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| | ETHNICITY AND CONFLICT IN THE CAUCASUS(4) |
 | | Initially, and still in the 1920's, Kumyks were the most advanced national group in Daghestan, and their language served as the 'lingua franca' for all highlanders, so that to be fluent in Kumyk meant to be sophisticated, advantaged and prepared for social mobility. |
 | | So in Daghestan, just as in the territories immediately West of it, it may be expected that the cleavage between the multi-ethnic, detribalized, partly de-ethnicized urban areas and the tradition-oriented, largely self-supporting, agricultural and pastoral communities in the isolated highlands will be aggrevated in the future. |
 | | A person in Highland Daghestan would call himself Inkhoqwari in his own or neighborly village, a Khvarshin in a more remoted village, would probably prefer to pretend to be an Avar in Makhach-Kala (the capital of Daghestan), and just say 'I am a Daghestani' when he comes to Moscow. |
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