legion via the Trans-Siberian RR and its eventual transfer to the Franco-German front.
		During its evacuation, the legion reluctantly became involved in the Russian civil war, fighting mostly on the anti-Bolshevik side, and controlled in mid-1918 much of the vital railroad line.
		However, plans (favored by some Allied officials) to use the legion for intervention against the Soviet regime never materialized.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/CzechL1eg.asp (314 words)

	The Odyssey of The Czech-Slovaks in WWI
		Since every Czech fighting on the side of the Entente was shot, if he was captured by the Austrians, the Czechs everywhere fought to the bitter end, and rather committed suicide than be captured by their enemies.
		Before the Revolution these efforts of the National Council and the Czech prisoners, who were always eager to fight for the Allies, were rendered immensely difficult by the obstacles inherent in the geographic conditions of Russia and by obstacles placed in their way by the old Russian régime.
		The Czechs simply occupied the city, liberated their comrades, and at a congress held by them at Tcheliabinsk on May 28th it was decided to refuse to surrender any more arms and ammunition and to continue transports to Vladivostok, if necessary with arms in their hands.
	nortvoods.net /rrs/siberia/czecharmy.htm (5876 words)

	Czech Legion
		In May, 1918, a group of soldiers in the Czech Legion were falsely accused of killing a man in Chelyabinsk, in Siberia.
		The rest of the Czech unit marched into town and freed their comrades being held by local Red Guards.
		The 100,000 strong Czech Legion responded by joining in the war against the Red Army.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSczech.htm (280 words)

	The Czech legion - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Czech Legion, their official military headquarters was established in Kiev, in the heart of the Czech emigre
		In January, 1918, Czechoslovakian legion commanders in Russia proclaimed, that this legion is a part of the Czechoslovakian army and is under command of the France.
		In May, Czhechoslovak legion, fearing to be disarmed and became POWs in Austria or Germany, launched an insurrection to ensure their passage to the sweet Vladivostok.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=95061 (6887 words)

	AllRefer.com - Thomas Garrigue Masaryk (Czech And Slovak History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Known as the Realist party, it emphasized the economic and social foundations of political power and strove for Czech equality, suffrage, and autonomy; the protection of minorities; and the unity of Czechs and Slovaks.
		At the outbreak of World War I, Masaryk fled abroad and, with Eduard Benes, formed the Czechoslovak national council, which in 1918 was recognized by the Allies as the de facto government of Czechoslovakia.
		Traveling widely during the war years, Masaryk raised funds in the United States for the Czech cause, and in Russia he organized (1917–18) the Czech Legion, an independent Czech army composed largely of former prisoners of war.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MasarykT.html (587 words)

	Polar Bear Expedition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		resurrecting the Eastern Front by defeating the Bolshevik Army with the assistance of the Czech Legion and an expanded anti-Bolshevik force drawn from the local citizenry.
		Therefore, when the American troops arrived one month later, they were immediately used in offensive operations to effect the rescue of the Czech Legion.
		Thus they gave up their goal of linking up with the Czech Legion and settled in to hold their gains over the coming winter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polar_Bear_Expedition (1204 words)

	Czech and Slovak History: An Annotated Bibliography (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Declaration of congress of Czech deputies held in Prague on 6 January 1918.
		Activities of Czechoslovak Legion discussed in Chapters 6, 7 and 9 of volume one, Intervention and the War.
		Zeman, Zbynek A. "The Czechs and the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914-18." PhD diss, University of Oxford, 1956.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/cash/cash7.html (9801 words)

	Milan Rastislav Stefánik
		Rifle Regiment was formed in that month. But it wasn't until the victory of Czech regiments at the Battle of Zborow in July 1917 that the Russians recognised the Legion as a viable and legitimate fighting force. In the summer of 1917, the Legion expanded to include the 4., 5., 6., 7., and 8.
		Cavalry Regiments were formed and the Legion was a full-fledge army in Russia.
		Czecho-Slovak force. As mentioned, the supreme commander of the Czecho-Slovak Legion was a French officer, General Janin. But in August 1918, Stefánik was named to command the Czecho-Slovak Legion in Russia. Although it was an independent front, he was still theoretically subordinate to Janin.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/stefanik.html (558 words)

	Tomas Masaryk
		Masaryk's scholarly career took a decisive turn in 1891, when he was elected to the Vienna parliament as a Young Czech Party candidate, which he had joined recently joined. Within two years, however, Masaryk resigned his seat in parliament, dissatisfied with the radical Young Czechs and their erratic, undetermined party policies.
		By 1907, however, Masaryk was well-known enough to be elected to the Vienna parliament as a deputy of his own Party, partially by allying his party with the Social Democrats. He kept his seat in parliament for two consecutive elections until the outbreak of the War in 1914.
		Red Hungary, troubles with Carpatho-Ukraine in the far eastern section of the country, and the fact that the Czech Legion in Russia was still battling the Bolsheviki; the Czechs would not evacuate Russia until 1920, when the cause of the White Armies was definitely lost.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/masaryk.html (598 words)

	The Historian: An American railroad man east of the Urals, 191... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Upon learning of the Czech action, Bolshevik leaders ordered its forces stationed along the Trans-Siberian to disarm the legion immediately, to execute on the spot every armed Czech found on the railway, and to imprison the Czech soldiers in every troop train in which even one armed man was discovered.
		His efforts gained the admiration of Czech military leaders, especially that of General Jan Syrovy, with whose troops Johnson had been early in July as they prepared to attack Ekaterinburg, the city in the northern Urals in which Tsar Nicholas II and his family were confined as prisoners of the Bolsheviks.
		When approached by Czechs or Russians regarding his political opinions, he responded in the manner expected of RRSC personnel, that he was not interested in political affairs but was concerned only with improving railway operation.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:21058929&refid=holomed_1 (6146 words)

	Struggle on the Steppes
		As a medical officer in the Czech Legion, Berler worked day and night, often with only an hour's sleep, to keep alive "young, mangled flesh, throbbing with fever;" or to treat the dying throngs on the battlefields.
		She persevered even as the Legion advanced to her hometown, where she learned that her family had perished in the concentration camps.
		Eventually, she joined the Czech Legion and, after the war, she fled Communism for Paris.
	www.jewishjournal.com /old/ruzenaberler.1.28.0.htm (436 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Tomas Masaryk
		Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937) was a leading campaigner for Czech independence both prior to and during World War One and was Czechoslovakia's first President with its creation at the close of the war.
		Throughout the war Masaryk worked closely with fellow Czech independence campaigner Eduard Benes, with the latter attending to political negotiations among the Allies while Masaryk functioned in a more ambassadorial capacity.
		Following negotiations with the new Bolshevik government in Russia in late 1917 the Czech Legion was formed with Russian blessing, comprised of Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war sited in Russia and which subsequently fought on the Eastern Front against the Central Powers.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/masaryk.htm (379 words)

	Who Was Yo Wun Hyung?
		And so the Legion moved to Siberia but en route the Czechs got embroiled in the Russian civil war on the side of the counter-revolutionaries.
		The Czech weapons were superior to the weapons used by the Japanese and made it possible for Gen. Hong Bom-do and other Korean military leaders to defeat the Japanese army in a series of battles.
		The Czechs stayed on and occupied key towns in Siberia and seized a large part of the Trans Siberia Railway.
	www.kimsoft.com /2002/mongyang.htm (5242 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 17
		The Czech report further refers to a statement made by the former Czech Minister Havelka dealing with the persecution of the members of the Czech Legion of the first World War insofar as they held public office.
		The export trade, for which Czech industries had worked to a considerable degree, was stopped for the duration of the war, that is to say, it had to trade with the Reich.
		VON LUDINGHAUSEN: The Czech report states further that you are to be blamed, or are to be made coresponsible, for the alleged confiscation of the Czech banks and industrial undertakings by the German economy.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/06-25-46.htm (20917 words)

	Czechoslovakia's Role in Soviet Strategy (review)
		The author begins in 1914, when Czech and Slovak contingents of the Austrian army at the Russian front shot their Austrian officers and defected to the Russian enemy.
		The history of this Czech Legion is described in detail.
		Benesh was cold-shouldered by the other Czech exiles, but with Russian help, managed to assert himself as their leader and while in Washington in May 1943, he assured F.D. Roosevelt of Soviet harmlessness and trustworthyness.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v03/v03p-89_Kalvoda.html (505 words)

	Siberia to United States 08/23/20
		There were also thousands of Czechs who had defected on the
		The Czech Legion had been built by the Russians from dissident Czech
		There were as many as 40,000 to 50,000 in the Legion on their arrival in eastern Siberia.
	www.stampwhiz.com /082320.html (566 words)

	Army Ships -- Army Transportation Service (A.T.S.)
		Another interesting comment concerns the evacuation of the Czech Legion from Vladivostok by Army transports.
		Robert Faltin has a single page with interesting photos of the Czech Legion and a number of the ATS vessels involved in their evacuation.
		The text is simply "These images are part of a collection documenting the trans-Siberian trek of the Czech legion during the Russian Revolution.
	patriot.net /~eastlnd2/army-ats.htm (1797 words)

	AllRefer.com - Czech Legion (Czech And Slovak History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Czech Legion (Czech And Slovak History) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Czech And Slovak History > Czech Legion
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Czech Legion
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CzechLeg.html (207 words)

	[No title]
		Legion Cavalry in kepi, on trotting or standing mules (specify) $21.98 FL-6(t/s) Mtd.
		Legion Cavalry in pith helmet, on trotting or standing mules (specify) $21.98 FL-8 Legion Mtd.
		Arab Scouts in headdress, on scout horses $21.98 FL-9 Legion Mtd.
	members.aol.com /hedeadjim1/bb.doc (490 words)

	Military & History Trivia # 14 - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the Civil War in Russia, large parts of Siberia were held by foreign troops, known as the "xxx Legion".
		During the C band who were onctivil War in Russia, large parts of Siberia were held by foreign troops, known as the "xxx Legion".
		Czech prisoners of war from the Autro-Hungarian Army and Czech separatists in serivce in the Imperial Russian Army was the base of one of the stronger white armies.
	p090.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=62.topic (1705 words)

	USUSC MS233: Masaryk Collection
		Six years later, he was appointed to Czech professorship at the University of Prague.
		In the Austrian Reichsrat and the Bohemian Landtag, Masaryk served as deputy of the Young Czech (Liberal) party from 1891 to 1893.
		In 1917 he organized the Czech Legion after receiving permission from Bolshevik leaders.
	library.usu.edu /Specol/manuscript/collms233.html (1895 words)

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