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Topic: DRD4

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	Behavioral and Brain Functions \| Full text \| Effects of craving and DRD4 VNTR genotype on the relative value of ...
		Although the existing literature on DRD4 VNTR effects is relatively small, DRD4-L status was predicted to both positively moderate the effects of the craving induction, replicating two previous studies [37,40], and the continuous relationship between craving and the relative value of alcohol.
		Principal analyses used hierarchical multiple regression to examine the influence of covariates, induction type, genotype, and induction-by-genotype interaction; the latter term was examined for evidence of a moderating genetic influence [68].
		DRD4 VNTR was the single target of the current study based on the existing literature [37,38,40] and the small sample size, however, other recent studies have suggested provocative interactions with other alleles.
	www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com /content/3/1/11 (7797 words)

	DRD4 - dopamine receptor D4
		DRD4 polymorphisms in the third intron were characterized in 28 patients with chronic psychosis who responded well to typical neuroleptics, 32 patients who responded well to clozapine, and 57 healthy comparison subjects.
		DRD4 exon III polymorphism and response to risperidone in Israeli adolescents with schizophrenia: a pilot pharmacogenetic study.
		DRD4 is a homologue of Drd4 (dopamine receptor 4) from Mus musculus.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/87796.html (1691 words)

	DRD4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		DRD4 is a gene which codes for a type dopamine receptor known as the D
		A specific allele of this gene (known as the 'DRD4 long' variant) has been loosely linked to a susceptibility for developing ADHD and a variety of other psychological traits.
		This page was last modified 19:06, 6 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DRD4 (76 words)

	The Gts Gene Mutation Complex
		DRD4 showed considerable homology to DRD2, which maps to 11q23, and to DRD3, which maps to chromosome 3.
		Linkage was found to tyrosine hydroxylase (191290; lod = 7.4 with male and female recombination = 0.10 and 0.17, respectively) and with the Harvey RAS oncogene (190020; lod = 11.1 with male and female recombination = 0.02 and 0.0, respectively).
		They concluded that if genetic variation at the DRD4 locus exerts an effect on human novelty seeking, it is likely to be through a mutation in linkage disequilibrium with the exon 3 VNTR rather than as a direct consequence of that variation.
	www.members.tripod.com /~Mark_Kozlowski/drd4.html (2388 words)

	Patent 6,998,235
		However, because the majority of studies that investigated DRD4 were case-controls and the only study conducted on families was in a small sample size (Bochetta et al 1999), the involvement of DRD4 in bipolar disorder cannot be ruled out.
		In the present study a family-based association study of the DRD4 48 bp repeats VNTR and the TH intron I tetranucleotide repeats VNTR allele was performed in a sample made up of subjects suffering from DSM IV bipolar disorder and their respective biological parents.
		The term "repeat unit in the VNTR region of the DRD4 gene" means a 48 bp unit found in the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region in the third exon of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4).
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2006/Feb2006/021406/6998235_Bipolar021406.htm (1668 words)

	ALFRED
		Polymorphisms at the DRD4 gene have been examined for association with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders and normal behavioral variation.
		The DRD4 gene is unusual because of the very extensive amount of expressed variation for the 48 bp repeat polymorphism in exon 3 (Kidd et al.
		"Evolution of exon 1 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene in primates".
	alfred.med.yale.edu /alfred/recordinfo.asp?condition=loci.locus_uid='LO000227L (531 words)

	GTX71827-Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Antibody-GeneTex Inc.
		DRD4 knock-out mice are anatomically normal but display altered locomotion and sensitivity to drugs such as clozapine, cocaine, and others.
		The DRD4 gene contains extensive polymorphisms consisting of variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) in sequences corresponding to the third cytoplasmic loop of the receptor; at least 27 different haplotypes encoding 20 different protein variants have been documented.
		DRD4 expression has been reported in various regions of the brain as well as in adrenal gland, artery, eye, heart, kidney, placenta, spinal cord, testis, and vas deferens.
	www.genetex.com /commerce/catalog/product.jsp?product_id=19115 (223 words)

	ExactAntigen drd4 -- reagents, researchers, and patents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		drd4 webpages for: drd4 antibodies, drd4 ELISA, drd4 siRNA, drd4 recombinant proteins, drd4 cDNA clones
		(2004) DRD4 exon 3 variants are not associated with symptomatology of major psychoses in a German population Neurosci Lett 368:269-73.
		(2003) DRD4 exon III polymorphism and response to risperidone in Israeli adolescents with schizophrenia: a pilot pharmacogenetic study Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:183-5.
	www.exactantigen.com /gene/dpp4/drd4.html (530 words)

	Folding Efficiency Is Rate-limiting in Dopamine D4 Receptor Biogenesis -- Van Craenenbroeck et al. 280 (19): 19350 -- ...
		To show conversion of low molecular weight DRD4 accumulated by BFA and quinpirole treatment to mature high molecular weight (B), BFA was washed out for various lengths of time (0–8 h) in the presence of quinpirole and cycloheximide (20 µg/ml; cycloheximide was added 1 h before BFA washout to prevent new DRD4 synthesis).
		The first lane (Ctr) is DRD4 expression after a 10-h quinpirole treatment, and the second lane (0) is DRD4 expression after 10 h incubation with quinpirole and BFA at the start of the BFA wash out.
		The 4-h incubation period was selected because it does not result in a limited reduction of mature glycosylated DRD4 upon blockade of DRD4 export from the ER by BFA (see also Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/280/19/19350 (5623 words)

	Gene Expression: DRD4, sex and Jews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Interestingly, some forms of variants in this gene were shown to have a depressing effect on sexual desire, arousal and function, while other common variant had the opposite effect - an increase in the sexual desire score.
		The paper to published in Molecular Psychiatry is Polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) contribute to individual differences in human sexual behavior: desire, arousal and sexual function.
		And of course, there is the Harpending and Cochran review in PNAS, In our genes, which argues that the variation in the allele frequencies between populations is suggestive of their respective evolutionary histories.
	www.gnxp.com /blog/2006/05/drd4-sex-and-jews.php (622 words)

	GeneCard for DRD4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		DRD4 exon 3 variants associated with delusional symptomatology in major psychoses: a study on 2,011 affected subjects.
		Association between Novelty Seeking and the -521 C/T polymorphism in the promoter region of the DRD4 gene.
		Identification of a polymorphism in the promoter region of DRD4 associated with the human novelty seeking personality trait.
	bioinfo.cnio.es /cgi-bin/genecards/carddisp?DRD4 (657 words)

	Birth season affects gene linkage to hyperkinetic and conduct disorders - Behavioral Genetics : Epilepsy.com
		Season of birth variations in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms are different for affective disorders and schizophrenia.
		The DRD4 gene has been postulated as a candidate gene for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), equivalent to hyperkinetic disorder (HD), researchers in Germany report.
		Therefore, in a subgroup of children with HD and conduct disorder (CD) and in healthy controls, we investigated a possible association between the DRD4*7 allele and HD CD in association with the season of birth.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1099578612.html (382 words)

	[No title]
		Serretti et al.,(1998) found an association between long DRD4 receptors and symptoms of delusions in patients with bipolar disorder, providing evidence that DRD4*7 may be a risk factor in developing delusions in bipolar patients.
		The DRD4 gene shows a uniquely high degree of variation in the human population, with several polymorphisms located both in the translated and not translated region.
		Therefore this study observed an association of long DRD4 variants with delusional symptoms in a sample of mood disorder subjects, thereby providing further evidence that DRD4*7 may be a risk factor for the development of delusions in subjects affected by major psychoses.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/raw/_icEx2FZPMdCblxcicZx2FYLV4nhVaA.txt (3322 words)

	DRD4 GeneCard
		Drugs & compounds for DRD4 protein from BIOMOL
		Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for DRD4
		Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for DRD4
	www.genecards.org /cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=DRD4 (526 words)

	A genetic basis for behavior in infancy
		It has been known from a previous report that the -521 T allele reduces the rate of transcription of the DRD4 gene by approximately 40% compared to the -521 C variant, suggesting the functional relevance of this polymorphism for dopaminergic neurotransmission.
		By genotyping infants for both the length and the regulatory polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene, the authors found that the association between disorganized attachment and the 7-repeat allele was enhanced in the presence of the -521 T allele.
		This result supports the authorsÕ previous postulate that DRD4 is a genetic susceptibility factor for the atypical development of attachment behavior in low-risk, non-clinical populations.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-01/mp-agb123101.php (625 words)

	Genetics
		7R DRD4 Variant Predicts Higher Methylphenidate Dosage Requirement: In a study of 45 ADHD children, ages 7-15, the dose needed to obtain a 10-point improvement on the Conners' Global Index-Parent assessment with DRD4 7R (n=20) was 30 mg (1.00 mg/kg) vs. 20 mg (0.49 mg/kg) without 7R (n=25).
		Dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele predicts methylphenidate dose response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pharmacogenetic study.
		DAT-1 and 7R DRD4: Abnormal Dopamine Transporter or D4 Receptor: ADHD is 1.7 to 17% of population with a large majority boys from 2:1 to 9:1 boys.
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /genetics3.htm (1821 words)

	Association Between the Type 4 Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Novelty Seeking -- Keltikangas-Järvinen et ...
		DRD4 and novelty seeking is that the number of repeats in DRD4
		gene or in a gene in linkage disequilibrium with DRD4.
		Strobel A, Wehr A, Michel A, Brocke B. Association between the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III polymorphism and measures of novelty seeking in a German population.
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/full/65/3/471 (3217 words)

	Bioreagents.com: Dopamine Receptor D4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synthetic peptide (KLH conjugated) to the C-terminal domain of human DRD4.
		DRD4 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded human tissues.
		Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4), a Dopamine Receptor, has been suggested to affect personality, substance dependence, cognition, and emotion.
	www.bioreagents.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/Product/PA1-15712 (266 words)

	Conference Schedule
		The human dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) contains a polymorphic sequence in exon 3 consisting of a variable number of 48-base-pair-repeats.
		The DRD4 DNA sequence was first examined in 24 individuals from the oldest living matrilines of the Vervet Research Colony to obtain the maximum genetic diversity.
		We found 2 variations in the number of the 48-bp units, a 5-repeat and a 6-repeat, with variations within the DNA sequence and amino acid sequence of these repeat units.
	www.asp.org /asp2005/abstractDisplay.cfm?abstractID=1101&confEventID=1053 (261 words)

	All View Search for 'DRD4' Record found: 71
		Schizophrenia is not associated with DRD4 48-base-pair-repeat length or individual alleles: results of a meta-analysis.
		Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism with temperament in 3-year-old infants.
		The association of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) with temperament in 12-month-old infants.
	geneticassociationdb.nih.gov /cgi-bin/tableview.cgi?table=allview&cond=GENE='DRD4' (323 words)

	Lead Exposure Tied to ADHD Symptoms - Healthy Kids and Pediatrics - health and medical information produced by doctors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Since lead exposure can contribute to problems with attention and executive function -- the ability to plan and organize behavior -- and people with ADHD also have problems with attention and executive function, the researchers thought there might be some genetic connection.
		In a group of 172 boys and girls, the researchers looked at the DRD4 gene and tested the children for lead at 60 months of age.
		Children with the high-risk variation were more likely to have ADHD symptoms, such as problems with spatial working memory (the ability to keep information in mind while performing a complex task) and "attentional flexibility" (the ability to change when you get new information or encounter an obstacle).
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=61299 (682 words)

	Dopamine transporter and receptor gene polymorphisms linked to ADHD : Epilepsy.com
		The researchers explained, "One hundred and twenty-six trios were studied and 87% of probands were boys (mean age=8.2 years, mean IQ 104).
		The 10-repeat allele and 4-repeat allele were the most frequent for DAT1 and DRD4.
		The negative TDT finding between DAT1 and DRD4 VNTR polymorphisms and ADHD should be interpreted with caution; partly due to lack of power caused by low heterozygosity in the study population," reported the authors.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1136817000.html (405 words)

	Science and Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He said the disorder has an onset as early as the age of seven, and is characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity.
		By comparing the DRD4 genes of the 600 individuals, the researchers also found that this 7R variant probably originated from a change in the DRD4 gene about 10,000 to 40,000 years ago, which is relatively recent on an evolutionary scale.
		One surprising conclusion from these results, according to Moyzis, is that the 7R variant of the DRD4 gene must have spread rapidly among humans, meaning that it must have given certain positive traits to the individuals affected.
	horus.vcsa.uci.edu /archive/2001-2002/winter/020121/sctech.htm (994 words)

	The Individualist: DRD4 (Dopamine Receptor D4) Gene
		Genotypes containing the DRD4 long allele were marginally associated with low harm avoidance.
		Strong linkage disequilibrium between exon 1 12-bp duplication and exon 3 48-bp VNTR were observed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
		Significant main effects of gender and DRD4 genotype were observed on 6-year behavioral problems.
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/DRD4_(Dopamine_Receptor_D4)_Gene (332 words)

	IngentaConnect Collaborative analysis of DRD4 and DAT genotypes in population-de... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		IngentaConnect Collaborative analysis of DRD4 and DAT genotypes in population-de...
		Collaborative analysis of DRD4 and DAT genotypes in population-defined ADHD subtypes
		Three studies which had previously reported no associations between polymorphisms of the DRD4 and DAT genes and DSM-IV defined ADHD were reanalyzed using population-based and DSM-IV defined ADHD subtypes.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bpl/jcpp/2005/00000046/00000010/art00007 (341 words)

	Gene Expression: DRD4, sex and Jews
		Bonobos need to have their genome sequenced before DRD4 can be accepted as an H Sapiens only.
		Other primate genomes may help establish whether H Sapiens gained this mutation or if chimpanzees lost it.
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	scienceblogs.com /gnxp/2006/05/drd4_sex_and_jews.php (929 words)

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