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Topic: Czechoslovak Legions

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	Czechoslovakia - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Czechs and the Slovaks, or, to give them their united name, the Czechoslovaks, are a branch of the great Slav family of which the Russians are the most numerous and the most important member and to which the Serbo-Croats with the Slovenes, the Poles, the Bulgarians and the Wends of Germany also belong.
		In Russia a Czechoslovak legion was formed at the outset of the war, and later this grew into a regular army which by 1918 numbered 10o,000 men.
		The democratic sentiment of the Czechoslovak nation, and its maturity in social matters, resulted in the adoption of a social policy which, while proceeding without undue haste, was characterized by a comparatively rapid course of reform.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Czechoslovakia (8539 words)

	CZECHOSLOVAK LEGIONS IN ITALY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On 17th January 1917 the Czechoslovak Volunteer corps was founded there, with Sokol functionary J. Čapek being in the lead.
		It consisted of the 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment /the 35th and 39th Regiment came into existence in September/.
		Almost 20.000 men were assigned to the legions in Italy, out of which 350 were killed.
	www.cslegie.wz.cz /AJ/italieAJ.htm (263 words)

	Czechoslovak Legions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monument to the Czechoslovak Legions, Palacky square, Prague.
		The Czechoslovak Legions (Československé legie in Czech and Slovak) were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers during World War I.
		The fact the the Czech Legion was just a day away appears to have been one of the motivating forces behind the assassination of the Czar and his family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czechoslovak_Legions (1959 words)

	[No title]
		Consequently, Czechoslovak Legions were formed in France to fight against Germany on the Western Front, in Italy to fight Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front and in Russia to fight against Germany and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front (of course, Czechoslovak Legions is often shortened to simply 'Czech Legions' in Western literature...).
		A small scuffle developed between the soldiers of the Czechoslovak Legion and some Hungarian/German prisoners of war and one of the Hungarian/German soldiers was shot in the incident.
		And that is the summary of the story of the Czechoslovak Legion's involvement in the Russian Civil War.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/30-44588.aspx (1130 words)

	Czechoslovak Legions Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Instead od that, they had entered incipient Czechoslovak Army and went back to the fronts of the bloody war to fight out the freedom of their country, which was still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		During the period od First Czechoslovak Republic (1918 to 1938), the legionaries were fine example for next generations, which carried on their traditions during the Second World War, fighting for the freedom of Czechoslovakia.
		Between 1948 and 1989, during the communistic period, the memory and ideals of the Czechoslovak legions were supressed as intensively, that the most of people today don´t know the history and the background of the birth of our independent state.
	www.pamatnik.valka.cz /stranky/uvodEN.php (513 words)

	Info o Múzeu SNP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Czechoslovak parachute group came to Slovakia and there was a change at the post of commanders between the 3
		Czechoslovak Army Corp came to this territory, he contacted its commander for his classification.
		Later he was a deputy commander of the colonel J. Heřman, which led the anti-Banders unit, from April 16, 1946 to September 29, 1947.
	www.muzeumsnp.sk /english/osobnost/kuna.htm (441 words)

	Eastern Silesia 1918 - 1920
		On October 28, 1918 the Czechoslovak Republic was established.
		This decision incensed the Czechoslovak legions in Russia.
		The message is clear : because of Šnejdárek expedition the Czechoslovak military units moved from all other areas to the territory near the Polish border to be able to defend Czechoslovak territory in case of a Polish attack.
	czechphilatelist.tripod.com /snejdarek (3705 words)

	Untitled Document
		Czechoslovak National Council was reorganized and consisted of these component parts: Czech National Alliance, Slovak National Alliance and the National Alliance of Czech Catholics.
		As Czechoslovak refugees were crowding into camps in Germany and Austria, it became necessary to give aid to the escapees from communism and to support the American Fund for Czechoslovak Refugees, established by Dr. Jan Papánek and the friends of Czechoslovakia.
		The chapter was organized by Edward Dellin of Northbrook, in 1964, for the purpose of uniting Czechoslovak residents of Chicagoland's North Shore and their relatives and friends to promote the cause of a free and democratic Czechoslovakia.
	www.ncsml.org /CNCA/history.htm (10447 words)

	Info o Múzeu SNP
		regiment of the Czechoslovak legions to Tešínsko to displace the Polish army, which occupied this territory.
		He was accepted to the Czechoslovak army with the rank of lieutenant on January 1, 1920.
		Czechoslovak army in Slovakia on September 9, 1944.
	www.muzeumsnp.sk /english/osobnost/cernek.htm (772 words)

	Return Czechoslovak legions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Units of the Czechoslovak military volunteers during the world War I. which formed roregin army in Russia, France and Italy were called The Czechoslovak Legion.
		After the establishment of the new Czechoslovak state, the legions were considered as one of the most important suports of the demokratish republic.
		He was sentenced by the judge of 7th Czechoslovak brigade KIFFER then he was shot(26th November 1919)in Slovakia, Because he had drunk in a vine celar during an alarm.
	fredrika.se /Gammalt/ERIKA/Samhalle/Projekt/Peace/tjeckien/VOJACI.HTM (566 words)

	Czechoslovak War Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Czechoslovak War Cross 1918 (Československý válečný kříž in Czech) was an military award, awarded for acts of military valour during the years of the First World War.
		The Czechoslovak War Cross was also, on occasion, issued to veterans of the Allied powers who had played a large role in World War I and were considered contributors to the formation of the Czechoslovak state.
		The second Czechoslovak War Cross was known as the Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 and a common phrase for the decoration was also the Czechoslovak Croix de Guerre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czechoslovakian_War_Cross (412 words)

	Members of Czechoslovak military units (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		From 03.02.1942 was possible to recruit new volunteers among "Soviet citizens of Czechoslovak nationality" and at the same time Soviet state committee of defense approved amnesty for all Czechoslovak citizens, which were arrested, charged with "illegal border overrun" and put in prisons.
		In meantime Czechoslovak units, in spite of Hungarian military invasion, began organised retreat and evacuation of Czechoslovak soldiers, citizens and state property from territory of Subcarpathian Rus.
		Soviet amnesty for Czechoslovak citizens in February 1942 was not kept in relation to Rusyns, who Soviets considered as Hungarian spies.
	www.czechpatriots.com /csmu/members.php (1821 words)

	Alison Bridge: white 001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Joining the Czechoslovak legions in Russia, however, had not proven to be such a bright decision.
		Tomaszewski had stopped looking for logic a long time ago, and was not greatly surprised to find himself in the middle of the revolt, attacking the “Reds”, propping the “Whites”, and… capturing eight train cars of gold bullion from the Russian Imperial reserve in the meantime.
		The policing operation that was handed over to the Legion and Tomaszewski personally (that was the second time when he had to endure Kolchak’s cold and piercing glance) quickly turned into the full-blown and effective control of the only possible means of escaping to the East and channeling the gold out of Russia.
	alisonbridge.com /White/w001.html (1245 words)

	Tag » Legions
		As legions were not standing armies until the Marian reforms (c.
		Legions is a place where you can create creatures and let them go and live in a...
		The Czechoslovak Legions (Československé legie in Czech and Slovak, or sometimes...
	ummyeah.com /tag/legions (360 words)

	Pražský hrad - History and tradition
		The nature of its work was of a primarily informational character: it formally and materially prepared decisions of the President as Commander in Chief, mediated contact between the President and the Minister of National Defence, communication with civil institutions and the public.
		The foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic on 28 October 1918 was the initial impetus for the establishment of a detachment singled out for guarding the seat of the President of the Republic at the Prague Castle.
		The history of the Prague Castle Guards is very rich, reflecting development and all changes in the society from the date of their foundation, which is especially obvious already in the brief and concise summary.
	www.hrad.cz /en/kancelar_prezidenta/vkpr/historie_tradice.shtml (1181 words)

	Ministry of Defence - Ministry of Defence in 1918 - 1989
		Its concurrent tasks included efforts for the early return of soldiers serving in the Czechoslovak Legions, for the beginning of unification within the defence force, for setting up garrisons on disputed border territories, and for the build-up of the defence industry.
		The Minister of National Defence also commanded the Office of the Czechoslovak Legions, whose task was to keep records on the Legions' soldiers, help them in their transfer to civilian jobs, and take care of the legionnaires’ next-of-kin survivors, as well as to compile historical records on the activities of the Czechoslovak Legions.
		It was disbanded in January 1943 in connection with the formation of the Staff for the Build-up of the Czechoslovak Defence Force, charged with the development of material for the build-up of the new Czechoslovak Army.
	www.army.cz /scripts/detail.php?id=6081 (2146 words)

	Nase noviny - Karel Klapalek
		In September 1944 he was sent to the U.S.S.R., where he, as a commander of the 3rd Czechoslovak Brigade and, from April 1945, as a commander of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps, took part in the fierce fightings during the liberation of Czechoslovakia.
		During WWI, he fought as a company commander in the ranks of the Czechoslovak legions in Russia and also took part in its Siberia peril.
		However, after the news of French surrender arrived, he departed for British Palestine, together with a group of about 200 Czechoslovaks, who were previously waiting for transport to France.
	www.nasenoviny.com /KKlapalekEN.html (370 words)

	The First Czechoslovak Republic - Czech republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Czechoslovak troops were deployed at the fronts in France, Italy and above all in Russia.
		It was primarily thanks to the legions and their successful military performance with the Czechoslovak National Council, which won international recognition for the Czechoslovak state.
		Czechoslovak state power was not established immediately in Slovakia, which had been part of the Hungarian kingdom for centuries.
	www.czech.cz /predstaveni_cr/article_detail.aspx?id=1209 (1597 words)

	Czechoslovak Philately
		Ján Karásek, the leading expert on Czechoslovak stamps, has prepared a most handsome book will be the perfect Christmas or birthday gift for any collector of Czechoslovakia.
		Czechoslovak Specialist (bound) (E) Semi-annual bound volumes of the Czechoslovak Specialist.
		The Czecho-Slovak Legion in Poland and Russia and Czechoslovaks in the Middle East, 1940 - 1943
	www.czechoslovakphilately.com /education/books (1052 words)

	The History of Sokol
		The patriotism of Sokol was to be seen from the very beginning - Sokols made trips in national costumes, were present to national ceremonies, public exercises, etc, and that all encouraged people to show their patriotism.
		Sokol fulfilled its patriotic role during the World War I. When Czechoslovak legions were founded and during the days of the revolution in October 1918, Sokol members helped to keep peace in towns.
		It was banned by all totalitarian regimes in Czechoslovak history.
	www.geocities.com /sokolboi/history.htm (512 words)

	RP's History Online - WWI and Independence
		The Czech university professor, philosopher and politician, Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (the same one who doubted the authenticity of the faked manuscripts and the one who was later to become Czechoslovakia's first president) had been an advocate of more independence for the Czech lands long before the war had even started.
		The Czechoslovak Legions earned particular distinction on the Italian, French, and Russian fronts - and on the last of these, they actually became involved in the Russian Revolution, fighting against the Bolsheviks and, for a time during that revolution, controlled about half of the territory of Czarist Russia.
		In October 1918, Masaryk, Benes and Stefanik obtained recognition of the Czechoslovak National Council as the interim government of the Czechoslovak Republic from the Allied Powers.
	archiv.radio.cz /history/history09.html (706 words)

	Milan-Rastislav-Stefanik-(1880-1919)
		Its main aim on the field of diplomacy was to initiate connections with western governments and in the military sphere to build foreign legions in the U.S.A., Russia, France and Italy made up of Czech and Slovak volunteers.
		After the war and establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic the new state had a good position for negotiations at the Paris peace conference, mainly thanks to the fact, that volunteer legions fought on the side of the western countries.
		There he was heavily involved in the formation of the Czechoslovak legions, the breakaway army which fought with Britain and France against Austro-Hungary.
	www.tfsimon.com /stefanik-note.htm (2737 words)

	American Czech-Slovak Cultural Club, Non Profit Organization, North Miami, Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sokol is the Czechoslovak word for falcon, and it is an appropriate symbol, since the falcon is a bird that has a great love of freedom, as well as strength, courage and agility.
		When Czechoslovak legions were founded and during the days of the revolution in October 1918, Sokol members helped to keep peace in towns.
		The CSO (Czechoslovak Sokol Organization) published a wide range of magazines and booklets to assist the work of its units, including advice on organizing events and music for cultural performances and festivals.
	www.south-florida.us /czecharticle.htm (1019 words)

	Exhibition looks at work of two great artists as members of Czechoslovak Legions during Great War - 23-11-2006 - Radio ...
		Frantisek Kupka and Otto Gutfreund are two of the most important Czech artists of the first half of the 20th century; Kupka was a great painter and graphic artist, while Gutfreund is best known for his sculptures.
		The artists Kupka and Gutfreund were not the only well known figures to pass through the Czechoslovak Legions during World War One.
		Indeed he spent the latter half of the war in a military prison, after taking part in a protest against a French government decision to categorise Czechoslovaks as enemies, because they were from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/85551 (843 words)

	Living Prague - Independent Tourist Information and Czech History (WW1) Guide
		Over time, this organization was renamed the Czechoslovak National Council and was recognized as the valid voice of Czechoslovakia by Allied leaders.
		Their position as the leaders of "free Czechoslovakia" was further strengthened with the formation of Czechoslovak military units known as the Czechoslovak Legions, which fought alongside the Allies.
		The Czechoslovak Legions earned particular distinction on the Italian, French, and Russian fronts - and on the last of these, they actually became involved in the Russian Revolution, fighting against the Bolsheviks and, for a time during that revolution, controlled about half of the territory of Tsarist Russia.
	www.livingprague.com /history1.htm (604 words)

	Nase noviny - Alois Liska
		During the First World War, particularly in 1916, he was taken prisoner on the Russian front, a year later he entered the Czechoslovak legions in Russia and was placed with the artillery.
		After his return to Czechoslovakia he became a professional officer and for almost the whole inter-war period he was with the 51st Artillery Regiment, where he built up his career from a company commander to the Regiment's commanding officer.
		From March 1943 he commanded the Czechoslovak Independent Brigade, which he, until Spring 1944, converted to armour.
	www.nasenoviny.com /ALiskaEN.html (179 words)

	Rice fiasco
		[Czechoslovak] Resistance was never as pervasive as in other Eastern European countries and the movements that did operate were dispersed and poorly organized.
		The Legion was beset with defections and many young soldiers were won to the Soviet side.
		The Czechoslovaks had assumed that Khrushchev's promise to "defend the territory of Czechoslovakia.....as if it were our own" was immutable.
	www.anti-communistanalyst.com /Ricefiasco.html (6572 words)

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