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Topic: Dairy cattle

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	Cattle - MSN Encarta
		Cattle, common term for the domesticated herbivorous mammals that constitute the genus Bos, of the family Bovidae, and that are of great importance to humans because of the meat, milk, leather, glue, gelatin, and other items of commerce they yield.
		The concept and formulation of modern breeds of cattle began in the midregions of England, in northern Europe, and on the Channel Islands during the mid-1800s, and most modern breeds were formed in the latter half of that century.
		Dairy cattle are those breeds that have been developed primarily to produce milk.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573997/Cattle.html (1016 words)

	2005-06 Agricultural Census - Help with how to fill in the form - Dairy cattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This information is used to monitor trends in the dairy industry such as changes in the size of dairy cattle farms, the number of farms carrying dairy cattle, and the growing importance of backgrounded cattle.This information is used by industry organisations to represent their industry when dealing with customers and government.
		Dairy cattle numbers at the 30 June 2006 should be reported in either the 'Cows in milk and dry' or 'Other dairy cattle' categories.
		Producers who are involved in backgrounding (cattle grown on contract) dairy cattle for others should report the disposal (ie the transfer off) of these cattle during the 12 months between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006 in the category "All other dairy cattle and calves -owned by others".
	www.abs.gov.au /websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/69085d3a98eab05dca257195007bbbb0!OpenDocument (376 words)

	Farm Sanctuary
		The dairy industry's promotional images depicting happy cows whiling away their time in shaded pastures couldn't be further from the reality of dairy production in the United States today.
		A dairy cow's average life expectancy, should she be allowed to thrive in a healthy environment, would be in excess of 20 years.
		Dairy cattle account for the largest percentage of "downed animals," farmed animals too sick or injured to walk on their own.
	www.farmsanctuary.org /campaign/dairy_report.htm (750 words)

	CyberSpace Ag: Farm Animals - Dairy History
		Dairy products have existed since the days of ancient Egypt when they could only be afforded by the royalty, the priests, and the very wealthy.
		Dairy cows were eventually kept in or near towns and cities - closer to the growing numbers of people.
		In the 1880's and 1890's, Brown Swiss dairy cattle were taken to most parts of the United States by settlers and traders and the Brown Swiss breed had reached the Pacific Ocean by 1895.
	www.cyberspaceag.com /farmanimals/dairycattle/dairyhistory.htm (635 words)

	A survey of cattle production in China
		Dairy farmers are emerging in large numbers: according to statistics collated by the CGBCWBDC, dairy cows in Heilongjiang Province in 1991 amounted to 618 000, an increase of 261 percent over 1983 and almost four times more than in 1982.
		The total dairy cattle population of the Province of Fujian was 15 000 dairy cows.
		When the cattle grazed on natural pastures in Yi Li and Tachong areas and were slaughtered between September and November, it was found that the dressing percentage for 18-month-old steers was 47.4,50.5 for 30-month-old and 53.1 for adult steers, with respective meat percentages of 36.3, 38.4 and 39.3.
	www.fao.org /AG/againfo/resources/documents/WAR/war/V0600B/v0600b07.htm (3125 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		CATTLE, common term for the domesticated herbivorous mammals that constitute the genus Bos, of the family BOVIDAE, raised for their meat, milk, and for draft purposes; they are also of great importance for leather, glue, gelatin, and other products they yield.
		The total world cattle population in the mid-1990s was estimated to be more than 1.3 billion head, with about 33 percent in Asia, 22 percent in South America, 15 percent in Africa, 13 percent in North and Central America, and 8 percent in Europe.
		Dairy cattle in the U.S. were estimated to number 9.4 million head in the mid-1990s.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/cattle.html (1129 words)

	Importation requirements for dairy cattle
		All dairy females (cows and heifers) must be vaccinated for brucellosis.
		All dairy cattle, and beef bulls consigned to a dairy, must be tested negative for brucellosis (regardless of the status of the state of origin) within 30 days before entering Arizona if the official calfhood vaccinate is: a) 18 months or older; b) cutting the first set of permanent incisors; or c) parturient or post-parturient.
		All dairy cattle, and beef bulls consigned to a dairy, must be tested negative for tuberculosis within 60 days prior to entry regardless of status of state of origin.
	www.azda.gov /ASD/DairyCattle.htm (215 words)

	Dairy Cattle Factsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The welfare of dairy cattle can be safeguarded and their needs met under a variety of management systems.
		The space allowance for cattle housed in groups should be calculated in relation to the whole environment, to the size of the group and to the age, sex, weight and behavioural needs of the stock.
		Pastures where cattle are kept over long periods or permanently during the season should have natural or artificial shelters that provide shade and protection from adverse weather conditions.
	www.carc-crac.ca /english/codes_of_practice/factsheets/dairye.htm (1225 words)

	Dairy Cattle
		A survey of 73 farms in Victoria found that 88% of herds were affected to some degree by lameness, with the number of affected cows in the herds ranging from 0% to 31% (10).
		Dairy cattle are routinely dehorned, and some also have their tails removed, both of which are painful mutilations.
		After media exposure and bad publicity, other cattle farmers seem to have applied pressure to the company to stop this method of raising calves (27).
	www.animalliberation.org.au /cattledairy.php (2259 words)

	UVI AES Dairy Cattle Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The dairy cattle research is conducted on cooperator farms on St. Croix.
		Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of the environment on the physiology of the Holstein cattle used on the dairy farms.
		Remote temperature probes are being used to collect data on the body temperature of dairy cows under conditions of heat stress.
	rps.uvi.edu /AES/Animal/Dairy.html (214 words)

	Dairy-Cattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Research has shown that cattle allowed to walk in single file have fewer cases of lameness than those that are rushed to the parlor and back.
		It is possible that cattle may be infected with the bacterium but demonstrate no evidence of lameness or lesions until a specific stress or environmental component triggers the disease.
		Affected cattle should be separated from the herd and confined to prevent the spread of the organism.
	dairy-cattle.blogspot.com (2140 words)

	Whole Animal Composting of Dairy Cattle
		Rainfall totaled 2 inches at the dairy during the experiment, and no additional moisture was added.
		It is advised that prior to implementing whole animal composting on your dairy, check local and state requirements regulating animal mortality disposal.
		Mortality compost is an excellent source of fertilizer for crops utilized by the dairy farm.
	www.dairybusiness.com /western/Nov01/NovWDBcompost.htm (1317 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Dairy cattle numbers in Texas declined from 1,283,000 in 1949 to 297,921 in 1974, with little decline in the total amount of milk produced.
		Though the number of dairy cattle in Texas reached a low point in 1974, the number of dairy farms dropped still lower, and by 1987 there were 5,899 farms that sold dairy products-but they reported having 356,538 dairy cows, an increase of more than 58,000 over the 1974 figure.
		In the early 1990s, 95 percent of the dairy industry in Texas was located east of a line running from Wichita Falls to Brownwood to San Antonio to Corpus Christi.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/DD/agd1.html (990 words)

	Vitamin Needs of Dairy Cattle
		The 1988 NRC shows that a 1400-pound dairy cow consuming 40 lbs of dry matter daily needs about 65,000 USP units of vitamin A. Florida dairymen and feed men are encouraged to add 5 to 6 million units of vitamin A per ton of feed.
		The new 1988 NRC guidelines recommend the addition of vitamin D to dairy cattle rations at the level of 450 units per pound of dry matter.
		The 1988 NRC recommendations in the nutrient requirements of dairy cattle are 0.3 ppm selenium in the total ration dry matter and 7 IU of vitamin E per lb of dry matter (DM) intake.
	www.mycattle.com /health/updates/wintervitaminneeds.cfm (2518 words)

	DASEES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The dynamics of observed thermoregulatory responses in cattle to thermal heat load challenges are explored, with an emphasis on physiological and behavioral parameters of body temperature, respiration rate, and feed intake.
		The dynamic responses are discussed in the context of establishing criteria for proactive environmental management for cattle during hot weather, using heat waves as an example.
		Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy is difficult in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress because of reductions in estrous detection rate and the proportion of inseminated cows that maintain pregnancy.
	www.fass.org /dasees/dairyproduction/heat.asp (1996 words)

	US.Merial.com : Producers : Dairy : Products
		IVOMEC® (ivermectin) 1% Injection for Cattle and Swine is an injectable parasiticide for cattle and swine.
		Implementing proper milking procedures and providing a clean environment for your dairy cattle can help prevent mastitis, but it can also be important to use an effective mastitis vaccine.
		MERIAL® RELIANT® 4 is a modified-live cattle vaccine designed to provide reliable, economical protection against IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), BVD (bovine virus diarrhea), PI3 (parainfluenza 3) and (killed) BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus) in healthy cattle, including dairy cattle.
	us.merial.com /producers/dairy/products (645 words)

	Dairy Cattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dairy farmers don’t usually buy dairy cows, they raise their own.
		Farmers breed their dairy cows on the farm so that they can always have new calves and lots of milk.
		Dairy farms have to produce a certain amount of milk all year round.
	www.horizon.ab.ca /barnwell/grade4/farmanimals/dairycattle.htm (798 words)

	Feeding Barley to Dairy Cattle
		Barley is widely used in diets for all types of dairy animals, including young calves and growing animals as well as lactating and non-lactating dairy cows.
		Barley is the only grain used in many northern latitude dairies and supports rolling herd averages of 21,000 to 24,000 lb (7,545 to 10,909 kg).
		Fiber concentrations in dairy cattle diets are variable because of the composition of concentrates (Weiss et al., 1989) and source and maturity of forages (Mertens, 1983).
	www.ag.ndsu.edu /pubs/ansci/dairy/eb72w.htm (3500 words)

	Factory Farming - Dairy Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The abuse wreaked upon the bodies of dairy cows is so intense that the dairy industry also is a huge source of "downed animals" —; animals who are so sick or injured that they are unable to walk even stand.
		Although the dairy industry is familiar with the cows' health problems and suffering associated with intensive milk production, it continues to subject cows to even worse abuses in the name of increased profit.
		The half that are born female are raised to replace older dairy cows in the milking herd.
	www.factoryfarming.com /dairy.htm (682 words)

	Dairy Cattle Terms
		A refrigerated tank where the dairy producer stores the milk until it is taken to the processing plant.
		Except for a few animals, almost all female and male cattle are born with horns.
		The dairy producer follows many procedures to make sure the milk is free from bacteria.
	www.thebige.com /agriculture/ag_dairy_cattle.html (488 words)

	Salt for Dairy Cattle
		In addition, dairy cattle are commonly fed high forage diets that are low in sodium and high in potassium.
		The 2001 Dairy NRC (286) reported that empirical modeling of data from 15 experiments with lactating cows (1,444 cow-period observations) conducted in either cool or warm seasons showed that dry matter intake and milk yield were improved by dietary concentrations of sodium well above those needed to meet sodium requirements (287, 288).
		In those cases, most dairy scientists recommend that 0.5% to 1.0% salt be added to the concentration mixture fed to dairy cattle (70, 71).
	www.saltinstitute.org /47g.html (1213 words)

	VEIN : Cattle: beef and dairy
		Several projects are being carried out to investigate the roles of vitamin D and calcium in dairy cattle, and in humans, including the role of dairy milk in human nutrition.
		This is an outline of the history of rinderpest (also known as cattle plague)in europe, and the efforts to control the disease and develop a vaccine.
		This is the report of the Dairy Deregulation Impact and Assessment Committee to the NSW Parliament published in October 2001.
	vein.library.usyd.edu.au /links/cattle.html (4313 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - Cattle
		Beef production is related to the cattle cycle, a series of peaks and troughs in herd size and production that typically lasts from 8 to 12 years.
		Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook provides monthly analysis of current developments in the livestock and poultry industry, providing data on animal numbers, meat and egg production, prices, trade, and net returns.
		Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook provides monthly update on market developments and their influence on livestock production, prices, and trade.
	www.ers.usda.gov /briefing/cattle (849 words)

	Mineral Nutrution of Dairy Cattle
		Table 2 shows the current levels of the major or macro minerals recommended for dairy cattle rations.
		The addition of trace minerals and certain vitamins to dairy cattle rations is usually considered to be good nutritional insurance.
		In order to avoid a vitamin A deficiency in reproduction, the dairy ration should provide from 40,000 to 80,000 USP units of vitamin A. Some dairymen feed little vitamin A during the green forage feeding period and about 100,000 to 150,000 units per cow during hot weather.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /DS074 (575 words)

	Dairy Cattle
		This record book is a tool to guide youth in keeping an accurate record of their expenses and other important records pertaining to dairy cattle or dairy goats.
		This dairy project publication is for coaches and is used in conjunction with Five Easy Steps to Preparing Effective Reasons for Dairy Cattle Judging Contests I and II (4H DAJ 01, 4H DAJ 02) and Making it Better, Tips for Improving Oral Reason Scores (4H DAJ 04).
		This dairy project publication is a manual that gives youth of all ages tips on how to lead, pose, show the animal in the ring, orient the youth on the various classes at a dairy show, and the scorecard for judging showmanship.
	4h.ifas.ufl.edu /curriculum/projects/animal_sci/dacattlepubs.htm (953 words)

	Forages for Dairy Cattle, AS-0002-99
		Dairy cows fed high-quality forage produce more milk with less supplemental concentrate than cows fed lower-quality forage.
		Wisconsin research found that dairy cows fed a diet of 70% late bud alfalfa and 30% concentrate (dry matter basis) produced more milk than did cows fed a diet of 30% full bloom alfalfa and 70% concentrate.
		Auburn University recommends that dairy cattle not be fed tall fescue even if infection level is as low as 5%.
	ohioline.osu.edu /as-fact/0002.html (4841 words)

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