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Topic: DNA damage

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DNA repair

Tumor supressor gene

P53 gene

Gene therapy

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Life extension

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Telomerase

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Senescence

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Cancer

Oncogene

Mutation

	DNA damage and repair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For damages that are not repaired by specialized systems, repair systems with a broad substrate specificity exist that cleave the damaged DNA strand on either side of the lesion and resynthesize the excised strand using the second strand as a template.
		In contrast, excision of damaged DNA in the prokaryote E.
		If replication-blocking DNA damages are not repaired (because the cell cannot repair a certain type of damage at all or did not repair it in time), the cell has two possible fates.
	brahms.bio.sunysb.edu /karsten/repair.html (634 words)

	Oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease -- COOKE et al. 17 (10): 1195 -- The FASEB Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		of this is the oxidation of dG to 8-OH-dG in DNA.
		DNA mutations to arise from oxidative damage, the nuclei of
		ROS and oxidative DNA damage are omnipresent in disease; for
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/10/1195 (8324 words)

	DNA damage limitation link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		If they detect damage to their DNA they pull over for repairs before going on to the next stage in their cycle.
		DNA repair is also a critical component of cells' efforts to avoid turning cancerous.
		How the cell detects DNA damage and communicates this to the molecules that do the repair work is elusive, says Steve Jackson, who studies DNA repair at the University of Cambridge in England.
	www.nature.com /nsu_new/010621/010621-10.html (475 words)

	DNA Damage and Repair and Chronic Disease
		After several weeks of exposure to smoke, the level of DNA adducts in the rats' hearts is twice as high as the level in their lungs, and several times higher than the levels in their windpipes, throats, livers or bladders.
		Animal studies have shown that the level of DNA adducts in the arteries of rats exposed to cigarette smoke is only slightly lower than the levels in their hearts and lungs.
		These DNA adducts, therefore, are assumed to contribute to the hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis that leads to coronary artery disease.
	www.infoaging.org /b-dna-8-r-chronic.html (662 words)

	Dojindo Molecular Technologies - Newsletter - Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and Human Diseases
		On the contrary, 8-oxoG, an abundant oxidative damage to dG, is readily bypassed by the DNA polymerase and is highly mutagenic.
		Due to the fact that many human diseases might be resulting from chronic oxidative stress and the magnitude of oxygen damage to DNA that is associated with oxidative stress, it this important to have a simple and accurate procedure for estimating the level of oxidative DNA damage in oxidative stressed cells.
		Therefore, treating damaged DNA with a specific repair enzyme will permit the determination of a class of base damages that is normally recognized by the repair enzyme.
	www.dojindo.com /newsletter/review_vol2.html (3806 words)

	Transcription and DNA Damage: A Link to a Kink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The precise cellular pathway that mediates the preferential clearance of DNA damage from active genetic loci has not yet been established, but it appears to be effected by a repertoire of proteins that are also involved in other DNA repair pathways and transcription as well as some factors that might be unique to it.
		Nucleotide excision repair is a repair pathway that removes a wide variety of DNA lesions from the genome; it appears to recognize distortions in the double helix and, therefore, possesses a broad specificity for the types of damage that are cleared by it (2,4,6).
		The nicked DNA that is generated is a substrate for exonucleases, and repair is completed by gap-filling by a DNA polymerase and ligation of the newly synthesized DNA to the contiguous DNA (2,7,8).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1997/Suppl-1/scicchitano-full.html (7445 words)

	Exposure to low-level magnetic fields causes DNA damage in rat brain cells, researchers find
		That indicates that the effects of exposure are cumulative, and duration can be as damaging as intensity, said Henry Lai, a UW research professor who conducted the study with fellow UW bioengineer Narendra Singh.
		DNA damage in and of itself isn't unusual — all cells experience some DNA damage through normal wear and tear and repair themselves.
		Problems can occur when that damage is significantly increased because that also increases the likelihood of a mistake being made in the repair process, resulting in a mutation that could lead to such diseases as cancer.
	www.washington.edu /newsroom/news/2004archive/02-04archive/k021804.html (794 words)

	USATODAY.com - Phone makers ask for more research into DNA damage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The four-year research project measured a significant increase in single and double-strand DNA breaks in human and animal cells after being exposed to electromagnetic fields that are typical for mobile phones.
		The damage could not always be repaired by the cell.
		DNA carries the genetic material of an organism and its different cells.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/wireless/phones/2004-12-23-wireless-damage_x.htm (589 words)

	DNA Repair
		DNA in the living cell is subject to many chemical alterations (a fact often forgotten in the excitement of being able to do DNA sequencing on dried and/or frozen specimens [Link]).
		on the DNA strand that is serving as the template for transcription.
		Agents that damage DNA are themselves carcinogenic, and chemotherapy poses a significant risk of creating a new cancer, often a leukemia.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/D/DNArepair.html (1889 words)

	Chromium (VI) induced oxidative damage to DNA: increase of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations (8-OHdG) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		DNA by Cr(VI) and Cr(V) was by Faux and colleagues.
		DNA lesions in vitro and in mammalian cell cultures.
		Analysis of a form of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine, as markers of cellular oxidative stress during carcinogenesis.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/60/8/590 (2687 words)

	BNL press release
		The team first irradiates the DNA (or cells in culture), then chops the DNA with the enzymes, and finally separates and counts the fragments on electrophoretic gels to measure the levels of clusters containing each kind of damage.
		The data they've collected so far, both from DNA in solution and from human cell cultures, indicate that radiation does induce clusters of damage such as oxidized DNA bases and so-called abasic sites, where the base is simply knocked off the DNA sugar backbone.
		The team is currently irradiating cells, measuring various kinds of clustered damage, and assessing how rapidly the cells remove and repair the different forms of damage.
	www.bnl.gov /bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2000/bnlpr071100.html (671 words)

	Quiz Question 5 - Radiation Damage in DNA
		The two strands of the DNA molecule are the sides of the ladder.
		Significant damage to a DNA molecule occurs when SSBs in opposite strands occur sufficiently near to each other.
		Radiation creates SSBs completely at random in DNA molecules, not depending on type of nucleotides in the vicinity (A, T, G, or C), not depending on the presence of SSBs nearby, and independent of strand and position within strand.
	www.sci.csuhayward.edu /statistics/Resources/Quiz/dnaan.htm (1848 words)

	Recombinational Repair of DNA Damage in Escherichia coli and Bacteriophage lambda -- Kuzminov 63 (4): 751 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		of nucleotides in the chromosomal DNA (278, 710) or as interruptions
		DNA damage can be classified as affecting either one or both strands in a particular sequence.
		Black lines indicate a damaged duplex; white lines indicate an intact duplex; the open rectangle with rounded corners indicates a RecA filament; the irregularity in one of the fl DNA strands indicates a noncoding lesion.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/63/4/751 (10637 words)

	Mitochondrial Dysfunction Due to Oxidative Mitochondrial DNA Damage Is Reduced through Cooperative Actions of Diverse ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		and induced DNA damage (3, 7, 36, 38, 43), and mutations in
		A role for recombination junctions in the segregation of mitochondrial DNA in yeast.
		Enediyne-mediated DNA damage in nuclei is modulated at the level of the nucleosome.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/22/12/4086 (5523 words)

	USATODAY.com - DNA damage could be a start to aging, study suggests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		DNA damage could be a start to aging, study suggests
		Mitochondria contain a strands of their own DNA that are separate from the cell nucleus where the body's genes reside.
		In an accompanying commentary in Nature, George Martin and Lawrence Loeb of the University of Washington said the results are also consistent with the theory that so-called "free radicals" play a role in aging.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2004-05-26-dna-damage_x.htm (599 words)

	Scientists discover protein identifies damage to DNA
		The protein, which is called ATR and already was known, senses damage to DNA so that the body’s natural repair system can kick into action, the researchers found.
		Ultraviolet radiation, pollution and chemotherapy cause mistakes in DNA that must be repaired before the cell divides and propagates the mutations as cancer or other problems, Sancar said.
		The downstream effects of the ATR alarm protein were already known, but it was unclear if ATR sensed damaged DNA directly or if it was just part of the cascade, activated by another sensing protein upstream from it, he said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-05/uonc-sdp051302.php (489 words)

	Donghui Li (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The study is aimed at exploring whether the excess burden of DNA damage is related to carcinogen exposure and genetic susceptibility to such exposure.
		In this study, information on exposure and other risk factors is collected by a questionnaire, DNA damages from environmental carcinogen exposure and oxidative stress are measured in breast tissues and lymphocytes, and genetic susceptibility to carcinogen exposure is determined by genotyping and phenotying assays.
		We are currently investigating the roles of alkylating DNA damage and it's repair in pancreatic cancer since this type of genetic damage is most likely to be responsible for the high frequency of K-ras mutation detected in this cancer.
	sciencepark.mdanderson.org /documents/DLi/li.html (586 words)

	Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is inversely related to maximum life span in the heart and brain of mammals -- ...
		Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is inversely related to maximum life span in the heart and brain of mammals
		DNA damage is considered of paramount importance in aging.
		Latorre, A., Moya, A., Ayala, A. (1986) Evolution of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila suboscura.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/2/312 (4416 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - 'Blessed tree' extracts linked to DNA damage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		But extracts from the Indian neem tree have now been shown to damage the DNA of sperm when fed to mice.
		The researchers who made the discovery think that neem could be a "long-term genetic hazard", and have called for further investigation to ensure that eating neem products does not produce genetic abnormalities in adults or their children.
		Likewise, they found steadily rising rates of damage to sperm, with 5 per cent of sperm damaged at the lowest dose, rising to 8 per cent at the highest.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3946 (573 words)

	DNA damage caused by a myriad of environmental factors such as chemicals and UV or ionizing radiation is constantly ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		DNA damage caused by a myriad of environmental factors such as chemicals and UV or ionizing radiation is constantly being repaired by
		DNA damage caused by a myriad of environmental factors such as chemicals and UV or ionizing radiation is constantly being repaired by sophisticated DNA repair systems in almost all living organisms.
		On the other hand, in binding to its natural substrate, which is a pre-incised AP site, the HhH motif of the 8-kDa domain may locate the 5' deoxyribose phosphate group at the opening of the catalytic groove by electrostatic interactions.
	astro.temple.edu /~feng/current_project/dna_repair_table.htm (432 words)

	Environmental Damage to DNA
		Ionizing radiation (such as gamma and X rays) damages DNA.
		About 35% of the damage is by direct ionization of components of the DNA.
		Human exposure to DNA damaging chemicals increased in the 20th century due to warfare and chemotherapy.
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/MG/MGW3/MG3122.html (275 words)

	Traffic fumes damage DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To gauge the levels of exposure to traffic fumes, the research team assessed the amount of a chemical called 1-OHPG in the urine of 47 female motorway toll-booth operators and 27 female office workers.
		This is an indicator of DNA damage caused by oxygen free radical activity in the body.
		The authors conclude that traffic fumes boost oxygen free radical activity and therefore DNA damage, and that environmental levels should be curbed to protect people's health.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-03/bsj-tfd032105.php (292 words)

	How does aging affect cells' ability to repair their DNA?
		Some scientists believe that the accumulation of uncorrected DNA damage over years is a major cause of aging.
		Understanding the role that DNA damage and its repair, or lack of repair, play in aging and age-related disease is a first step.
		On the role of "junk" DNA in DNA damage and repair
	www.infoaging.org /b-dna-home.html (238 words)

	Why and how should we measure oxidative DNA damage in nutritional studies? How far have we come? -- Halliwell 72 (5): ...
		DNA damage is a "biomarker" for identifying persons at risk
		DNA damage in blood cells mirrors such damage in tissues at
		DNA damage, whereas ascorbate, vitamin E, and ß-carotene
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/abstract/72/5/1082 (620 words)

	More DNA Damage to Older Men's Sperm - Mens Health: health and medical information about Mens Health Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The study of over 2,100 men found that injury to sperm DNA was significantly higher in men over 45 years old than in all younger age groups.
		Men over 45 years had double the sperm DNA damage compared with men younger than 30 years old.
		"Older men tend to reproduce with older women and the combination of increased female factor infertility, increased sperm DNA damage, low levels of DNA repair, and increased abnormalities in conventional semen parameters present in this [older male] population will have a pronounced impact on their reproductive potential," Moskovtsev said in a prepared statement.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=47704 (361 words)

	[No title]
		Over 1.5 billion people around the world use a cellular phone; however, chances are most of these users are unaware of the damage they may be doing to their bodies.
		According to a four-year research project focused on studying the effect of radiation on human and animal cells, researchers found that the radio waves emitted from a cellular phone may harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions.
		This damage could be permanent, not to mention that remaining damage could set the stage for future degeneration of cells.
	www.mercola.com /2005/jan/8/cellular_phones.htm (677 words)

	[No title]
		Previous research has shown vitamin C can promote DNA damage, but this new research demonstrates a different avenue the vitamin can take in doing harm.
		Because of this activity, some scientists have suggested that high doses of vitamin C might help battle cancer by both protecting healthy cells from the assaults of cancer treatment and by fighting tumor cells.
		According to the researchers, these findings suggest it will be particularly important to be on guard for cell damage among participants in trials using vitamin C as a cancer combatant.
	www.mercola.com /2001/jun/23/vitamin_c.htm (1327 words)

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