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	Denial-of-service attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a Distributed Denial of Service Attack (also, DDoS), the attacking computer hosts are often zombie computers with broadband connections to the Internet that have been compromised by viruses or Trojan horse programs that allow the perpetrator to remotely control the machine and direct the attack, often through a botnet or dosnet.
		The binary that was analyzed turned out to be yet another DDoS agent, which implemented several DNS related attacks, including an optimized form of a reflection attack.
		The reality is that most DDoS attacks are no more SYN floods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DDoS (2746 words)

	Cs3 - The Reverse Firewall: Defeating DDoS
		DDoS attacks are usually conducted through "zombies" -- computers that have come under the control of the attacker.
		Most DDoS attacks are carried out via "slaves" or "zombies", machines that have been compromised, and come under the control of the attacker(s).
		While DDoS attacks are mainly targeted at a victim outside the infrastructure provider's local network, they are, in fact, also attacking the legitimate users of the local network infrastructure.
	www.cs3-inc.com /rfw.html (2010 words)

	Preventing DDoS attacks LG #126
		The specialty of DDoS is that the attacks do not come from a single network or host but from a number of different hosts or networks which have been previously compromised.
		DDoS, like many other attack schemes, can be considered to consist of three participants; we can refer to these as the Master, the Slave, and the Victim.
		In a DDoS attack, the individual slave machine doesn't have much importance; it is the network which matters the most, since an attacker could be using any or even all of the machines on a compromised network.
	linuxgazette.net /126/cherian.html (2044 words)

	In search of a cure for DDoS attacks - TechUpdate - ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Despite DDoS attacks violating legal statutes, the "law" and even your ISP may prove to be uninterested in your plight, as they were in mine when my Internet connection was singled out for such an attack.
		Although Microsoft was recently able to fend off the DDoS attack that was connected with the e-mail borne MyDoom virus, the SCO Group eventually buckled under the load.
		Avoiding DDoS attacks altogether requires that you not reveal your IP address to someone who may be in a position to launch such an attack, which is a difficult proposition.
	techupdate.zdnet.com /techupdate/stories/main/In_search_of_a_cure_for_DDoS_attacks_.html (1949 words)

	Barbarians at the Gate: An Introduction to Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
		A cracker breaks into a large number of Internet-connected computers (often using automated software known as an autorooter) and installs the DDoS software package (of which there are several variations).
		Given the fact that the slaves can be located anywhere in the world, the sad truth is that the DDoS flood more often ends due to the attacker's whim than to any action taken by the targetted system's administrator.
		The major difficulty in defeating a DDoS lies in the spoofed IP addresses of the attackers.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1647 (2034 words)

	Closing the Floodgates: DDoS Mitigation Techniques
		To be on the receiving end of a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is a nightmare scenario for any network administrator, security specialist or access provider.
		To truly alleviate the effects of a DDoS flood, the traffic will have to be blocked at a point higher up the chain - likely a device under a large providers control.
		This means that many of the products that claim to prevent DDoS attacks are ultimately useless for smaller networks and their end users.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1655 (1754 words)

	Preventing DDoS Attacks - The Community's Center for Security
		DDOS is like a disease which doesn't have an anti-viral developed.
		But during DDOS attack, the number will go even higher and thats when we need to find out from which all networks are these attacks coming.
		DDOS can be prevented to a certain extend, if hosts and network are secure.
	www.linuxsecurity.com /content/view/121960?rdf (2129 words)

	Network Computing \| Feature \| Security \| DDoS: Internet Weapons of Mass Destruction \| Page 1 \| January 8, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		DDoS attacks are a new variation on the theme of denial of service, and they pose a serious threat to any Internet-based enterprise, regardless of infrastructure redundancy or robustness.
		DDoS attacks -- in which multiple systems generate the attack on a single target -- are the next logical step.
		The most prominently seen DDoS tools vary by their methods of attack, communication between master and agents, and the system privileges needed to execute an attack.
	www.networkcomputing.com /1201/1201f1c1.html (1304 words)

	The Distributed Reflection DoS Attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As I discovered and documented in May of 2001, powerful, remote Internet attack tools are now in the hands of children who wield their disruptive power with little thought for, or remorse over, the consequences.
		DDoS: Much higher levels of flooding traffic can be generated by focusing the combined bandwidth of multiple machines onto a single target machine or network.
		Traditional DDoS attacks have used large networks of attacking machines for two purposes: To generate large aggregate flooding volume, and to diffuse the source of their attacks.
	www.grc.com /dos/drdos.htm (7862 words)

	Distributed Denial-Of-Service
		To describe and understand DDoS attacks, it is important to understand the terminology that is used to describe the attacks and the tools.
		DDoS attacks require the (unintended) collusion of hundreds or thousands of computers to attack a few victims and defense against DDoS attacks requires the (intended) cooperation of tens of thousands of ISPs and customer networks.
		DDoS attacks will be with us for some time but there are ways today to minimize them -- but they require continued diligence at locking down all of the hosts connected to the Internet.
	www.garykessler.net /library/ddos.html (4298 words)

	Defeating DDoS
		Before discussing details of DDoS attacks and defense mechanisms it is useful to give a coarse grain overview and classification over security threats in general.
		Using client/server technology, the perpetrator is able to multiply the effectiveness of the Denial of Service significantly by harnessing the resources of multiple unwitting accomplice computers which serve as attack platforms.
		In the second half of 1999 DDoS tools matured to a point where a wide spread use was foreseeable.
	www10.org /cdrom/papers/409 (7666 words)

	News @ Cisco: DDoS Protection Solution Builds on Cisco Managed Service Leadership
		DDoS attacks are becoming more prevalent due to readily available attack creation tools, while motivations are becoming increasingly varied and malicious.
		While DDoS attacks were once primarily the work of hackers who wanted to temporarily take well-known sites offline to get media attention, they are more recently being used as the foundation of elaborate extortion schemes, costing companies millions of dollars.
		Unlike other DDoS defense techniques, the Cisco DDoS protection solution is designed to deliver "clean pipes" capabilities that consist of several major functional elements working towards protecting a network from DDoS attacks, including detection, mitigation, and traffic diversion and injection.
	newsroom.cisco.com /dlls/2005/prod_060605b.html (1277 words)

	Ultra Tech: DDOS Attacks: Cyber Terrorism: The Latest Technology News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus, a key to thinking about DDoS attacks is that it's not so much a kind of attack as it is an effect of many different kinds of network attacks.
		In other words, a DDoS may result from malignant code attacking the TCP/IP protocol or by assaulting server resources, or it could be as simple as too many users demanding too much bandwidth at one time.
		With DDoS attacks on the rise, you'd be wise to at least familiarize yourself with DDoS attacks prevention services.
	ultra-tech.blogspot.com /2006/01/ddos-attacks-cyber-terrorism_14.html (1377 words)

	SOTM 28 - DDoS and Non standard protocols
		This confirms that the DDoS tool used was a variant of 'Stacheldraht DDOS' tool, and that the handler was communicating with the agent (honeypot).
		At trace number 86350, a DDoS attack was launched from the honeypot to 192.114.144.52, after a ICMP communication between 61.134.3.11 and the honeypot.
		At trace number 92149, a DDoS attack was launched from the honeypot to 205.177.13.231, after a ICMP communication between 61.134.3.11 and the honeypot.
	www.honeynet.org /scans/scan28/sol/5 (3818 words)

	Prolexic Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The 2005 attack vector has changed; attacks are now focusing less on Layer-3 TCP and have shifted to hone in on weaknesses in the DDoS mitigation devices that have been deployed to stop DDoS attacks.
		This Opte image is a map of the routes involved with DDoS attacks to the Prolexic IPN.
		The center of the graph is the target of the DDoS attack, the edges are the zombie/bot clients attacking the center.
	www.prolexic.com /zr (471 words)

	Devastating DDoS Attacks Loom - Technology News by TechWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The industry group, known as the RFC2267 DDoS Working Group, was formed in response to a number of high-profile companies whose networks were bombarded with extremely high volumes of traffic.
		They say there is still no bulletproof answer to halting the attacks, but the group of security experts and DDoS victims are working toward a solution.
		Early DDoS techniques were built on easy to use tools but more advanced methods use covert communication channels that are harder to track, said Allen Wilson, director of X-Force countermeasures at Internet Security Systems Inc., Atlanta.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB20000927S0003 (697 words)

	MIT Lincoln Laboratory - LL DDoS 1.0 Intrusion Detection Dataset
		An Mstream "server", the software that actually generates and sends the DDOS attack packets, is installed on each of the three victim hosts, while an Mstream "master", the software that provides a user-interface and controls the "servers" is installed on one of the victims.
		This is performed via a telnet login to the victim on which the master is running, and then, from the victim, a "telnet" to port 6723 of the localhost.
		The mstream DDOS consists of many, many connection requests to a variety of ports on the victim.
	www.ll.mit.edu /IST/ideval/data/2000/LLS_DDOS_1.0.html (1613 words)

	How to defend against DDoS attacks
		One of the most widely reported DDoS attacks was launched when The SCO Group Inc. battled an assault on its Web site from the Mydoom.B worm (see story).
		DDoS attacks take advantage of the openness of the Internet and its benefit of delivering packets of data from nearly any source to any destination.
		What makes DDoS attacks such a challenge is that illegitimate packets of data are virtually indistinguishable from legitimate ones.
	www.computerworld.com /securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,94014,00.html?f=x73 (1252 words)

	Why DoS and DDoS attacks are the plague of the Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		DoS and DDoS attacks are not a new threat—they've been terrorizing the Internet for years.
		There are already documented cases of extortion using the threat of DDoS attacks.
		DoS and DDoS attacks are not a new threat; they've been terrorizing the Internet for years.
	techrepublic.com.com /5100-1009_11-5933394.html?part=rss&tag=feed&subj=tr (1031 words)

	Netcraft: DDoS Attacks Hobble E-commerce, Security Sites
		Digital vandals using distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are proving effective in driving e-commerce and security sites offline, and even out of business.
		The recent attacks show the DDoS becoming a potent weapon against sites with limited resources to defend their sites or pay overusage fees from attack-related bandwidth consumption.
		In February, SpywareInfo and several other sites offering tools to detect and remove spyware were taken offline by DDoS attacks.
	news.netcraft.com /archives/2004/05/10/ddos_attacks_hobble_ecommerce_security_sites.html (306 words)

	DreamHost Blog » Massive DDOS Attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A DDoS attack is most often a “bandwidth consumption” attack where the combined Internet connection bandwidth of many machines is “focused”, or directed, upon one or a few machines.
		A DDoS attack is where a server is so flooded with meaningless traffic that it can’t do anything.
		I’ ran across an issue seems to be unanswered anywhere I’ve checked, so I decided to move on, but my host is having troubles with a Massive DDOS Attack along with a server crash or two.
	blog.dreamhost.com /2005/12/12/massive-ddos-attack (3403 words)

	O'Reilly Network -- Complaint Dropped Against DDoS Mafia
		Federal authorities in Los Angeles have dismissed a criminal complaint (PDF) filed last August against four men accused of performing distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks for hire.
		At an August 26, 2004 press conference, Attorney General John Ashcroft said the attacks cost the victims, who were competitors of Echouafni, over $2 million in lost revenue and mitigation efforts.
		Arif Alikhan, head of the Cyber and Intellectual Property Crimes Section for the Central District of California, said the government chose to dismiss the charges because it hadn't indicted the defendants by a required deadline.
	www.oreillynet.com /pub/a/network/2005/02/04/ddos.html (806 words)

	Cs3 Press Kit - What is DDoS and How It is Hurting the Internet, E-commerce and Business
		But importantly, the attack is more difficult to stop because the origin of the attack is very complex and hard to identify, especially as the data packets sent to the victim will often have "spoofed" (forged) source addresses.
		In January of this year, Microsoft's vast site was shut down for hours by a DDoS attack, causing the giant untold sums in lost revenue and tarnishing its reputation.
		The hacker planning a DDoS attack identifies and infiltrates numerous computers and networks with these vulnerabilities, planting and hiding DDoS attack tools in them - turning them into "zombies," as mentioned earlier, because they lie asleep until wakened - until it is time to trigger a coordinated flood attack, all of which is controlled remotely.
	www.cs3-inc.com /pk_whatisddos.html (1158 words)

	Network Computing \| Feature \| Security \| DDoS: Internet Weapons of Mass Destruction \| Page 2 \| January 8, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Because of the nature of DDoS, your Internet infrastructure must be properly configured, and procedures must be in place to monitor for and respond to DDoS attacks.
		Because DDoS tools change so quickly, however, the best methods are to update your IDS signatures regularly and to monitor and understand the normal traffic patterns coming into and going out of your networks, as well as patterns of activity on your network servers.
		As with virus-scanning software, this method will probably not detect new variations of DDoS attacks immediately; however, most IDS vendors update their signatures frequently and have signatures available to detect trinoo, TFN and Stacheldraht traffic.
	www.networkcomputing.com /1201/1201f1c2.html (1038 words)

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