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Topic: DNA sequencer

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	DNA analysis
		First, the basis for virtually all DNA sequencing was the dideoxy-chain terminating reaction, developed by Sanger and for which he received his second Nobel prize.
		DNA polymerase and deoxynucleotides are added to the mixture, and the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of the complementary DNA strand, starting at the primer and extending in the 3' direction.
		When the sequencing reaction proceeds in the presence of a small amount of the dideoxynucleotide, the resulting chain-extension reaction products will consist of a set of molecules, all starting at the primer, all extending in the 3' direction, but terminating wherever the dideoxynucleotide happened to be incorporated, opposite its complementary nucleotide in the template.
	faculty.washington.edu /dovichi/UBUBTpage/research/Methods/DNA_analysis.html (641 words)

	Sequencer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sequencers started off in 1992 with a debut Album "Sahara" that was a major hit.
		Sequencers got low profile from year 1996 due to the slump of music industry in Pakistan.
		Now since couple of years media promotion has been shot out with launch of many private and international satellite channels that after eight years SEQUENCERS are planning for a comeback.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sequencer (283 words)

	UWBC DNA Sequencing Facility
		State of the art, capillary based, automated DNA sequencer platforms are utilized to analyze sequence derived from various sequencing protocols and template types.
		We can provide the sequencing reagent at a very low rate thanks to a favorable University quote, and go over the protocols with you necessary to carry out the reactions in your laboratory (a PCR machine is the only required equipment).
		Various sequencing protocols that have worked for different groups can be found in the document "Cycle Sequencing Protocols" at the DNA files page.
	www.biotech.wisc.edu /ServicesResearch/DNA/DNASeq (895 words)

	PSU grant buys vital DNA sequencer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		"DNA bar-coding is the latest and hottest area in genetic research," associate professor of biological sciences Dr. Nancy Elwess said of the grant that enabled Plattsburgh State to purchase a DNA sequencing system and software.
		Elwess and other researchers are using the new DNA system and software to study tissue samples from North Country coyotes to determine whether the animals have been breeding with wolves, a much larger species.
		The sequencing system and software is used in studies worldwide of population genetics, genotyping, gene mapping, linkage analysis and phylogenetic relationships.
	www.pressrepublican.com /Archive/2005/09_2005/090320057.htm (508 words)

	Birmingham-Southern College receives grant to purchase DNA sequencer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to Dr. Pamela Hanson, BSC assistant professor of biology and coordinator of the grant, the DNA sequencer is a sophisticated piece of equipment that allows scientists to determine the specific sequence of a particular stretch of DNA.
		The DNA sequencer we will purchase will be used when students are cloning genes and studying mutations that change the function of a gene.
		For example, DNA sequencing can be used to identify bacteria, to characterize newly discovered species of plants, and to analyze DNA found at a crime scene,” she said.
	www.bsc.edu /communications/news/archives/dna_082604.htm (291 words)

	Sequencer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Polyacrylamide gels are used to analyse DNA fragments by separating such fragments according to their length.
		The DNA fragments are prepared to terminate at one of four base types (A, G, C, T) A-type fragments of varying length are loaded in the "A" loading well at the top of the gel, and so forth for the G-, C-, and T- type fragments.
		The DNA sequence is determined by noting the particular lane in which each succeeding band is spatially located in the vertical dimension.
	www.virology.ed.ac.uk /Facilities/DNA-sequencer.htm (343 words)

	How the DNA sequencer works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The DNA sequencer at New Mexico Tech is funded by the National Science Foundation
		In the past, DNA sequencing was done through a tedious method called polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
		The first step in PCR is to “unzip” the double-stranded DNA, allowing the DNA polymerase to use the separate strands as a template. In order for the DNA polymerase to copy DNA, two components are required: a supply of the four nucleotides (A, G, C and T) and a primer.
	infohost.nmt.edu /~biology/sequencer.htm (1089 words)

	DNA Sequencing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		DNA sequencing is performed on the Applied Biosystems Model 3100 Genetic Analyzer and is offered on a fee-for-service basis.
		Cycle sequencing is very sensitive to impurities in the template preparation as well as to the concentration of template in the reaction mixture.
		After restriction enzyme digestion and electrophoresis of an aliquot of the DNA sample, one compares the intensity of the sample band to a band with a known amount of DNA.
	csb.wfu.edu /brf/sequencing.html (923 words)

	CounterTrace DNA Sequencing System
		DNA sequencing software and reagent for improving the quality and read length of traces analyzed using the phred base caller
		The CounterTrace DNA sequencing software uses the location of the standard peaks to enable accurate processing of the trace data.
		CounterTrace is compatible with all common sequencing reagents and has been adopted for the common DNA sequencer models ABI 3700 and ABI 3730 for both the 36 and 50 cm capillary array lengths.
	www.nucleics.com /DNA_sequencing_tools/DNA-sequencing-programs-countertrace.html (837 words)

	The Impact of Emerging Technologies: Under Biology's Hood - Technology Review
		Leading the team that developed the sequencer shortly before the genome project was initiated in the mid-1980s is just one of the achievements that has helped turn Montana native Leroy Hood into a biotech superstar.
		A great example is the protein sequencer [a device that determines the identity and order of the amino-acid building blocks that make up a particular protein].
		For example, we sequenced a hormone called erythropoietin with Amgen, and that sequence was key to their cloning the gene which led directly to the development of the first billion-dollar drug of the biotech industry.
	www.techreview.com /articles/01/09/qa0901.asp (887 words)

	DNA Facilities - Department of Biology at Georgia State University
		The DNA sequencer is an ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.
		This new sequencer uses capillary technology instead of the slide gel in the ABI 377 sequencer.
		DNA samples should be 100ng/µl concentration and at least 10µl/direction.
	biology.gsu.edu /research/facilities/synthesis/dna.html (480 words)

	Application of Fluorescent GenePrint(tm) Multiplex STR Systems and 373 DNA Sequencer Analysis in Forensic Casework
		DNA typing by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is a sensitive method of identification that can be used even when the DNA is degraded.
		The precision of STR fragment length determination on the 373 DNA Sequencer was evaluated by replicate analysis of allelic ladders consisting of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments representing most of the known alleles for each STR locus.
		DNA was amplified, in separate reactions, with both the HEX-labeled CTTV multiplex and the fluorescein-labeled FFFL multiplex.
	www.promega.com /geneticidproc/ussymp6proc/ricc.htm (2645 words)

	Paternity - Dna Sequence Listings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		DNA sequence part of a DNA sequence A DNA sequence (sometimes genetic sequence) is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, The...
		DNA Sequencing is at the center of the Human Genome Project, which promises to revolutionize the Biomedical Sciences and the treatment of human diseases.
		DNA Sequence Analysis Dave Thornleyhas proposed a new way of modelling the Sanger sequencing reaction which takes into account the heights of the trace peaks as well as their position.
	www.paternitysearch.com /dnasequence (1565 words)

	DNA SEQUENCING [RU 9549] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection
		DNA is composed of the four individual nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
		Jeannine Gocayne received a M.A. in molecular biology from the State University of New York-Buffalo in 1985 and was appointed a biologist and sequencing supervisor with the Receptor Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH in 1986.
		Hood, Kaiser, and Sanders discussed the history and development of the prototype DNA sequencer and ABI 370A, and activities in the lab, c.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/videocatalog/9549.htm (920 words)

	USATODAY.com - Was government cheated on DNA decoder? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is the machine that enabled scientists last year to chart the DNA codes making up the human genome, which steers all physical development, be it eye and hair color or predisposition to disease or disability.
		The suit alleges that patents on the sequencer are invalid because they fail to credit fundamental aspects of its invention to Huang, who has no ties to MJ Research.
		In the scramble to capitalize on the deciphering of the human genome, the sequencer is the common denominator.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/biology/2002-04-18-cover-genome.htm (3253 words)

	How do we Sequence DNA?
		DNA Sequencing is at the center of the Human Genome Project, which promises to revolutionize
		Shotgun sequencing is a method for determining the sequence fo a very large piece of DNA.
		DNA sequencing reactions are just like the PCR reactions for replicating DNA (refer to the previous page DNA Denaturation, Annealing and Replication).
	seqcore.brcf.med.umich.edu /doc/educ/dnapr/sequencing.html (1776 words)

	Primm Labs Inc. Services
		Four different sequencing services are available to meet every need in research or analytical laboratories: Full sequencing projects, single run sequencing, sequencing of PCR products and "reactions loading" service.
		Full DNA Sequencing Projects are performed according to individual needs and allow the scientific staff in each laboratory more time to focus on the main project of the laboratory.
		DNA samples must be quantified by UV spectrometer, have a 260/280 OD ratio of 1.8 or greater and be RNA free.
	www.primmlabs.com /dnaseq.html (798 words)

	DNA Sequencer
		DNA is sequenced by breaking it up into manageable fragments of typically no more than 100,000 bases in length, and sequencing each fragment by means of gel electrophoresis.
		One of the best known sequencing techniques, dubbed the Sanger method after its developer, is based on amplifying the target DNA fragment in four different PCR reactions.
		At the peak of its sequencing efforts, Celera was using close to 400 of these machines in parallel.
	trueforce.com /Lab_Automation/DNA_Sequencer.htm (414 words)

	News: Press Releases
		The DNA sequencer was central to the emergence of the Human Genome Project, a ground-breaking effort launched in 1990 to map and sequence the three billion letters that compose the human genome.
		Their initial focus was to develop powerful technology that enabled the “reading” or sequencing of proteins that were previously invisible to biologists, due to their small quantities.
		This machine—after 15 years of incremental improvements—made DNA sequencing 3,000 times faster, facilitating the Human Genome Project, for which Hood was an early advocate and key player.
	web.mit.edu /invent/n-pressreleases/n-press-03LMP.html (1345 words)

	WCU NEWS - WCU ADDS AUTOMATED DNA SEQUENCER TO ARSENAL OF SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The new instrument supplements a historic piece of DNA sequencing equipment that was used to map and sequence the human genome.
		The model 377 DNA sequencer currently in use at Western was donated to the university in 2002 by Tony White, a Western alumnus and former Asheville resident who is chief executive of Applera Corp., the company formerly known as The Perkins-Elmer Corp. that accelerated the race to map the human genome.
		The new sequencer, valued at approximately $170,000, was purchased through a combination of university resources and from a grant for biotechnology research from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service division, with funding obtained through the support of U.S. Rep. Charles Taylor.
	www.wcu.edu /pubinfo/news/DNAsequencer05.htm (496 words)

	More Information Comes to Light in Dispute over DNA Sequencer
		The invention of the automatic DNA sequencer is largely what enabled the human genome project to be what it is today—a multi-million dollar effort, engaging thousands of researchers worldwide, and leading arguably to the most massive collection of information the world of science has ever seen.
		Now 20 years and some billions of DNA sequences later, the federal government is trying to take credit for supporting the invention and thereby recoup millions of dollars of federal money spent to purchase instruments for the Human Genome Project and other federally funded sequencing projects.
		At issue is the $300,000 price tag on the DNA sequencers that came into being as a direct result of the pioneering work at Caltech (for background, see related article).
	www.bioresearchonline.com /content/news/article.asp?DocID={C08E0D8C-2B3F-11D4-8C3C-009027DE0829}&Bucket=HomeLatestHeadlines (699 words)

	The Genome Sequencer 20™ DNA Sequencing System and Reagents - 454 Life Sciences™
		The Genome Sequencer 20™ System, developed by 454 Life Sciences, is an ultra-high-throughput automated DNA sequencing system capable of resolving hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences in one run.
		The basic chemistry utilizes the release of pyrophosphate (PPi) that occurs with each nucleotide addition during DNA-directed DNA synthesis to generate an amount of light commensurate with the amount of PPi released; this light is captured by a CCD camera and converted into a digital signal.
		The system includes the Genome Sequencer 20 Instrument and accessories; software to generate basecalls and Phred-base quality scores for raw reads ; software to assemble the overlapping reads de novo into a consensus genome; software to map the reads to a known genome, and consumable kits required for library construction, clonal amplification, and sequencing.
	www.454.com /products-and-reagents/genome-sequencer.asp (369 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Title : Fluorescent DNA Sequencer with Robotic Molecular Biology Workstation Abstract : Funds are requested to purchase an ABI PRISMTM 377 DNA sequencer to upgrade the DNA sequencing shared resource facility in the Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope Medical Center.
		The DNA sequencing facility currently supports 30 44 investigators with a variety of basic interests and novel techniques in the field of molecular biology.
		Their role in binding to DNA domains will require the use of DNA sequencing.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DBI.BIO.a9602945.txt (554 words)

	Millipore - Technical Library - Integrating Sequencing Reaction Purification; GSAC, 2001
		Details of the new sample preparation process, and an analysis of the quality of the DNA sequencing results will be shown.
		High quality sequencing reactions are prepared for the ABI 3700 and the MegaBACE 1000 as measured by PHRED analysis.
		Neither PCR purification, nor sequencing reaction cleanup requires centrifugation.These rapid, vacuum-based filtration protocols are compatible with the Cyberlab C250, the Beckman MultiMek 96 channel pipettor, and with other comparable liquid handlers.
	www.millipore.com /publications.nsf/docs/abiprism (568 words)

	Reveo and the University of Washington to Develop Rapid DNA Sequencer Based on Novel Nano-Scale Phenomena
		Sequencing the entire genome of an individual (measuring approximately three billion base pairs) using the state-of-the-art tools predominantly based on the Sanger method requires months and costs tens of millions of dollars.
		Realizing the enormous significance and the potential for benefiting humanity by lowering the cost from millions of dollars to a few dollars and reducing the sequencing time from months to hours, substantial world-wide efforts are underway to find alternative sequencing tools.
		The analogy between the oscilloscope and the new DNA sequencing tool can simply be understood by replacing the ultra high resolution in time with one in space.” Armed with this analogy, the inventor differentiates his new tool from all other sequencing tools, which are based on cumbersome multiple biochemical steps.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/5/prweb382234.htm (844 words)

	Engineered Protein DNA Sequencer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The basic idea is that a myosin 'engine' pulls a strand of DNA along a actin-lined channel and sensors in that channel would read each nucleotide as it passes by.
		The DNA is single stranded and has been cut with a particular restriction enzyme and a matching piece of DNA is bonded to the actin engine.
		And each strand of DNA could be read multiple times, until a desired degree of accuracy is reached.
	members.cox.net /salamon/Tech/dna.html (359 words)

	LI-COR - DNA Sequencer
		A DNA sequencing machine will greatly enhance the Biotechnology program curriculum at Cabrini College by incorporating DNA sequencing in the Cell and Molecular Biology course.
		Cabrini College is also putting an emphasis on science education and a DNA sequencing machine will be great to show and demonstrate as part of the forensic science workshop that will be hosted by Cabrini College during the summer of 2006.
		Cabrini College is also planning on introducing the LI-COR DNA sequencing machine to high school biology students invited to Cabrini College to showcase some of the instrumentation used in the Cabrini College Science department.
	www.cabrini.edu /science/Grants/lycor_-_dna_sequencer.htm (178 words)

	Total Victory in Patent Trial over Caltech's DNA Sequencer
		The case centered on an inventorship dispute for the automated DNA sequencer, arguably one of the most important advances in biology in the 20th century.
		The automated DNA sequencer was the scientific breakthrough that enabled mapping of the human genome.
		The plaintiff in the case was a former Caltech employee from the early 1980s who filed suit in 2003, claiming that he should be substituted as the inventor on four patents covering the technology of the automated DNA sequencer.
	www.omm.com /communication/2004/03-15/caltech_latest.html (337 words)

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