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Topic: Daisyworld

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Gaia theory (science)

SimEarth

Homeostasis

James Lovelock

Gaia (mythology)

Little Shop of Horrors

Atlantic Coast Conference

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Walt Disney Pictures

Richard Dawkins

Bachelor of Arts

Alan Menken

1983

1990

	Daisyworld - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Daisyworld, a computer simulation, is a hypothetical world orbiting a sun whose temperature is slowly increasing in the simulation.
		Daisyworld was introduced by James Lovelock and Andrew Watson to illustrate the plausibility of the Gaia hypothesis in a paper published in 1983.
		However, the Daisyworld system exhibits hysteresis: for some solar constants, the planet has two distinct stable states, typically abiotic and one almost 100% occupied.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Daisyworld (549 words)

	Daisyworld & Beyond: The Daisyworld Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daisyworld (Watson and Lovelock, 1983) was invented to demonstrate that a self-regulating system can emerge from physically realistic coupling between life and its material environment, without teleology (conscious foresight or planning on the part of unconscious organisms).
		Daisyworld provides a template for a very effective type of feedback control system, which can be described in abstract form thus: A system variable is regulated by two effects that act in opposite directions on the variable and inhibit one another (Saunders et al., 1998).
		Daisyworld has generated much interest in the mechanisms by which the Earth's climate is regulated and the role of life in controlling the climate (Lenton, 1998; Lenton and Betts, 1998; McGuffie and Henderson-Sellers, 1997; Watson, 1999).
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /daisyworld/daisyworld.html (1170 words)

	Daisyworld model
		Daisyworld is a very simple planet that has only two species of life on its surface -- white and fl daisies.
		The key aspect of Daisyworld is that the two types of daisies have different colors and thus different albedos.
		Daisyworld's sun begins it life with a diminished luminosity (like all suns) and grows steadily hotter and hotter, producing more and more energy.
	www.acad.carleton.edu /curricular/GEOL/DaveSTELLA/Daisyworld/daisyworld_model.htm (2640 words)

	On Homeostasis in Daisyworld
		Daisyworld was formulated by Watson and Lovelock to demonstrate mathematically how climate regulation by the biota could work.
		Although Daisyworld was not devised as a realistic model of the Earth, its properties are meant to be important for the Earth.
		Daisyworld is a highly idealised model of climate regulation by the biota.
	www.knmi.nl /~weber/abstracts/disc3.html (1015 words)

	Daisyworld -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daisyworld was introduced by (Click link for more info and facts about James Lovelock) James Lovelock and Andrew Watson to illustrate the plausibility of the (Click link for more info and facts about Gaia hypothesis) Gaia hypothesis in a paper published in 1983.
		The simulated planet is seeded with two different ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed) species of (Any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl) daisy as its only life form: fl daisies and white daisies.
		A version of the Daisyworld simulation was included in the (Click link for more info and facts about Maxis) Maxis video game (Click link for more info and facts about SimEarth) SimEarth.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/D/Da/Daisyworld.htm (631 words)

	Encyclopedia: Daisyworld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hysteresis is a property of systems (usually physical systems) that do not instantly follow the forces applied to them, but react slowly, or do not return completely to their original state: that is, systems whose states depend on their immediate history.
		Abiotic factors are the non-living factors of the Earth which affect the ability of living organisms to survive in an environment.
		Gaia philosophy (named after Gaia, the Greek goddess of the Earth) is a broadly inclusive term for related concepts that living organisms on a planet will affect the nature of their environment – to make it more suitable for life.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Daisyworld (1137 words)

	SYSTEM-DEPENDENT SELECTION, ECOLOGICAL FEEDBACK AND THE EMERGENCE OF FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE IN ECOSYSTEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daisyworld is an imaginary planet orbiting a star like the Sun and at the same orbital distance as the Earth.
		Levin's description of this equilibrium is reminiscent of the dynamics of Daisyworld: "At this equilibrium, the intrinsic disadvantage of the resistant bacterial population...is exactly overcome by its resistance to toxin, and the intrinsic advantage of the sensitive cells is exactly offset by loss due to the action of toxin" (p.
		Unlike Daisyworld, the Bali model involves multiple (and varying) environmental parameters, and initial conditions that are both complex and arbitrary: dozens of irrigation systems, hundreds of subaks and arbitrary numbers of alternative cropping patterns ("phenotypes").
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~lansing/System-dep_selection.htm (7990 words)

	Learn more about Gaia theory (science) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This idea is based on the idea that the biomass self-regulate the conditions on the planet to make its physical environment (in particular temperature and chemistry of the atmosphere) on the planet more hospitable to the species which constitute its "life." The Gaia Hypothesis proper defined this "hospitality" as a full homeostasis.
		A simple model that is often used to illustrate the original Gaia hypothesis is the so-called Daisyworld simulation.
		Lovelock responded to criticisms with the mathematical Daisyworld model (1983), first to prove the existence of feedback mechanisms, second to demonstrate it was possible that control of the glocal biomass occur, without consciousness being involved.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ga/gaia_theory__science_.html (2539 words)

	Lab Activity for GEOL/METR 310: Planetary Climate Change
		Daisyworld is the same size as Earth and has the same solar constant.
		The albedo of daisies is 0.9 and the albedo of gray soil is 0.2.
		Use the relation between daisy fractional areal coverage and temperature as it is defined in the text's Daisyworld (a parabolic relation within a certain range of temperatures).
	squall.sfsu.edu /courses/gm310/F00/labs/lab.1.html (871 words)

	DaisyWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		DaisyWorld is a hypothetical planet with gray soil that supports a variety of daisies specimens of different colors.
		DaisyWorld has no clouds, greenhouse gases, or oceans, and the amount of sunlight absorbed by the planet depends on the area of the darker soil compared to the lighter colored daisies.
		This decreases the DaisyWorld temperature and encourages new white daisy growth.
	www.users.interport.net /b/u/bunin/daisyworld.html (922 words)

	Hormonal control, Koeslag
		The temperature on Daisyworld depends on the solar luminosity and the planet's albedo or reflectivity.
		The pairs of rein control hormones concerned with the plasma calcium and glucose concentrations, and with blood volume, are reminescent of white and fl daisies (Koeslag, Saunders, Wessels, 1997).
		The final requirement is that there should be something equivalent to the finite amount of space on Daisyworld which limits the total number of daisies on that imaginary planet.
	academic.sun.ac.za /med_physiology/abstract.htm (2739 words)

	[No title]
		Daisyworld is a planet that is essentially identical in property to the Earth, it is the same size, maintains the same orbit, and is the same age as the Earth.
		The next Daisyworld model includes a third kind of daisy, one that is colored with the same degree of darkness as the surface color.
		As in the other publication on Daisyworld, Lovelock stresses that unlike similar models of competition, the Daisyworld model is stable, and can recover stability even if half of the population of daisies is destroyed in a plague.
	www.users.interport.net /m/r/mrspice/gaia.htm (4314 words)

	Gaia theory (science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lovelock offered the Daisyworld model as mathematical evidence to refute most of these criticisms.
		Lovelock responded to criticisms with the mathematical Daisyworld model (1983), first to prove the existence of feedback mechanisms, second to demonstrate it was possible that control of the global biomass could occur without consciousness being involved.
		Using computer simulations of the Daisyworld parameters (no atmosphere, taking into account different albedos for each daisy type) and a mathematical approach, Lovelock proved that the controlled stability of the climate by life was not being teleological.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaia_theory_(science) (2839 words)

	Appendix A - General Computer Information
		Daisyworld is a model derived by James Lovelock to explain part of his Gaia hypothesis.
		Briefly stated, Gaia (the Greek goddess equivalent to our idea of "mother nature") is a view of the Earth as a single living organism which actively maintains conditions for life, as opposed to a view of the Earth as a rock on which it happens that it is possible for things to live.
		The DaisyWorld model is a simple attempt to show that it is theoretically possible for living organisms to control the temperature of the planet through evolution.
	www.marietta.edu /~mcshaffd/eco/sym/EKAPH98.html (1133 words)

	DaisyWorld
		Daisyworld's sun is a variable star which experiences sudden shifts in solar output, which effects the temperature of Daisyworld.
		Daisyworld adjusts its temperature so that the amount of heat energy radiated out equals the amount of solar energy that comes in.
		Daisyworld shows that it is conceivable for a planet's biota to regulate its physical climate (in this case temperature).
	www.cs.uga.edu /~cs1210/Lectures/GlobalWarming/Gaia.html (883 words)

	Tutorial 3 - The Gaia Hypothesis: Exploring Daisyworld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This dynamic "geophysiology" is illustrated by Daisyworld, a planet in which the Earth;s surface is modeled in terms of its (flbody) temperature, with fl and white "daisies" living on the surface within a narrow range of temperatures (see graph below).
		Since the original Daisyworld was proposed, many complexities have been added to the model; today, an enthusiastic, cross-disciplinary scientific community (http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/daisyworld/index.html) continues to experiment with the model.
		The global albedo of Daisyworld is controlled by the growth of the daisies; this causes global temperature to change, which in turn affects the daisy growth rates, leading to homeostasis.
	www.jhu.edu /~eps/paleoguide/tutorial3.html (356 words)

	Daisyworld homeostasis and the earth system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Daisyworld model (Watson and Lovelock, 1983; henceforth, WL, or 'the Daisymodel') was constructed to demonstrate that a biota could stabilise a planetary environment subject to large variations in external variables.
		The concepts underlying Daisyworld are phrased in its core equations.
		On the other hand, for those who regard Daisyworld as a cute (or annoying) distraction from the scientific questions raised by Gaia, we hope that it provides a basis for calling attention away from fictitious worlds and back to the study of real planets and realistic mechanisms.
	www.knmi.nl /~weber/abstracts/abstr7.html (326 words)

	Gaia and Selfish Genes: Differing Perspectives on Life
		Daisyworld is an imaginary planet, a model simulated on a computer by Lovelock, whose purpose is to demonstrate how the living components of a planet can keep the planet in a chemical and thermodynamic steady-state, even when acted on by outside forces.
		In its simplest form, Daisyworld is populated by only two species of daises, one dark and one white, whose relative abundances are affected by the overall luminosity of an ever brightening Sun, but who then in turn, help to maintain a steady temperature on the planet's surface.
		While like Daisyworld, this model is only speculative, it is unlike Daisyworld in that all but the last step have been confirmed through observation.
	endeavor.med.nyu.edu /~strone01/gaia.html (3407 words)

	The Earth System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daisyworld is a mythical planet, upon which grows only white daisies.
		Interestingly, Daisyworld has a feedback relationship with the essential variable because daisy numbers are dependent on the temperature of the planet and the temperature of the planet depends on the number of daisies.
		In figure 3, Daisyworld appears to be stable where the two graphs intersect (points A and B).
	www.strategies.org /LESSON9.html (3869 words)

	Assignment 1
		An example of life stabilizing climate was shown in the Daisyworld at low temperatures, where the population of reflective daisies increased with temperature.
		As was seen in the Daisyworld, life in simple system is unable to optimize conditions and in some cases it can destabilize the system (as in 2b).
		This is identical to the daisyworld problem in the text, except rather than daisies, we are using ice.
	paos.colorado.edu /~fasullo/1060/hwk/hwk01sol.html (1649 words)

	Daisyworld: a tutorial approach to geophysiological modelling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It must be pointed out that the global temperature of the populated planet - in contrast to the unpopulated one - is remarkable constant in a wide range of solar luminosity: the planet itself regulates the optimum state of life (homeostasis).
		The original Daisyworld model has been analyzed by other authors in great detail, informations can be found in Isakari and Somerville (1989) and Saunders (1994).
		In (von Bloh et al., 1999) the Daisyworld model including herbivores is described in detail.
	www.pik-potsdam.de /~bloh (1581 words)

	The Gaia Hypothesis - Homeostatic Gaia
		In response to the accusation of teleology, Lovelock introduced in his book The Ages of Gaia, the metaphor of "Daisyworld," a "drastic simplification" of the Gaia hypothesis.
		Daisyworld is a hypothetical planet inhabited only by light and dark daisies.
		The Daisyworld simulation with its hard science approach means that the homeostatic interpretation of Gaia combines both the Objective Scientific and the Holistic-Organic paradigms.
	www.kheper.net /topics/Gaia/homeostatic.html (502 words)

	It’s a Wonderful Daisyworld free essays
		He believed that the biosphere was a “Super-system” capable of regulating its chemical and physical environment.
		Daisyworld is the model of a hypothetical planet, say Planet D. Its purpose is to prove that a self-regulating system, without previous unconscious planning by the organisms, can develop just through life and its material environment.
		The temperature of Planet D is stabilized thanks to a competition for space between two organisms.
	www.needfreeessays.com /viewpaper/3261.html (165 words)

	ATM S 211 - Fall 2001
		The first of these relationships is that the larger the fraction of the surface of the planet that is covered by white daisies, the higher the albedo (albedo = fraction of sunlight which is reflected by the surface), and consequently the cooler the planet.
		These two relationships were then used to examine the climate history of Daisyworld in response to the increasing luminosity of this planet's sun.
		You can run your own simulation of Daisyworld using the JAVA module developed by Ginger Booth and her colleagues at Yale: click here.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /2001Q4/211/notes_daisyworld.html (957 words)

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