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Topic: Damping

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	live_audioStudyHall-Damping Factor
		The main effect of damping in a loudspeaker is to reduce the SPL produced by the loudspeaker's diaphragm moving because of its own inertia after the signal stops.
		Electrical damping is determined by the resistance load on the loudspeaker, which is the sum of the loudspeaker cable resistance, and the amplifier output impedance.
		Electrical damping or Damping Factor (DF) is calculated by dividing the loudspeaker's voice coil resistance by the sum of the loudspeaker cable resistance and amplifier output impedance.
	www.prosoundweb.com /studyhall/lastudyhall/df.html (607 words)

	Damping and Energy Dissipation
		Another form of damping, that is often used in the mathematical model for the simulation of the dynamic response of a structure, is proportional to the stiffness and mass of the structure.
		A very common type of damping used in the nonlinear incremental analysis of structures is to assume that the damping matrix is proportional to the mass and stiffness matrices.
		The use of stiffness proportional damping has the effect of increasing the damping in the higher modes of the structure for which there is no physical justification and can result in significant errors for impact type of problems.
	www.csiberkeley.com /Tech_Info/dampEnergyDiss.htm (2477 words)

	Mechanical Properties of Gray Iron - Damping Capacity
		The damping capacity of gray iron is considerably greater than that of steel or other kinds of iron.
		The relative damping capacity of several different metals is illustrated in Table 4.
		Damping capacity decreases with increasing strength since the larger amount of graphite present in the lower strength irons increases the energy absorbed.
	www.atlasfdry.com /grayiron-damping.htm (338 words)

	Sport Rider technicalities-high speed and low speed suspension damping
		Damping is sensitive to velocity, meaning the amount of damping force created is affected by how fast the fork or shock is compressing or extending.
		It would also make sense that there is a mid-speed damping and even a low-low-speed damping and high-mid-speed damping, etc. The point is, even though the terms high- and low-speed damping are not specific velocities, they do allow suspension tuners and designers to communicate with the rider when discussing sensations or symptoms.
		On the shock, the adjuster on the reservoir is for compression and the one on the shaft eyelet is rebound.
	www.sportrider.com /tech/146_9612_tech (1083 words)

	RFC 2439 (rfc2439) - BGP Route Flap Damping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The purpose of damping BGP route flap is to reduce the processor burden at the immediate router and the processor burden to downstream routers (BGP peer routers and peers of peers that will see the route announcements advertised by the immediate router).
		If damping parameters are applied consistently, this implementation constraint will result in a stable secondary path being preferred over an unstable primary path due to damping of the primary path near the source.
		Damping can be done near the source of the route flap and the damping parameters can be made consistent.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2439.html (10436 words)

	Legendary Audio Classics: Damping Factor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Damping Factor is a term audio enthusiasts (and their rabid cousins, the audiophiles) run into time and time again.
		When one amplifier's damping factor is higher than another's, that tells you that the amplifier with the higher damping factor can better control the speaker systems, and all other things being equal (frequency response, phase shift, distortion, etc.) that it is a better amplifier.
		Damping factors can be quite high; for instance, an amplifier with an output impedance of.01 ohms would result in a damping factor of 800 against an 8 ohm load impedance, a very large number as compared to what we usually see power amplifiers rated.
	www.classic-audio.com /marantz/mdampingfactor.html (2430 words)

	Milbert Amplifiers, Damping Factor
		This being the case, common sense leads us to believe what the proponents of high damping factors say in their sales literature, namely, that the damping factor is a numerical indication of coupling between amplifier and loudspeaker and the higher the figure, the better off we are.
		Table 1 shows the specified damping factor of an amplifier against the actual over-all damping factors for a wide range of generator impedance values when the amplifier is connected to an 8-ohm speaker.
		But trying to prove that a damping factor of 200 or even more is somehow better than one of 20 is pretty unconvincing because the effective difference in the practical case cited is only that between 1.25 and 1.32.
	www.milbert.com /articles/DampingFactor.bdc (1530 words)

	Effect on Loudspeakers of Amplifier Damping Factor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The damping factor of an audio amplifier is unrelated to the slew rate of the amplifier.
		An audio power amplifier's damping factor is defined as the ratio of the load impedance to the output impedance of the amplifier.
		Ultimately, the effect is a micro equalization of the frequency response as the voltage drive to the speaker becomes non-flat due to the frequency dependant impedance of the speaker.
	www.trueaudio.com /post_013.htm (838 words)

	Audioholics, Audio Product Reviews for the Masses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Many manufacturers trumpet their high damping factors (some claim figures in the hundreds or thousands) as a figure of some importance, hinting strongly that those amplifiers with lower damping factors are decidedly inferior as a result.
		The subject of damping factor and its effects on loudspeaker response is not some fl art or magic science, or even excessively complex as to prevent its grasp by anyone with a reasonable grasp of high-school level math.
		Secondly, the effects of this loss of damping on system frequency response is non-existent in most cases, and minimal in all but the worst case scenario.
	audioholics.com /techtips/audioprinciples/amplifiers/DampingFactor.html (1940 words)

	Understanding Damping
		Damping factor is a measure of damping performance, much like a batting average or a grade point average.
		Damping is vastly improved relative to the raw drywall.
		Extensional damping is not effective on stiff structures, and as a result is almost solely found in applications where thin sheet metal is to be damped.
	www.audioalloy.com /understandingDamping.php (641 words)

	Damping factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The damping factor is affected to a small extent by the resistance of the speaker cables.
		The difference in damping with a factor of 10 is the difference between 8 Ω and 8.8 Ω, which is unlikely to give more than a fraction of a dB difference in sound pressure level at the low frequency resonance of the speaker.
		Damping factor describes the ability of the amplifier to control undesirable movement of the speaker cone near the resonant frequency of the speaker system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Damping_factor (1100 words)

	PSN-L Message - Subject: Lehman damping
		However, the damping was not very predictable, and varied with the position of the copper bar in the gap of the large U channel magnet.
		Damping is generally expressed in relation to what is needed for "critical" damping, which means that after a step input, the output returns to a zero output voltage as rapidly as possible without overshooting.
		With this type of damping, the response should be flat to velocity from roughly the natural period to whatever low-pass filter you have in your amplifier.
	www.seismicnet.com /psnlist/991107_215743_1.html (890 words)

	Damping
		For a model with modal damping, the matrices in (6.6) are diagonal so that the contributions of the different normal modes are uncoupled and correspond exactly to the spectral decomposition of the model (see cpx for the definition of complex modes).
		Standard damped finite element models allow the incorporation of viscous and structural damping in the form of real C and complex K matrices respectively.
		The plot illustrates differences in responses obtained with true complex modes, viscous modal damping or hysteretic modal damping (case where one uses the pole of the true complex mode with a normal mode shape).
	www.sdtools.com /help/damp.html (1016 words)

	Taylor Devices, Inc.-- Fluid Viscous Damping as an Alternative to Base Isolation
		As the damping orifice is provided by the annular clearance between the piston head and the cylinder body, it is possible to provide inherent thermal compensation by making these two parts from different materials.
		Both fluid viscous damping and base isolation have the same objective of significantly decreasing the response of a structure to earthquake excitation.
		With both fluid viscous damping and base isolation it is possible to have a structure remain within the elastic region, so there is no permanent deformation from a seismic event.
	www.taylordevices.com /FluidViscousDamping.htm (3021 words)

	Wheelchair Caster Shimmy II: Damping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In this example, there are two damping coefficients; one is the frictional damping at the tire contact, and the second is the damping due to the hydraulic damper.
		It is now understood that the damping friction between the tire and floor is the main damping input, and it is relatively constant if the load on the caster is constant.
		Understanding the theory of damping for the caster is the major thrust of this paper.
	www.vard.org /jour/00/37/3/kauzl.htm (3530 words)

	Sport Rider Technicalities-Compression Damping
		If you recall the "Technicalities" on cartridge forks [August 1994], you'll remember that damping rods have what we call orifice-style damping, which is both too harsh and too mushy at the same time.
		To study the effect of altering the compression damping, let's look at damping as a whole; i.e., ignore the fact that the shape of the curve is important.
		Since damping is nonexistent when there is no suspension movement, the amount it ends up being compressed is totally determined by spring forces.
	www.sportrider.com /tech/146_9608_tech (1039 words)

	Beyond the Linear Damping Model for Mechanical Harmonic Oscillators
		It should be noted however, that the direction of the damping force can be the same as the velocity (negative damping) for oscillators, that have been put in a far-from-equilibrium state, such as the laser driven pendulum of ref. [8].
		Subtle evidence for nonlinear damping is uncovered when one does a careful comparison of the difference (residuals) between an actual free decay and a waveform generated from Eq.(1).
		Experimental evidence for nonlinear damping in the response of the folded pendulum to a 1/3 sub-resonance drive at steady state.
	physics.mercer.edu /petepag/debunk.html (3062 words)

	[No title]
		Damping Technologies, Inc. was founded in 1989 in response to a need for unique vibration damping products which could efficiently deliver significant levels of damping to structures for control of high cycle fatigue and noise issues related to resonance response of aerospace structures.
		Damping Technologies can select from a large menu of viscoelastic damping materials including, but not limited to, those that meet stringent out-gassing, thermal exposure, aging, and solvent exposure requirements.
		To summarize, what is required for solution and optimization of damping solutions for challenging noise/vibration control applications is a solid blend of hands-on structural dynamics engineering experience, manufacturing experience, as well as innovation derived from years of working with viscoelastic materials and application-specific damping systems.
	members.nuvox.net /~on.tomlewis (688 words)

	Nonlinear Damping of the Linear Pendulum
		The damping term is linear, being proportional to the angular velocity.
		Amplitude-dependent damping is contained in the constant a, and hysteretic and/or viscous (linear) damping are contained in b.
		Although many cases of damping can be adequately described by a coefficient multiplying the velocity, it is not permissible to treat this coefficient as being independent of either (i) the frequency, or (ii) the density of the fluid in which the oscillation occurs.
	physics.mercer.edu /hpage/nonlin-damp.htm (7173 words)

	Vibration Damping
		Damping is at the core of CSA Engineering's vibration suppression capabilities.
		All physical systems have some inherent damping, but the level of damping can be augmented to increase energy dissipation in particular vibration modes.
		Active damping is sometimes necessary to achieve greater performance, or to produce system properties that are controllable electronically.
	www.csaengineering.com /vibdamp/vibdamp.shtml (314 words)

	Suspension Setup 101: Part II All About Damping - c
		The downside is that the myriad spring and damping adjustments can be confusing, and trying to figure out which adjuster affects what can make you feel like you need a Ph.D from Caltech.
		As the wheel is forced upward by a bump, the compression circuit controls the speed at which the suspension compresses; it helps the spring keep the suspension from using an excessive amount of travel and/or bottoming out.
		This is why a careful balance must exist between compression damping and spring rate to provide good control and resist bottoming while still allowing enough compliance for smaller bumps.
	motorcyclistonline.com /howto/122_0509_motorcycle_suspension_damping (1283 words)

	Cyberphysics - SHM damping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Damping is the term used to describe a means by which energy drain from the oscillating system can be occomplished.
		Remember 'damping' is just a euphemism for frictional forces like air-resistance.
		Critical damping causes a system's amplitude to reach zero (and stay there) in the shortest time possible.
	www.cyberphysics.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /topics/physics/shm/damping.htm (303 words)

	damping sheet and vibration damping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Vibration damping sound insulation is used to reduce noise levels produced by resonant vibrations of structures which are caused by either continuous or impulsive excitation.
		Damping materials are particularly useful in the case of structures containing light gauge metal or panels.
		Vibration damping sheet is a unique material whose efficiency is derived from the use of carefully formulated polymer together with mineral loaded additives.
	www.soundservice.co.uk /vibration%20damping%20material.htm (901 words)

	Damping
		For most structures, damping is good, vibration is bad.
		Viscous Damping - Damping that is proportional to velocity.
		Viscoelastic Passive Damping - The conversion of vibrational energy (motion) into heat by properly embedding a viscoelastic (polymeric) material into a structure.
	www.damping.org (491 words)

	Damping of Ion Acoustic Waves
		The damping manifests itself by the decay of the wave envelope with distance x.
		Landau damping is strong when the electron temperature is close to the ion temperature.
		Even at high electron temperatures, ion Landau damping is strong near the ion plasma frequency where the phase velocity decreases to the ion thermal velocity.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /plasma-exp/180E-W97/Damping.html (432 words)

	Vibration Damping of CMC Turbine Blades for RLV's
		Baseline C/SiC damping appears to decrease as a function of frequency and is too small, less than 0.2 percent for the turbine applications.
		Previous research indicates that incorporating highly damped materials in the form of particulate fillers and coatings increases damping substantially.
		Damping materials will be incorporated into the material in the form of coatings and particulates, and the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis manufacturing will be modified to optimize mechanical behavior.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1999/5000/5930min.html (659 words)

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