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	Dead Sea Scrolls -- Damascus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Damascus Document is a collection of rules and instructions reflecting the practices of a sectarian community.
		The first is an admonition that implores the congregation to remain faithful to the covenant of those who retreated from Judea to the "Land of Damascus." The second lists statutes dealing with vows and oaths, the tribunal, witnesses and judges, purification of water, Sabbath laws, and ritual cleanliness.
		Baumgarten, J. "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current Research." In The Damascus Document Reconsidered.
	www.ibiblio.org /expo/deadsea.scrolls.exhibit/Library/damasc.html (445 words)

	Paul and Damascus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Whatever the situation was in Damascus, it held on throughout the reigns of Caligula and Claudius and into the reign of Nero until about 55/60 CE, when Rome annexed Damascus to its province of Syria as part of an effort to secure its border in the face of war with the Parthians.
		"Damascus" would cease to be a city because for the members of the sect it would now refer to their wilderness refuge, where they—-God’s flock—-could lie down to sleep and not be afraid.
		It is not clear from this wording that Damascus was the point from which he departed for Arabia or that the Damascus was the place of his conversion, but both conclusions can reasonably be inferred as facts assumed by the author to be known by his audience.
	www.christianorigins.com /pauldamascus.html (6071 words)

	Class Notes for Damascus Document
		Whether there is any intention of connecting literally to "Damascus" is unclear, but the ideas of separating from "Judah" and moving "north" reflect the history of ancient Israel and are clearly in the author's consciousness (see DD 7.10-8.21, etc.) with reference to the larger world around him, and the roots of his community.
		It should be kept in mind that the Damascus Document was copied and preserved during the time of the Karaites when the internal Jewish struggles between Karaites (rebellious "readers" of scripture) and Rabbinates (the main stream at the time, defenders of living tradition) were underway.
		Another possibility is that the references in the Damascus Document may be of an ambivalent nature, where the community felt it could still have something to do with the present Temple and its rites.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~dkhouri/project/ddclass.html (2101 words)

	The Expansion and Portability of Zion
		We have Jewish documents composed around the ninth to twelfth centuries of our era that reveal the Jewish authorities beginning particularly at that time to mention Zechariah 9:1 as a section of divine Scripture which denotes that the city limits of Jerusalem could be extended to include the City of Damascus.
		Damascus also had its own legitimate "holy mount." It was the highest of the mountains from the Euphrates in the north all the way to Egypt in the south and down to and including the center part of the Sinai Peninsula.
		Damascus itself was also destined to become the "dwelling-place" of God (like God dwelt and showed His presence in the Temple at Jerusalem or when He appeared at the Transfiguration of Christ on Mount Hermon).
	www.askelm.com /temple/t000801.htm (10099 words)

	Search Results for Damascus - Encyclopædia Britannica
		usually small floor covering, often attributed to Damascus, Syria, in the 16th or 17th century in continuation of the rug art of the Mamluk rulers of that land.
		Eastern monk and theological doctor of the Greek and Latin churches whose treatises on the veneration of sacred images placed him in the forefront of the 8th-century Iconoclastic Controversy, and...
		Document associated with the ancient Jewish community at Qumrn.
	www.britannica.com /search?miid=1138972&query=Damascus (318 words)

	Qumran
		In a cave that yielded the greatest amount of documents, the storage conditions were the worst, and the manuscripts disintegrated into tens of thousands of fragments, which had to be pieced together with the utmost patience and care.
		The document does not deal with an event of anyone being born, and the community was presumably a celibate male one.
		The Damascus Document states that before the advent of the Teacher of Righteousness there existed a group whose members were "for 20 years like blind men groping their way at noon", until god raised for them the Teaches "to guide in the way of His heart".
	mosaic.lk.net /g-qumran.html (1905 words)

	A Suspected Interpolation in 2 Corinthians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He notes incidentally that from 95-64BCE Damascus was the capital city of Coele Syria, a short-lived and rather small kingdom, dominated for part of that time by Aretas III of the Nabataeans.
		No NT writer could have known that the ‘other’ Damascus would be forgotten, remaining unknown until its rediscovery in 1896, but suppression of any mention of it, or of the ‘Nazoraioi’ themselves, suggests that it was desirable to lose the connection.
		Having relocated ‘Damascus’ at what is, chronologically, the earliest opportunity in the NT, further mentions - in whatever Christian writing - would require no further indicators for readers to know that this was the Syrian Damascus and not some place that may have been the cradle of Nazoreanism.
	www.christianorigins.com /damascus.html (6931 words)

	John and Enoch
		The "Epistle of 1 John" is likewise a jumbled and not wholly coherent document.
		According to Gabriele Boccaccini, EpEnoch is dependent on Jubilees and the Damascus Document in turn depends on it.
		Likewise the focus on works of God and evil is also found in the Damascus Document and other Qumran literature, but not in Enoch or Jubilees; and John 12:36's "sons of light" is mirrored in the Damascus Document (4Q266 fragment 1).
	pages.sbcglobal.net /zimriel/John/enoch.html (900 words)

	Chapter 2, Essenes
		Two manuscripts of the Damascus Document were found which were dated to the tenth and twelfth centuries.
		These documents will serve, with the classical writings, to help us understand the community of the Essenes and their relationship with the manuscripts found at Qumran.
		The Damascus Document exhibits the same concern for communal affection in that it commands the members of the community to "love each man his brother as himself.
	library.sebts.edu /smadden/Qumran/qumranlibrary006.htm (2173 words)

	On Paul's Use of Scripture
		For the Damascus Document, the citations are those noted by Wise, et al., within the text of their translation, with a few additional citations noted by Vermes in his translation.
		In both documents "It is written" is an appeal to recognized authority (this phrase appears to be a common way of refering to an authoritative document in Israel.
		This shared hermeneutical perspective of Paul and the writer of the Damascus Document is the source of a Pauline innovation, the subject of the next section.
	www3.sympatico.ca /glancy.nelson/nt-paul-and-scripture.htm (2700 words)

	H-Net Review: Hannah K. Harrington on The Laws of the Damascus Document: Sources, Traditions, ...
		According to Hempel, the Damascus Document represents a parent community to the Qumran sect, and in itself is not a sectarian document.
		However, the primary redactions are those of 1) D (Damascus), the redactor who added the Admonition to the Laws and created the shape of the document, and 2) S (Serekh), who tried to bring the Laws of D into line with the organization of the community represented in 1QS.
		She insists that 1QS is, by contrast, a sectarian document, and that the sect behind it was created because of a strong difference concerning the visibility of women in the community.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=7955939172517 (1295 words)

	Meridian Magazine : : The Dead Sea Scrolls--Sectarian Texts
		While Damascus could refer to the actual city in Syria, most scholars believe it is a code or symbolic name for a "city" in the wilderness, possibly Qumran.
		However, references in the document to "camps," "the assembly of the towns of Israel," and "the assembly of the camps" suggest that the rules contained therein are for regulating different segments of the movement, which was spread throughout the land.
		Also, the rules found in the Damascus Document do not seem to be as strict as those in the Community Rule, leading to the belief that the group at Qumran followed a stricter order of living within the group.
	www.meridianmagazine.com /farms/000804scrolls4.html (3108 words)

	The Damascus Document and the Community Rule
		Fragments of eight manuscripts of the Damascus Document were found in Qumran Cave 4 (4Q266-273), with scripts dated paleographically from the first century BCE to the first century CE.
		The Damascus Document is a constitution for a contemporary, larger group of followers with less rigorous requirements for membership: they married, had families, and conducted business with the outside world.
		Her approach is to read the Damascus Document and other Qumran texts as would a reader in various social and chronological contexts so as to uncover variant possible original meanings and later interpretations.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /academic/divinity/dd&cr.html (3834 words)

	Damascus Park Homeowners Association - Home
		These "legal documents" were filed with the State and local government prior to beginning development.
		The By Laws are an associated document that is largely administrative in nature and establishes criteria for meetings, elections, voting, etc..
		All homeowners were provided with these documents in a large disclosure package at the time that the contract of purchase was made.
	www.damascusparkhoa.org (460 words)

	Canonbury Masonic Research Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Damascus Document ('D') represents the community for which it speaks as "Israel," but specifically in the sense of the true remnant of Israel, an Israel historically speaking within an Israel.
		The Israel of the 'Damascus' Essenes is constituted by scrupulous obedience to the torah, the law of Moses, though of course, according to its own interpretation.
		Part of the Damascus Document consists of sets of laws of this kind, which show that the Damascus Essenes were among the first Jews to try and create a society based on the law of Moses.
	www.canonbury.ac.uk /?library/lectures/essenes (4378 words)

	The Dead Sea Scrolls--The Damascus Document
		Babylon was in the jurisdiction of Damascus at the time the document was written.
		This is the new covenant in the land of Damascus.
		Also the Damascus Document states that "the sealed book of the Law which was in the Ark was not opened in Israel from the death of Eleazar to Joshua.
	www.kw.igs.net /~dukerman/damascusdocument.htm (932 words)

	The Messiah and the Manuscripts: What Do Recently Discovered Documents Tell Us about Jesus? - FARMS Papers
		Included within the documents are references to an unidentified Teacher of Righteousness, to a special prophet, and to two messiahs (one of Aaron and one of Israel).
		From writings in the Manual of Discipline and the Damascus Document, it has been determined that he lived sometime during the period of 180–60 B.C. Therefore, he would have died more than 50 years before John the Baptist and Jesus were born.
		The Damascus Document is believed to have been composed between 63 B.C. and the birth of Jesus; so it was written after the Manual was written.
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=transcripts&id=96 (3903 words)

	Apostasy in the Dead Sea Scrolls
		The Rule of the Community is a composite document serving as something of a constitution for the Qumran community.
		The Damascus Document has obvious overlaps of content with the Rule of the Community.
		The Damascus Document consists of two major divisions: the exhortation (1-8; 19-20); a collection of laws (9-16).
	www.abu.nb.ca /courses/NewTestament/Hebrews/ApostasyDSS.htm (1765 words)

	DOCTRINES OF THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS
		The second part of the Damascus Document (the Statutes) consists of a collection of laws which reflect a sectarian reinterpretation of the biblical commandments relative to vows and oaths, tribunals, purification, the Sabbath and the distinction between ritual purity and impurity.
		The phrase “sons of dawn” is possibly attested in the Damascus Document XIII, 14.
		In the astrological terminology of the document, the second Column doubtless means the ‘second House’and a birthday ‘in the foot of the Bull’ should probably be interpreted as the presence of the sun in the lower part of the constellation Taurus.
	faculty.bbc.edu /ggromacki/DeadSeaScrolls/community3.htm (4811 words)

	rescorla@rtnmr.chem.yale.edu (Eric Rescorla) writes: >In article <1992May11.220305.1543@co
		The ``Damascus Document'' was found in a synagogue in Cairo and was dated to about the 9th century AD.
		Eisenman obtained a computer print-out of a list of scrolls held by the Ecole and found that ten fragments or copies of the Damascus Document have been recovered, and these are probably older and more complete than the one found in Cairo (The Qumran Damascus Documents haven't been released).
		But, if instead of `Damascus` we read `Qumran`, the whole thing makes a lot more sense, since Qumran is only 25 miles from Jerusalem and was known to have held a community of heretical Jews.
	www.skepticfiles.org /atheist/damascus.htm (1452 words)

	[No title]
		Damascus Document CD 1:1 So listen, all you who recognize righteousness, and consider the deeds of 2 God; for He has a suit against every mortal and He executes judgment upon all who despise him.
		They considered their iniquity and they knew that 9 they were guilty men, and had been like the blind and like those groping for the way 10 twenty years.
		The star is the interpreter of the Law 19 who comes to Damascus, as it is written, A star has left Jacob, a staff has risen 20 from Israel (Numbers 24:17).
	www.hmns.org /files/education/Schniedewind.doc (2284 words)

	CHAPTER ONE: The Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran scrolls . - King's Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Secondly, that ancient Israelite documents were copied with tremendous precision; and Thirdly, that the 'sect' apparently used the same artificial construct as found in the 'King's Calendar'.
		Whilst the Dead Sea Sect is acknowledged to have been the source of the Damascus Document (Wise et.al.1996 p49) it is suggested that this groups earliest origins and perceptions were different to those of its latter composition, and that there did develop subsequent to it's conception, a variety of heirs and offshoots.
		The Damascus Document also records that from the Teachers Death until the Coming of Judgment (presumably the Messiah), there will extend a period of Forty (40) years.
	www.kingscalendar.com /kc_free_files_no_frames/CHAPTER_01.html (4281 words)

	Damascus Document -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "Damascus Document" when you join.
		Though a precise date for the composition of the Damascus Document has not been determined, it must have been written...
		Damascus is said to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9028634 (825 words)

	Mohr Siebeck - Dead Sea Scrolls. Hebrew, Aramaic, and G... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Where a document is witnessed by more than one manuscript, each manuscript is presented separately, often with a critical apparatus.
		The documents are prepared by an international team of over forty scholars with the editor and his assistants providing consistency, especially with regard to the consistent translation of technical terms and use of signs and sigla.
		The Damascus Document Fragments and Some Works of the Torah are two of the most important texts for understanding the origins and early history of the Qumran Community.
	www.mohr.de /t/n3992_e.htm (510 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In addition, a "new covenant in the land of Damascus" is established by the survivors of the exile.
		Damascus is, of course, a symbolic name for the land of Babylon in Chaldea.
		That the Damascus Document was written by Jews living in the Babylonian exile and later carried with the Essences to Qumran after the liberation by King Cyrus is very reasonable to conclude.
	www.vermontel.net /~vtsophia/TOFR.htm (6115 words)

	The Dead Sea Scrolls and Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Intriguingly, the Damascus Document refers to many of the same characters described in the Habakkuk Commentary – The teacher of righteousness, the man of the lie, the preacher of the lie, etc. are all mentioned.
		The document also refers to “the decision of those who entered the new covenant in the land of Damascus”, which could possibly refer to the foundation of the sect.
		Damascus Document “And God observed their works, that they sought him with perfect heart; and he raised up for them a teacher of righteousness to lead them in the way of his heart.” (Burrows, p.
	www.sundayschoolcourses.com /deadsea/deadmain.htm (10717 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Damascus Document Translations (in process) SS = Schechter (1910) [base text] GM = Garcia Martinez (1994) GV = Geza Vermes WAC = ??
		the covenant and the pledge of faith which they have affirmed in the land of Damascus; and this is the New Covenant\23.
		And there shall not be unto them or unto their families a share in the house of the Law.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /gopher/other/courses/rels/225/Texts/CD (8360 words)

	The Dead Sea Scrolls--Community Rule
		The original must have been written sometime prior to about 170 BCE because in it there are references to the High Priest being a Son of Zadoc and Onias III was the last of that line.
		In the Damascus document there is a phrase "a star shall come forth out of Jacob" which was interpreted as "the Interpreter of the Law who came to Damascus".
		Sons of Zadoc--At the time the document was written this referred to the High Priest.
	www.kw.igs.net /~dukerman/communityrule.htm (1155 words)

	The Laws of the Damascus Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Damascus Document is one of the key texts to have been discovered in both spectacular Jewish manuscript discoveries of the 20 th century: the Cairo Genizah and the Dead Sea Scrolls.
		With the recent publication of eight manuscripts of the Damascus Document from cave 4, which provide a substantial amount of additional legal material, the legal part of this document is set to be the focus of research in coming years.
		This volume provides a detailed analysis of the Laws of the Damascus Document which fully incorporates the new cave 4 evidence.
	www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=1517 (241 words)

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