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Topic: DNA polymerase III

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	DNA Replication
		DNA polymerase I is the main polymerase involved in DNA repair, and plays a specialized role in DNA replication, using its 5' to 3' exonuclease activity.
		The strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously is called the leading strand, and the strand that is synthesized discontinuously is called the lagging strand.
		DNA polymerase I uses its 5' to 3' exonuclease activity to digest away the primer RNA, and replaces the primer with DNA by extending the strand from the adjacent Okazaki fragment.
	www.emunix.emich.edu /~rwinning/genetics/replic3.htm (724 words)

	DNA polymerase III holoenzyme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.
		DNA Pol III is a component of the replisome, which is located at the replication fork.
		These are replaced with the respective deoxyribose and thymine by DNA polymerase I (not shown).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DNA_polymerase_III (675 words)

	DNA Replication II
		DNA polymerases can only add deoxynucleotides to 3' ends (i.e., strands are synthesized only in a 5' to 3' direction), but both strands at replication forks are synthesized at the same time.
		DNA Pol III holoenzyme is an asymmetric dimer; i.
		DNA Polymerase III (pol III) from E. coli is a single protein of molecular weight 130 kDa (130,000 grams per mole).
	oregonstate.edu /instruction/bb492/lectures/DNAII.html (1924 words)

	DNA Replication
		The DNA polymerase always reads along the parental strand in a 3' to 5' direction, therefore the new or "nascent" DNA strand grows in a 5' to 3' direction.
		The DNA polymerase directs this directional growth by forming hydrogen bonds between the newly added bases and the exdisting bases on the parental strand as well as by catalysing the addition of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate group of a new nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl that is free on the nascent strand.
		So the DNA Okazaki fragments still grow in a 5' to 3' directuion, but overall the strand grows in a 3' to 5' direction as each fragment is ligated to the next one.
	www.uq.edu.au /vdu/DNAReplication.htm (636 words)

	DNA synthesis
		The result of DNA synthesis is the manufacture of two daughter DNA double helices from one parent double helix, with each daughter double helix consisting of one strand from the parent double helix (the template) and one newly synthesized strand.
		DNA polymerase cannot seal a nick as the nucleotide at the 5' end must have a triphosphate, but at a nick the 5' nucleotide has only a monophosphate.
		Topoisomerase catalyze the breakage and rejoining of DNA strand.
	www.pageout.net /user/www/r/h/rhamilto/DNA_synthesis.html (2805 words)

	DNA Replication
		DNA is unique among all known molecules because it is the only one that is capable of duplicating itself.
		DNA polyermerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for replication.
		A limitation of DNA polymerase III is that it can't begin a new daughter strand by itself - it requires that there already be a 3'-OH end to add the next nucleotide to.
	library.thinkquest.org /18617/data/replication/replication.html (895 words)

	DNA Structure, Replication and Eukaryotic Chromatin Structure> (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		DNA replication is semi-conservative, one strand serves as the template for the second strand.
		DNA single-stranded binding proteins - These proteins bind to the DNA as a tetramer and stabilize the single-stranded structure that is generated by the action of the helicases.
		DNA Ligase - Nicks occur in the developing molecule because the RNA primer is removed and synthesis proceeds in a discontinuous manner on the lagging strand.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /instruct/mcclean/plsc431/eukarychrom/eukaryo2.htm (737 words)

	DNA Replication
		Three-Dimensional Structure of the Beta Subunit of E. coli DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme: A Sliding DNA Clamp.
		At a specific point, the double helix of DNA is caused to unwind possibly in response to an initial synthesis of a short RNA strand using the enzyme helicase.
		DNA polymerase III is used to join the appropriate nucleotide units together.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/582dnarep.html (851 words)

	DNA Replication
		DNA polymerase III then travels across the strand, from the five carbon (5', or the fifth carbon on the phosphate group) to the third carbon (3', or the third carbon on the phosphate group).
		DNA polymerase also needs a primer to begin attaching the nucleotides on the strand.
		So while DNA polymerase can work continuously in the 5' to 3' direction it has to work in spurts on the 3' to 5' direction, which are called Okazaki fragments.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004535/dna_replication.html (428 words)

	DNA Polymerases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		DNA polymerase I (Pol I) was the first enzyme discovered to help synthesize DNA.
		DNA polymerase III (Pol III) was discovered after Pol I. It also aids in DNA replication.
		The DNA is in green, and the protein surrounds it.
	www.cra.org /Activities/craw/dmp/awards/miller/dna_polymerase.html (366 words)

	DNA REPLICATION, pp
		DNA polymerases were initially discovered and characterized in the lab of Arthur Kornberg.
		Later, other scientists, by studying the DNA replication of viruses in which one could separate the two DNA strands in intact form (due to their different base composition), were able to confirm that, as expected, the Okazaki fragments arose predominantly from only one of the two strands at the replication fork.
		By hybridizing one strand of the mutant DNA to the complementary strand of the wild type, and looking at the duplex by electron microscopy, they could see that the mutant gene had acquired a whole new segment of DNA within it and that this segment was gone in the revertant gene.
	www.msu.edu /course/lbs/149h/DNArep.html (1961 words)

	January 13: Genome Structure and DNA replication
		DNA polymerases are unable to start replication from "scratch" - they require a pre-existing hydroxyl group upon which they can add further DNA.
		DNA polymerase III - this is the polymerase that does the bulk of the DNA replication using its 5'(3' polymerase activity.
		DNA polymerase I - the function of this polymerase during replication is to remove the RNA primers (after they have done their job of initiating DNA replication) using a 5'--->3' exonuclease activity.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~mgonzalez/Micro521/04.html (1217 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Crystal structure of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp from a Gram-positive bacterium
		DNA polymerases maintain proximity to nucleic acid templates by interacting with sliding clamps that encircle DNA and thereby link the polymerase enzyme to the DNA substrate.
		We have determined the crystal structure of the dimeric β subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes.
		This protein factor wraps around double-stranded DNA at primer-template junctions, where it serves as a sliding clamp to tether the polymerase enzyme to its DNA substrate (reviewed in [4-6]).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6807/6/2 (2979 words)

	Pfam 21.0 : DNA_pol3_theta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		DNA polymerase III (EC 2.7.7.7) is comprised of three tightly associated subunits, alpha, epsilon and theta.
		DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme responsible for replication of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA.
		The alpha subunit is responsible for the DNA polymerase activity, while the epsilon subunit is the 3'Ã 5' proofreading exonuclease.
	pfam.janelia.org /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=DNA_pol3_theta (238 words)

	DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme from Thermus thermophilus Identification, Expression, Purification of Components, and Use ...
		DNA replication in all biological systems is performed by specialized multiprotein replicases (1, 2).
		DNA polymerase I-like polymerases have been well characterized from thermophilic eubacteria (37, 38).
		DNA synthesis in the absence of the varied subunit (reported in Table I) was subtracted from all plotted values.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/16/13401 (5200 words)

	Inhibitors of DNA Polymerase III as Novel Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Positive Eubacteria -- Tarantino et al. 43 ...
		DNA polymerases were assayed by using activated calf thymus DNA and the basic method described in reference 1.
		the mammalian pol alpha and the pol IIIs of gram-negative and
		DNA polymerase III of gram-positive eubacteria is a zinc metalloprotein conserving an essential finger-like domain.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/1982 (3585 words)

	DNA Replication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		DNA polymerase proceeds along a single-stranded molecule of DNA, recruiting free dNTP's (deoxy-nucleotide-triphosphates) to hydrogen bond with their appropriate complementary dNTP on the single strand (A with T and G with C), and to form a covalent phosphodiester bond with the previous nucleotide of the same strand.
		There are different forms of DNA polymerase, but it is DNA polymerase III that is responsible for the processive synthesis of new DNA strands.
		The DNA polymerase can organize the bond on the 5' end of the primer, but ligase is needed to make the bond on the 3' end.
	web.mit.edu /esgbio/www/dogma/repl.html (924 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P28905 [HOLC_ECOLI] DNA polymerase III subunit chi
		Carter J.R. Franden M.A. Lippincott J. McHenry C.S. "Identification, molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the chi subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli.";
		This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity.
		The pol III core (subunits alpha,epsilon and theta) contains the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities.
	au.expasy.org /uniprot/P28905 (602 words)

	[No title]
		Second Function of E.coli polymerase is 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity exonuclease- nuclease that cleaves nucleotides at the ends of DNA chains, 3’ to 5’ exonuclease is an editing function.
		DNA polymerase III stays bound to both strands of the template throughout whole replication process, so it is highly processive (unlike DNA polymerase I which attaches and dissociates frequently).
		Eukaryotic polymerases are labeled with Greek letters instead of Roman Numerals (alpha, Beta, gamma, etc beyond the scope of the course) Origin of Replication in E-Coli is called the ORI C locus -It consists of a DNA sequence 245 nucleotides long and this sequence is known as the replicator.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/cell39.doc (2504 words)

	Bacillus subtilis{tau} subunit of DNA polymerase III interacts with bacteriophage SPP1 replicative DNA helicase G40P -- ...
		of the presence of ATP or DNA in the reaction mixture.
		the absence of a nucleotide cofactor and DNA (Fig.
		Kim,D.R. and McHenry,C.S. In vivo assembly of overproduced DNA polymerase III.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/23/5056 (4734 words)

	The {theta} Subunit of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III: a Role in Stabilizing the {varepsilon} Proofreading Subunit ...
		The {theta} Subunit of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III: a Role in Stabilizing the {varepsilon} Proofreading Subunit -- Taft-Benz and Schaaper 186 (9): 2774 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		subunit of DNA Pol III in stabilizing the
		The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme: an asymmetric dimeric replicative complex with leading and lagging strand polymerases.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/9/2774 (3399 words)

	InterPro: IPR001001 DNA polymerase III, beta chain
		Kong X.P. Onrust R. Donnell M. Kuriyan J. Three-dimensional structure of the beta subunit of E. coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme: a sliding DNA clamp.
		Oakley A.J. Prosselkov P. Wijffels G. Beck J.L. Wilce M.C. Dixon N.E. Flexibility revealed by the 1.85 A crystal structure of the beta sliding-clamp subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III.
		Bunting K.A. Roe S.M. Pearl L.H. Structural basis for recruitment of translesion DNA polymerase Pol IV/DinB to the beta-clamp.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001001 (3010 words)

	In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Anilinouracils Which Selectively Inhibit DNA Polymerase III of Gram-Positive ...
		The results of this study confirm the general hypothesis (14) that bacterial DNA pol III is a valid target for antimicrobial
		DNA polymerase III of Mycoplasma pulmonis: isolation and characterization of the enzyme and its structural gene, polC.
		Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III by phenylhydrazinopyrimidines: demonstration of a drug-induced DNA:enzyme complex.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/8/2217 (1766 words)

	Genetics BIOL 2120 - lecture notes - DNA Replication
		New strand synthesized 5' to 3' by ALL polymerases
		DNA polymerase can't initiate strand synthesis at end
		DNA polymerase III uses RNA primer, extends chain
	www.pstcc.edu /mfhicks/biol2120/dnareplication.html (266 words)

	InterPro: IPR004805 DNA polymerase III, alpha subunit
		All proteins in this family for which functions are known are DNA polymerases.
		The group defines the alpha subunit of DNA polymerase III (EC:2.7.7.7).
		DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR004805 (2837 words)

	In Vivo Protein Interactions within the Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III Core -- Jonczyk et al. 180 (6): 1563 -- The ...
		DNA replication (H. Maki and A. Kornberg, Proc.
		Taft-Benz, S. A., Schaaper, R. The {theta} Subunit of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III: a Role in Stabilizing the {varepsilon} Proofreading Subunit.
		Bullard, J. M., Williams, J. C., Acker, W. K., Jacobi, C., Janjic, N., McHenry, C. DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme from Thermus thermophilus Identification, Expression, Purification of Components, and Use to Reconstitute a Processive Replicase.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/180/6/1563 (455 words)

	DNA Replication
		This flash animation at "DNA from the Beginning" describes this experiment and some of Lederbergs experiments with DNA polymerase: A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.
		Kornberg isolated a DNA polymerase and it only worked in the 5' to 3' direction
		Here is an interactive tutorial on the structure of the beta subunit of DNA polymerase III, you'll need the chime plugin to see this.
	www.csuchico.edu /~jbell/Biol207/replication.html (335 words)

	DNA Enzyme Types
		--------------------------------------- You are probably referring to DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III.
		DNA polymerase III is the real DNA polymerase responsible for replicatiion (synthesis) of the E.coli "chromosome".
		DNA poylmerases I and II are responsible for repairing gaps in strands of DNA.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/mole00/mole00711.htm (113 words)

	DNA Replication Review Questions
		During DNA synthesis nucleotides are linked together by a by a ________________________ bond.
		Compare the characteristics of DNA polymerase I, polymerase II, and polymerase III.
		Compare the rate of synthesis of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA polymerases.
	course1.winona.edu /dessar/BIO430/ReviewQuestions/chapter21.htm (732 words)

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