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Topic: Dalkon Shield

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	Dalkon Shield
		In this paper, we will present a history of the Dalkon Shield, one of a number of different contraceptive devices that were inserted into the uteruses of many women worldwide, during the last half of this century.
		Finally, we will discuss the harm that users of the Dalkon Shield were often subject to, outcomes that this has had on society, and point out some themes from the case of the Dalkon Shield that continue to be relevant today.
		During the period that the Dalkon Shield was on the market in the USA and abroad, there was widespread concern about the apparent epidemic of population growth.
	www1.umn.edu /scitech/dalkfina.htm (2884 words)

	Shield (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shield (heraldry), the principal portion of a coat of arms
		Shield (geology), a large region of exposed Precambrian basement rock mass, usually at the centre of a continent
		Shielding, a term used informally within some online communities to describe methods used by empathic individuals to protect themselves from emotional overwhelm and over-stimulation caused by proximity to other people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shield_(disambiguation) (281 words)

	DAlkon ShIeld FaQ
		Dalkon Shield was formed in 1982 in Santa Cruz, California, USA.
		The bass player, Denise, was living next door to Bruno and had already wanted to be in a band called 'Dalkon Shield', so she was just perfect.
		With Marcos' passing, the fabled Dalkon Shield Reunion (we were once offered $20 and a sixpack for worldwide broadcasting rights) becomes increasingly less of a possibility.
	www.dalkonshield.com /faq.htm (1091 words)

	James Szaller and the Dalkon Shield Saga
		The Dalkon Shield tailstring, comprised of 200 - 400 individual plastic filaments encased in a plastic sheath, bridged the gap between the uterus and the vagina.
		In 1983, in response to the backlog of Dalkon Shield cases pending in Ohio, Judge Wesley Brown, a federal judge from Wichita, Kansas, was temporarily transferred to Ohio to help resolve cases then pending in the southern district of Ohio.
		In at least one case, the Trust hired an investigator to delve into the background of a Dalkon Shield claimant and her sexual partners, and the evidence was trailed in front of a jury by Trust attorneys.
	lawandhelp.com /oatl.htm (14846 words)

	AterWynne - Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But in the fall of 1983, 13 cases in which women claimed that the Dalkon Shield was defective and caused their pelvic inflammatory disease and related injuries were consolidated for trial before U.S. District Judge Robert Belloni.
		The jury found that the Dalkon Shield was dangerously defective and awarded damages to three individual plaintiffs; it returned defense verdicts in four of the individual cases.
		From the Dalkon Shield work came representation of makers of other medical products and devices, and she was sought out as a products liability defense lawyer by major drug and consumer products companies, including Boise Cascade, 3-M Corp., American Medical Systems and G.D. Searle.
	www.aterwynne.com /resources/article02.html (1913 words)

	Corporate Crime and Violence
		In 1979, Palmer took A.H. Robins to court alleging that the Shield was the cause of her injuries.
		Although there were many problems with the design of the Shield, the most damaging was acknowledged in an internal memo, where company doctors expressed concern over the Dalkon Shield's tail.
		The tailstring of the Dalkon Shield, which is made of about 400 tiny strands encased in a nylon sheath, hangs out of the uterus so a woman can check to see if the Shield is still in place.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1987/04/ahrobins.html (1605 words)

	Dalkon Shield Litigation Winding Down (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Dalkon Shield IUD was a defective intrauterine birth control device manufactured and sold by the A.H. Robins Co. of Richmond, Virginia from January 1971 through June 1974.
		Brown and Szaller houses the "Dalkon Shield Litigation II Depository".
		All cases involving the Dalkon Shield are monitored by the firm, and the results of that monitoring are made available to the 100 member law firms.
	lawandhelp.com /q294-4.htm (193 words)

	The Journal of History
		Moreover, Dr. Davis presented the study as being prospective meaning that he claimed women were chosen for the study at the time that they had their Dalkon Shields inserted, before it could possibly be known how their bodies would react to the devices (Perry).
		Not only was the Shield being linked to an unusual number of septic abortions, but it also was apparent that Shield wearers ran a greater risk of becoming pregnant in the first place.
		Thornton adds that deaths in women using the Dalkon Shield have been brought on by fatal streptococcus pyogene septicemia and severe pelvic infections during pregnancy' as cited in Marshall.
	truedemocracy.net /td-12/35.html (5943 words)

	University of Virginia News Story
		During the 1990s, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust paid out nearly $3 billion to more than 200,000 women who had used the intrauterine contraceptive device, making it one of the most successful settlements for claimants of mass tort litigation.
		With court approval, the U.Va. Law Library received the papers of the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust a year ago at the direction of the trustees on closing the trust.
		Under the reorganization plan and a class-action settlement, also approved by the court, three trusts were created to resolve the claims of Dalkon Shield users, their familes and third parties.
	www.virginia.edu /topnews/releases2001/dalkon-sept-25-2001.html (868 words)

	THE Dalkon Shield claims resolution process
		is a litigation lawyer in Atlanta and served as counsel to the Dalkon Shield Victimsí Association, Inc. Ý He is a member of the Union of International Advocates and serves as Special Advisor to Henning Global ADR related to ADR solutions in mass disaster cases.
		Ý This option would apply to Dalkon Shield victims who are not informed about the full extent of their injuries, such as the need for a hysterectomy or the degree of infertility.
		Ý If the Dalkon Shield and Johns-Manville cases stand as historical examples, tort claimants can achieve substantial success in the bankruptcy court arena through the organization of a claimantsí trust that may be able to pay fairer and quicker compensation to a wider range of personal injury victims.
	www.henningmediation.com /Dalkon.htm (3711 words)

	PUNITIVE DAMAGES FORCE RECALL OF DALKON SHIELD IUD
		PUNITIVE DAMAGES FORCE RECALL OF DALKON SHIELD IUD
		Home / Public / News to Know / Dalkon Shield IUD
		Eight punitive damages awards spurred the A.H. Robins Company to recall the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device (IUD).
	www.gtla.org /public/news/iud.html (141 words)

	Health Square: IUD, intrauterine devices
		The Dalkon Shield, introduced in 1970 and recalled in 1975, was a plastic device which looked like a round bug with one large eye and five legs on each side.
		Dalkon Shield became available at the same time as the U.S. Senate was holding inquiries into the safety of oral contraceptives.
		Doctors reported that Dalkon Shield users were twice as likely to be hospitalized as other women, and that those who became pregnant while wearing an IUD—especially the Shield—increased their chance of dying by up to 50 times that of women with no IUD in place.
	www.healthsquare.com /fgwh/wh1ch20.htm (5141 words)

	Bending the Law: Book note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The special tragedy of the Dalkon Shield disaster was that it easily could have been avoided, had Robins demonstrated a minimal concern for the health of the women in whom the devices were implanted.
		The filing led to the transfer of all Dalkon Shield victimsÆ cases to MerhigeÆs court.
		Merhige denied women with serious injuries their right to have a jury determine their just compensation, and those womenÆs share of the trust fund will be diluted by hundreds of thousands of claims by women with relatively minor injuries.
	www.multinationalmonitor.com /hyper/issues/1992/05/mm0592_13.html (486 words)

	DAlkon ShIeld FaQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Dalkon Shield was formed in 1982 in Santa Cruz, California, USA.
		The first gig was at the Sound of Music club in San Francisco on May 1, 1982, opening for the Child Prostitutes, who left the stage after a fight with another band so Dalkon Shield both opened and headlined (after midnight).
		With Marcos' passing, the fabled Dalkon Shield Reunion (we were once offered $20 and a sixpack for worldwide broadcasting rights) becomes increasingly less of a possibility.
	www.webweasel.com /ds/faq.htm (1091 words)

	Women's response to reproductive trauma secondary to contraceptive iatrogenesis: A phenomenological approach to the ...
		Women whose reproductive organs were irrevocably damaged by the Dalkon Shield are the subjects of this study.
		In addition to the collection of demographic information about the informants and information related to the events preceding the selection of the Dalkon Shield as a contraceptive method, the women's anticipated expectations with the IUD prior to insertion, and impact upon their general health, psyche, marriage, and relationship with others is investigated.
		(5) The negative Dalkon Shield experience can be conceptualized as a phenomenon of six phases which begins with a predisposing belief system of: 'blind faith'; 'physical trauma'; the perception of doctors' 'privileged knowledge'; 'violation'; 'fury'; and 'persistent remorse'.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9427493 (422 words)

	School News: Dalkon Shield Litigation Papers Donated to HLS
		The Dalkon Shield litigation arose from allegations that the intrauterine contraceptive device, which was introduced into the American market in 1971 by A.H. Robins Co., caused pelvic inflammatory disease frequently resulting in infertility.
		The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust was established in 1989, paying out nearly $3 billion by the time it closed in April 2000.
		The Dalkon papers include trial transcripts, medical information on the shield's effects, documents relating to the Robins bankruptcy proceedings, and depositions and testimony from expert witnesses.
	www.law.harvard.edu /alumni/bulletin/2001/spring/sn_03_dalkon.html (263 words)

	Law.com - 2nd Circuit Revives Malpractice Claim in Dalkon Shield Case
		The dismissal of a malpractice claim against lawyers who represented a woman in a Dalkon Shield case has been reversed by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
		After Rubens was hospitalized in 1987 with pelvic inflammatory disease, her Dalkon Shield was removed and she brought a claim against the Dalkon Shield Claimants' Trust alleging that the intrauterine device caused infertility, depression, loss of income and pain and suffering.
		All told, Judge Straub said, the admission of the affidavit was in error because "its limited probative value was substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect in that it had the potential to usurp the fact-finder's responsibilities in the trial within the malpractice trial."
	www.law.com /jsp/article.jsp?id=1099528817443 (616 words)

	The Charge: Gynocide
		There were even medical reports of Dalkon Shields ripping their way through the walls of the uterus and being found floating free in the abdominal cavity far from the uterus.
		They questioned whether the Shields could be reliably inserted by the staffs of remote family planning clinics, who would not have had the benefit of an American medical education.
		The Dalkon Shield dump in 1972-75 went by almost unnoticed; Depo-Provera in 1979 is the target of international activists.
	www.motherjones.com /news/feature/1979/11/ehrenreich.html (5088 words)

	Fatal contraption; the horrifying truth about the Dalkon Shield - includes related information Essence - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		What the doctors didn't tell her, until it was too late, was that the Dalkon Shield had caused her fertility problems.
		But the most sinister danger of the Shield lay in its multifilament-string tail (as opposed to a safer monofilament string), which brought bacteria from the vagina into the uterus and could cause infection.
		And if you're a Dalkon Shield injury victim, you may still be able to get in on the damage-suit fund for late claimants.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1264/is_n3_v20/ai_7709447 (796 words)

	BENDING THE LAW
		The Dalkon Shield had major design flaws which caused injuries ranging from pelvic infections to sterility, septic abortions to death.
		Robins took the Dalkon Shield off the market in 1974, but in subsequent years faced a wave of law suits from among the millions of women who had been implanted with the device.
		By 1985, 9,500 Dalkon Shield cases had been litigated or settled at a total cost to Robins and its insurer of $530 million (p.
	www.unt.edu /lpbr/subpages/reviews/sobol.htm (1335 words)

	Amazon.com: "Dalkon Shield": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1 The Dalkon Shield Efforts to prevent pregnancy by placing a foreign ob- ject in a woman's uterus date back many centuries.
		A A. Robins IN 1997, more than 25 years after A. Robins introduced the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device (IUD) as a safe, effective contraceptive, the last of the product liability suits against the company were headed...
		Dalkon Shield Litigation -- Attorneys On Call 24/7 For Advice & Action.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Dalkon-Shield (464 words)

	New Report Calls IUDs Safe, But Doubts Linger
		Many U.S. women's health activists remain cautious about the device, not only because of the damage caused by the Dalkon Shield, but also because they are aware that many women need protection from sexually transmitted diseases as well as pregnancy.
		The devices fell dramatically in popularity after a popular intrauterine device known as the Dalkon Shield was pulled from the market in 1974 after major problems with it became apparent.
		Studies later showed that the Shield's braided tail acted as a wick, contaminating the uterus with bacteria, while its spiny margins punctured the uterus.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm/dyn/aid/664 (1757 words)

	HLS : Library Receives Dalkon Shield Litigation Materials
		The voluminous collection of depositions, trial transcripts, and other documents assembled by plaintiff lawyers during the landmark mass tort Dalkon Shield case has been donated to the Harvard Law School Library by the Cleveland\Columbus, Ohio law firm of Brown and Szaller.
		The Dalkon Shield litigation arose from allegations that the intrauterine birth device, sold between 1971 and 1974 by A.H. Robins Co. under the trade name Dalkon Shield, caused pelvic inflammatory disease that frequently resulted in sterility.
		Noting that "the Dalkon Shield case represents a landmark in the history of defective product litigation," Harvard Law School Librarian for Special Collections David Warrington says the gift is an extraordinary addition to the School's resources for the study and teaching of the law.
	www.law.harvard.edu /news/2000/09/15_librarydalkon.php (377 words)

	University of Virginia Legal Working Paper Series
		Both must be modified in practice—even if they somehow remained unchanged as a matter of legal doctrine—to assure that mass tort claimants benefit from the efficiencies gained by departing from the model of individual litigation.
		Both the September 11th Fund and the Dalkon Trust sought to achieve this objective by a variety of different means, which nevertheless exhibit a surprising similarity in the overall approach taken by each fund and in the results that it achieved.
		George A. Rutherglen, "The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund and the Legacy of the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust" (February 2005).
	law.bepress.com /uvalwps/uva_publiclaw/art20 (495 words)

	Randomized comparative study of the copper T 300, Dalkon shield, and Shell Loop in parous women -- Cooper et al. 45 ...
		Randomized comparative study of the copper T 300, Dalkon shield, and Shell Loop in parous women -- Cooper et al.
		Mishell DR Jr A randomized comparative study of the Copper T 300, the standard Dalkon Shield and the Silicone Shell Loop D was conducted on 776 parous women.
		Net cumulative first event rates at 1 year and at 18 months, calculated by life-table analysis, were as follows: Copper T 300--pregnancy 1.2/1.9, expulsion 6.4/7.0, removal for pain or bleeding 7.4/10.8; Dalkon Shield--pregnancy 2.7/4.5, expulsion 5.8/5.8, removal for pain or bleeding 7.7/14.7; Shell Loop--pregnancy 3.8/4.9, expulsion 0.5/0.5, removal for pain or bleeding 9.1/13.1.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/45/5/569 (254 words)

	DALKON SHIELD TRUST RAISES AMOUNT CLAIMANTS CAN GET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust has raised the amount it will pay to a claimant who wins a judgment against it from $75,000 to $175,000.
		Originally, the trustees set the amount at $10,000 per woman injured by the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device because they feared paying larger amounts that would deplete the trust and could leave some claimants with no compensation.
		The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust was created as part of the reorganization under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection of Richmond-based A.H. Robins Co.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1994/vp940919/09190042.htm (279 words)

	The Truth about IUD's
		The reason that IUD's have such a bad reputation in the UNITED STATES is as a result of an IUD called the Dalkon Shield.
		The device came in two sizes and it was only the large size that had any problems, even though at the time the string was believed to be the cause of the infections.
		The Dalkon Shield had a multi-filament string which was twisted and this was thought to be a way bacteria entered the uterus.
	www.mjbovo.com /Contracept/IUD-Truth.htm (829 words)

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