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Topic: Czeslaw Kiszczak

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	Military Council of National Salvation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The body was created on December 13, 1981 and was dissolved on July 22, 1983.
		It consisted of 15 generals, 1 admiral, 4 colonels and 1 lt.col. Among the most notable members were Wojciech Jaruzelski, Mirosław Hermaszewski and Czesław Kiszczak.
		The rather unfortunate lettering of the Polish acronym (WRON; 'wrona' means 'crow' in Polish) was immediately picked up by those that the regime sought to repress and widely used in a form of non-violent opposition: jokes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Council_of_National_Salvation (139 words)

	General convicted over 1981 shootings - The Boston Globe
		WARSAW -- Poland's communist-era interior minister was convicted yesterday of authorizing riot police in 1981 to open fire on miners protesting a crackdown on the Solidarity movement, killing nine.
		Kiszczak, who pleaded not guilty, was acquitted in 1996, but an appeals court ordered a retrial.
		At that time, Kiszczak, who was anticipating protests, signed a coded message granting riot police the right to shoot at demonstrators.
	www.boston.com /news/world/articles/2004/03/18/general_convicted_over_1981_shootings (607 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Polish Leader Abandons Bid for Coalition
		WARSAW--Polish Prime Minister Czeslaw Kiszczak said yesterday he is ready to resign and abandon his bid to form a new government so that the head of the smaller United Peasant Party, Roman Malinowski, can form a coalition government.
		Kiszczak was elected prime minister August 2, winning a majority in Parliament despite opposition from the Solidarity caucus, which holds 35 percent the seats in the lower house.
		Kiszczak said he had been trying to assemble a cabinet, but Walesa's proposal "complicates and prolongs the process." He also said the Walesa proposal indicated the Solidarity leader's negative attitude toward any form of coalition government had eased, creating "new chances" for the "grand coalition" which he and the Communist Party have long advocated.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=130672 (728 words)

	Poland Declares Emergency Rules to Quell Strikes
		The measures were announced on national television by the Interior Minister, Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak, as the strikes spread.
		General Kiszczak vowed that there would be "no return to August 1980," when Solidarity was born, "nor will there be a return to 1981," the year martial law was imposed.
		General Kiszczak said he had asked the Ministry of National Defense to "assure the continuity of public transport in affected areas." The police action in Szczecin, which evidently cleared cleared three of five transportation depots of striking workers, appeared to be in line with this request.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/europe/082388poland-strike.html (992 words)

	Polish Communist Reassures Government - New York Times
		Poland's Interior Minister, Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak, pledged loyalty to the new Solidarity-led Government today and said that security forces would not attempt a coup against it.
		In an interview with the Solidarity daily Gazeta Wyborcza, General Kiszczak said his presence and that of a fellow Communist, Gen. Florian Siwicki, in the Government as Interior and Defense Ministers was a guarantee against a coup by disgruntled officials.
		Generals Kiszczak and Siwicki are among four Communists in the Solidarity-dominated Government of Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, which is to be sworn in on Tuesday.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DE1231F931A2575AC0A96F948260 (213 words)

	Solidarity's Coming Victory: Big or Too Big?
		Following miners’ strikes in the summer of 1988, Lech Walesa and Interior Minister Czeslaw Kiszczak met secretly throughout the fall and winter of 1988 opening a Solidarity-government dialogue.
		In direct communications between the PZPR and the Church, Kiszczak said that if Jaruzelski "was not elected president then we would be facing a further destabilization and the whole process of political transformation would have to end.
		Kiszczak even alluded to the recent events in Tiananmen Square, but he was not worried about a Soviet military intervention, only the drastic effects Soviet economic measures could have in Poland.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB42 (4280 words)

	Poland-Martial-Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But the three-judge panel gave Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak, 78, a two-year suspended sentence.
		Kiszczak, who pleaded not guilty, said at the close of his three-year trial he was surprised by the verdict and did not know whether he would appeal, TVN24 television reported.
		Kiszczak was acquitted in 1996 but an appeals court ordered a retrial.
	www.cp.org /premium/ONLINE/member/World/040317/w0317107A.html (237 words)

	Poland - Transition and Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		General Czeslaw Kiszczak, Jaruzelski's minister of internal affairs throughout the martial law period, also was held over in Mazowiecki's first cabinet.
		Kiszczak began redirecting the charter of the infamous special police services away from their traditional communist role of support for the government in power and toward protection of society as a whole.
		In 1989, for the first time since the interwar period, the military came under open scrutiny by the Polish media and parliament.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-10784.html (507 words)

	Poland - The Mazowiecki Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although Jaruzelski had won the presidency, Solidarity was not willing to concede the leadership of the new government to the PZPR.
		Jaruzelski's choice for the position of prime minister, General Czeslaw Kiszczak, had won respect for his flexibility as the primary government representative during the round table talks.
		Kiszczak received the necessary simple majority of Sejm seats by the narrowest of margins.
	countrystudies.us /poland/64.htm (195 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		A Warsaw district court sentenced communist-era Interior Minister Czeslaw Kiszczak on 17 March to four years in prison for ordering police to fire on miners during the 1981 martial-law crackdown on Solidarity, Polish media reported, but immediately mitigated the punishment to a two-year suspended sentence in light of an amnesty.
		Kiszczak is the first senior communist-era official to be convicted of a crime in a Polish court.
		Kiszczak issued a coded instruction to police units on 12 December 1981 establishing principles for the use of firearms under martial law.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2004/03/3-CEE/cee-180304.asp (1874 words)

	TIME.com: Poland To the Brink -- and Back Again -- Aug. 14, 1989 -- Page 1
		But Kiszczak ran into such fierce resistance from both the Solidarity opposition and some legislators allied with the Communists that frantic politicking continued right down to the wire.
		During his eight-year tenure as Interior Minister, Kiszczak controlled the police and paramilitary forces and was responsible for hunting down and jailing Solidarity activists during the martial-law crackdown that began in 1981.
		But Kiszczak's experience at quelling unrest may be a primary reason why Jaruzelski pushed his candidacy.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,958353,00.html (686 words)

	Poland: Continuity and Change Demokratizatsiya - Find Articles
		General Czeslaw Kiszczak, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Jaruzelski's most trusted colleague, was the initiator of the talks as well as the guarantor of the negotiated terms.
		This was ensured by the elevation of General Kiszczak, Jaruzelski's confidante, to a preeminent position in the new, post-Communist political order.
		During Kiszczak's tenure as Minister of Internal Affairs in the administration of Tadeusz Mazowiecki (July 1989-May 1990), no structural or personnel changes took place in the MSW.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200407/ai_n9409106 (883 words)

	Poland
		In December 1999, lawyers representing miners submitted a motion requesting the retrial of former Communist Interior Minister Czeslaw Kiszczak for his role in the pacification of the Wujek mine, but a Katowice district court did not rule on the motion by year's end.
		In December 1999, the Warsaw regional court ruled that Kiszczak's health made it possible for him (although to a limited degree) to face the court and thus rejected a defense motion to suspend his trial because of poor health.
		Kiszczak appealed; the trial was still pending at year's end.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eur/879.htm (13634 words)

	Czeslaw Milosz - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Czeslaw Milosz - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Miłosz, Czeslaw (1911-2004), Polish poet, essayist, novelist, translator, and Nobel laureate, whose works are concerned predominantly with the...
		Search for books about your topic, "Czeslaw Milosz"
	encarta.msn.com /Czeslaw_Milosz.html (42 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships
		Similarly, advocates of a compromise with the communists in the "Solidarnoc" authorities had to convince their companions that the strategy of settlement was reasonable and politically correct.
		The encounter between the Chairman of Solidarity, Lech Walesa, and the Interior Minister, General Czeslaw Kiszczak, on 30 August 1988 should be considered as a moment when a new political game started in Poland.
		The PUWP was given the strategic ministries: Defence and Internal Affairs, filled by two generals (Florian Siwicki and Czes_aw Kiszczak) belonging to the old military faction in the Communist leadership.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/gruszcza/03.htm (3758 words)

	World Watch - Catholic World Report - February 2001
		Piotrowski said his immediate superior, Col. Adam Pietruszka, was the main “decision-maker and dispatcher in the case.” Piotrowski recalled how he and Pietruszka discussed plans to abduct and beat Father Popieluszko to terrify and silence the priest.
		Piotrowski said he was convinced the plan to silence the priest was approved by top police officials, including then-Interior Minister Czeslaw Kiszczak.
		He added that he felt that the decision was made at a level higher than Kiszczak.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Igpress/2001-02/wpoland.html (230 words)

	Poland HISTORY
		Thus the first prime minister under the new arrangement was General Czeslaw Kiszczak, named 2 August 1989.
		However, impatience with the obviously discredited Communists was growing, feeding support for a formula advanced by senior Solidarity activist Adam Michnik, "Your President, Our Prime Minister." After a mere 15 days in office, General Kiszczak succumbed to this pressure and resigned.
		Although it was widely expected that Lech Walesa might lead the first Solidarity government, he demurred, instead putting forward Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who took office on 24 August 1989, the first non-Communist prime minister in the eastern bloc.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Poland-HISTORY.html (3860 words)

	CNN.com - Polish shooting suspects acquitted - October 31, 2001
		The 22 defendants were acquitted on the same charges in 1997 after a four-and-a-half-year trial, but an appeals court found procedural mistakes and ordered a retrial.
		The interior minister at the time of the shootings, General Czeslaw Kiszczak, is on trial separately in Warsaw.
		He is charged with signing a coded message that allowed riot police to open fire at the miners.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/10/30/poland.court/index.html?related (516 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In November, after a trial that lasted nearly 4 years, a provincial court in Katowice acquitted 22 riot police of murder charges stemming from the same incident, citing a lack of evidence of the officers' direct involvement in the miners' deaths.
		Kiszczak's case was returned to the regional court for retrial.
		The trial of five former senior army and police officers charged in connection with the deaths of 44 demonstrators during the December 1970 riots again was postponed.
	www.terrorism.net /Pubs/dosfan-hr/97/europe/poland.txt (11795 words)

	[No title]
		But at some point Lech Walesa came to the conclusion that Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak, interior minister at the time, would be a more appropriate figure.
		A veteran officer who had held high state and government positions and maintained extensive contacts abroad, including with the Pope, was one thing, but a functionary who had always stayed in the background was quite another.
		Addressing the 13th plenary session of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party, I, unexpectedly to many, said that my officer's and human dignity did not allow me to use political props and devious tactics so I was coming out in favor of Czeslaw Kiszczak.
	english.mn.ru /english/printver.php?2004-27-16 (1545 words)

	Central Europe Review - Poland News Review
		The Katowice regional court will decide whether Czeslaw Kiszczak should be included in the legal action taken against 22 former ZOMO (Militia) officers, who have been accused of shooting at coal mine workers from the Wujek and Manifest Lipcowy mines, in December 1981.
		Kiszczak, who was minister of internal affairs at the time, is accused of "causing common danger for the life and health of people."
		Jerzy Widzyk, the chief of the Prime Minister's chancellery, informed the public this week that inspections carried out by the Ministry of Defense into the GROM special military unit came up with irregularities in every phase of public tenders.
	www.ce-review.org /99/25/polandnews25.html (1869 words)

	Stunning Vote Casts Poles Into Uncharted Waters
		The Communists insisted on the list because it included virtually all of the senior leaders, including most of the men around General Jaruzelski who support his efforts to overhaul the political and economic system.
		Among them are Prime Minister Rakowski and Czeslaw Kiszczak, the Interior Minister, who conducted the negotations for the Government that led to the restoration of Solidarity's legal status.
		Others are the Defense Minister, Gen. Florian Siwicki, who is also a close associate of General Jaruzelski, the former central bank chief, Wladyslaw Baka, who is among the architects of the Government economic changes, and Stanislaw Ciosek and Jozef Czyrek, two of the most change-oriented Politburo members.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/europe/060689poland-vote.html (1136 words)

	Welcome to NSZZ Solidarnosc Web Site! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Amnesty for all persons sentenced or arrested for "crimes and violations against the state and public order" declared by general Czeslaw Kiszczak.
		General Czeslaw Kiszczak, the Minister of the Interior, in a television speech, proposes Round Table negotiations.
		Kiszczak appeals for putting an end to strikes and promises to take care of legalisation of "Solidarnosc".
	www.solidarnosc.org.pl /english/about/eng_about_03.htm (1383 words)

	[No title]
		Lech Walesa told a rally of nearly all the 10,000 workers at the Lenin shipyard Wednesday that Solidarity and a government-backed union will cooperate for the first time to try to keep the shipyard open.
		The government, meanwhile, announced a new approach to Walesa by Interior Minister Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak to start delayed talks between authorities and the opposition on Poland's future.
		Walesa, leader of the outlawed Solidarity union, announced the unprecedented cooperation with the rival official OPZZ trade union during the outdoor rally at the shipyard where Solidarity sprang up during nationwide strikes in August 1980.
	ils.unc.edu /~viles/172i/users/big/docs/AP881102-0126 (804 words)

	Poland The Military and Society - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Because of public pressure, Jaruzelski himself was called to testify about the killing of striking coal miners in 1981.
		Czeslaw Kiszczak, who had been minister of internal affairs in 1981, was scheduled for indictment in the fall of 1992 for issuing orders to shoot strikers.
		Some Poles demanded the largescale trial of former communist authorities, but by mid-1992 none had gone to jail.
	www.photius.com /countries/poland/national_security/poland_national_security_the_military_and_soc~1070.html (1029 words)

	Polish church faces questions about role under communism
		Up to 10 percent of Catholic priests are believed to have collaborated with a communist-controlled “Patriot Priests” organization during the post-war Stalinist period, while surviving archives suggest as many as one in four was “in contact” with Poland’s secret police, the SB.
		In a letter a year ago to Poland’s Gazeta Wyborcza daily, a former interior minister, Gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak, said he had agreed to the destruction of documents “presenting many clergy in an unfavorable light” when church-state relations were normalized in 1989.
		Andrzej Grajewski, a Catholic historian, believes SB recruitment intensified in the stormy 1980s, when some priests acted as informers while denouncing communism from their pulpits.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/040502/040502n.htm (868 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In February the appeals court in Warsaw overturned the two-year suspended sentence handed down by the district court in May 2004 to former interior minister Czeslaw Kiszczak for his role in the 1981 killings at the Wujek mine.
		In August the district court determined that the case was a "Communist-era crime" that should either be heard by the institute for national remembrance (IPN) or be dismissed on the basis of an expired statute of limitations.
		The prosecutor appealed that decision, and the appeal court ruled in September that the district court must hear the case.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/060compecon/Centeur/Poland/060308rights.txt (9023 words)

	[No title]
		For Generals Czeslaw Kiszczak and Wojciech Jaruzelski, for example, the Round Table appears as a logical outcome of an unswerving effort to help Poland out of its crisis-in the same way as was the declaration of martial law itself.
		His letter to the conference will be deposited in the conference archives and I encourage all of you, who would be interested in reading his response, to consult these archives when they are completed.
		I think those talks took six hours or longer and Walesa was just about ready to agree to a three-part communiqué: what the general talked about, what Walesa talked about, that he talked about re-legalization of Solidarity and trade union pluralism, and the third part that they actually met there and at such-and-such time.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/PolishRoundTable/rtsession2a.html (15775 words)

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