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Topic: Daniel Kirkwood

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Daniel Kirkwood
		The most significant contribution of Daniel Kirkwood was his study in the orbits of the asteroids.
		Kirkwood also identified a pattern relating the distances of the planets to their rotation periods, which was called Kirkwood's Law.
		Kirkwood was probably a cousin of Iowa politician Samuel Jordan Kirkwood who became United States Secretary of the Interior under President James Garfield and President Chester A. Arthur.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Daniel_Kirkwood (432 words)

	Daniel Kirkwood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most significant contribution of Daniel Kirkwood was his study in the orbits of the asteroids.
		Kirkwood also identified a pattern relating the distances of the planets to their rotation periods, which was called Kirkwood's Law.
		Kirkwood was probably a cousin of Iowa politician Samuel Jordan Kirkwood who became United States Secretary of the Interior under President James Garfield and President Chester A. Arthur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Daniel_Kirkwood (395 words)

	Daniel Kirkwood -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Daniel Kirkwood (September 27, 1814 - June 11, 1895) was an (A native or inhabitant of the United States) American (A physicist who studies astronomy) astronomer.
		The most significant contribution of Daniel Kirkwood was his study in the orbits of the (Any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)) asteroids.
		He also was the first to suggest that (A transient shower of meteors when a meteor swarm enters the earth's atmosphere) meteor showers are debris from ((astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit) comets.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/da/daniel_kirkwood.htm (374 words)

	Samuel J. Kirkwood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kirkwood first held statewide office as Governor of Iowa from 1860 to 1864.
		Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is named for the former Iowa Governor and Senator.
		Kirkwood is buried in Oakland Cemetery in Iowa City.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Samuel_J._Kirkwood (177 words)

	Guide to the Daniel Kirkwood Papers, 1864-1895
		Daniel Kirkwood was an astronomer and professor of mathematics at Indiana University almost continuously from 1856 until 1886.
		In Bloomington, Kirkwood's memory is honored by Kirkwood Avenue (1885), Kirkwood Hall (1895), and Kirkwood Observatory (1900).
		All the correspondence to Kirkwood is related to the meteor of 1876.
	www.letrs.indiana.edu /cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?type=simple;view=text;subview=fulltext;c=fa-archives;id=InU-Ar-c52pers (779 words)

	Frank H
		The name Kirkwood is Scotch and signifies a "church in the woods," or a "wooden church." The late Samuel J. Kirkwood, who was Governor of Iowa during the Civil War, and later Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Garfield, once wrote in reply to some inquiries from Mr.
		Kirkwood was born in Mills Township, where she was reared and educated.
		Kirkwood are members of the Untied Brethren Church of Fowlerton, and in politics he is a Democrat.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/in/county/grant/Biographies/kirkwood_frank_h.htm (1811 words)

	Kirkwood, Daniel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kirkwood was born in Hartford County, Maryland, and became a teacher.
		In 1857 Kirkwood first noticed that three regions of the minor planet zone, sited at 2.5, 2.95, and 3.3 astronomical units from the Sun, lacked asteroids completely.
		Kirkwood also carried out research into comets and meteors, made a fundamental critique of French astronomer Pierre Laplace's work on the evolution of the Solar System, and carried out preliminary studies on families of asteroids.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/k/Kirkwood/1.html (188 words)

	IDS: Bloomington's Eclectic avenue (Weekend, 02/10/2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Daniel Kirkwood, whose achievements include discovering spatial gaps that affect the orbit of asteroids, chaired the IU mathematics department for nearly 30 years in the mid-to-late 1800s.
		Kirkwood was also home to a number of IU fraternities in the early parts of the 1900s.
		Kirkwood was in the middle of parts of the counterculture moments of the 1960s.
	www.idsnews.com /story1_modify.php?id=27634 (2102 words)

	Kirkwood Avenue - Bloomingpedia
		Kirkwood Avenue is the name for 5th Street between the Indiana University Sample Gates and Rose Hill Cemetery.
		Kirkwood initially ran through the Indiana University campus until 1987 when the Sample Gates were constructed.
		Although the street is official named Kirkwood along all of 5th Street, many people consider "Kirkwood" to only be the part between The Square and the IU campus.
	www.bloomingpedia.org /wiki/Kirkwood_Avenue (291 words)

	Kirkwood Observatory re-opens to the public
		Indiana University's Kirkwood Observatory will be open to the public for free viewing of Saturn and other delights of the night sky beginning on Wednesday (March 22), 8-10:30 p.m.
		Kirkwood Observatory was constructed in 1900 and dedicated on May 15, 1901.
		Kirkwood's research on comets, meteors and asteroids established a tradition of astronomical research at Indiana University.
	newsinfo.iu.edu /news/page/normal/3093.html (311 words)

	Daniel Kirkwood - Bloomingpedia
		Daniel Kirkwood (September 27, 1814 - June 11, 1895) was an American astronomer and was a professor of Mathematics at Indiana University from 1856 until his retirement in 1886.
		Kirkwood Avenue, Kirkwood Hall, and the Kirkwood Observatory are named after him.
		Daniel is buried in Bloomington at the Rose Hill Cemetery.
	www.bloomingpedia.org /wiki/Daniel_Kirkwood (91 words)

	Kirkwood, Daniel
		Kirkwood was born in Hartford County, Maryland, and became a teacher.
		In 1857 Kirkwood first noticed that three regions of the minor planet zone, sited at 2.5, 2.95, and 3.3 astronomical units from the Sun, lacked asteroids completely.
		Kirkwood also carried out research into comets and meteors, made a fundamental critique of French astronomer Pierre Laplace's work on the evolution of the Solar System, and carried out preliminary studies on families of asteroids.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/k/Kirkwood/1.html (188 words)

	Kirkwood Observatory
		The Kirkwood Observatory solar telescope is an instructional instrument consisting of a rooftop mounted heliostat that directs a beam of sunlight into a dedicated room.
		Kirkwood's research on comets, meteors, and asteroids established a tradition of astronomical research at Indiana University.
		Cogshall was appointed Director of the Kirkwood Observatory in 1907 and served in that capacity until he retired in 1944.
	www.astro.indiana.edu /kirkwood.shtml (828 words)

	The Daniel Kirkwood Biography in plain English!
		Daniel Kirkwood was the son of John Kirkwood and Agnes Hope.
		Daniel Kirkwood biography states he was also the first to suggest that meteor showers were actually debris from comets.
		Daniel Kirkwood remained active his entire life and at the age of 77 became a lecturer in astronomy at Stanford University.
	www.astronomy-for-kids-online.com /daniel-kirkwood-biography.html (389 words)

	In Memoriam--Daniel Kirkwood--1814-1895 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Daniel Kirkwood was Professor of Mathematics at Indiana University from 1856 to 1886.
		His name is still known at the end of the 20th century for his discovery in 1866 of the "Kirkwood gaps" in the orbits of the minor planets between Mars and Jupiter.
		This 25 minute videotape was orginally planned to celebrate the centennial of the Dedication of Kirkwood Hall on January 25, 1895, four and a half months before Kirkwood's death on June 11.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v27n4/aas187/S035003.html (197 words)

	Daniel Kirkwood (1814 - 1895) - Find A Grave Memorial
		Kirkwood was born on a farm and became a teacher.
		In 1849, while he was a high school principal in Pennsylvania, Kirkwood gained fame as "the American Kepler," for his formulation of a law of planetary rotation analogous to Johannes Kepler's law of planetary revolutions.
		Kirkwood's "law" proved to be wrong, but that did not discourage him from further research.
	www.findagrave.com /cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9763389&pt= (348 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: K
		The Kirkwood gaps are radial gaps in the asteroid belt.
		There is a gaps at 3.28 AU (which corresponds to 1/2 of Jupiter's period), another at 2.50 AU (which corresponds to 1/3 of Jupiter's period), etc. The Kirkwood gaps are named for Daniel Kirkwood who discovered them in 1866.
		Daniel Kirkwood (1814-1895) was an American astronomer who discovered the radial gaps in the asteroid belt in 1866 (now known as the Kirkwood gaps).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexk.shtml (1112 words)

	American Scientist Online - The American Kepler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One of his students wished to study algebra, and since Kirkwood knew none, he and the student sat down and worked through an elementary textbook on the subject together—a rather unlikely beginning for one who later held the chair of mathematics at a major university.
		During these years of development and reading, Kirkwood had slowly become intrigued by the fact that, although there is a law governing the revolution of planets (Kepler's third law), no law had as yet been discovered governing their rotations.
		Kirkwood spent some 10 years off and on mulling over what might be a corresponding law governing planetary rotations, but with no success.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/26603 (905 words)

	God's Word Equips Us: The Example of Daniel
		In the first invasion, Daniel was taken captive with forty to fifty other teens from the royal line.
		The Jewish custom was to carefully instruct the boys about God and the wonders that He had performed on their behalf in Egypt, and to teach them from the books of the Bible available to them at that time.
		Because Daniel had purposed, at an early age, to believe and trust in God, and had given first priority to the study of God's Word, he was ready for the problems that he encountered.
	www.gracebeliever.com /articles/woman/wordequips.htm (653 words)

	Kirkwood gap information - Search.com
		Kirkwood gaps are gaps or dips in the distribution of main belt asteroids with semi-major axis (or equivalently their orbital period), as seen in the histogram below.
		The weaker resonances lead only to a depletion of asteroids, while spikes in the histogram are often due to the presence of a prominent asteroid family.
		The gaps were first noticed in 1857 by Daniel Kirkwood, who also correctly explained their origin in the orbital resonances with Jupiter.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Kirkwood_gap (297 words)

	Blackford County Biography Ref. Page
		The further relationship of the Kirkwoods and the McCormicks took place June 24, 1825, when James Stewart Kirkwood, a brother to Thomas, was united in marriage with Catherine McCormick, a sister to Jane.
		Kirkwood wrote in September, 1909: Mary Jane, wife of Lexemuel Beeson, June 8, 1853; Almira Frances Helen Kirkwood, August 26, 1860; James Reed Kirkwood, November 16, 1903; and John Drennan Kirkwood, May 6, 1905.
		Kirkwood are members of the United Brethren church of Fowlerton, and in politics he is a Democrat.
	members.tripod.com /~debmurray/blackford/blabioref-29.htm (3754 words)

	Kirkwood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One of the most striking features of this plot is the gaps, called Kirkwood gaps after Daniel Kirkwood (1814-1895).
		The scale of the plot highlights the fact that simple fractions of Jupiter's period (with the notable exceptions of 2/3 and 2/7) tend not to be the orbital periods of asteroids.
		Kirkwood hypothesized that resonances, with the asteroid repeatedly being in the same place, both in its orbit and relative to Jupiter, would destabilize the orbit.
	nchalada.org /asteroids/kirkwood.html (246 words)

	Kirkwood gaps
		Regions in the main asteroid belt that have been cleared of asteroids by the perturbing effects of Jupiter, named for Daniel Kirkwood who discovered them.
		The Kirkwood gaps are due to resonances with Jupiter's orbital period.
		For example, an asteroid with a semimajor axis of 3.3 AU makes two circuits around the Sun in the time it takes Jupiter to make one and is thus said to be in a 2:1 resonance orbit with Jupiter.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/Kirkwood_gaps.html (262 words)

	Mercury: Daniel Kirkwood--"Dean of American Astronomers".@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mercury; 5/1/2000; Edmondson, Frank K. Daniel Kirkwood as a young man turned his attention to mathematics and the study of minor planets.
		On the 27th of September in the year 1814, Daniel Kirkwood was born.
		Kirkwood died in Riverside, California, on 11 June 1895, and was buried beside his wife and daughter, both of whom predeceased him, in Rose Hill Cemetery,...
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:62195348&... (184 words)

	Henry Draper, Daniel Kirkwood: famous astronomers quizzes
		Daniel Kirkwood discovered a gap in the asteroid belt.
		Daniel Kirkwood discovered a gap in Saturn's rings.
		Daniel Kirkwood discovered a gap in the ozone.
	www.galileo-galilei.org /astronomers/henry-draper.html (153 words)

	Kirkwood gaps - Encyclopedia.com
		The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs.
		Time for education; Anyone expecting a clear direction in the annuities market as a result of the recent Government consultation paper is going to be disappointed.
		Angie Kirkwood, marketing manager, retirement income, at Scottish Widows, argues that we are now entering a dec.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Kirkwd-g.html (404 words)

	Kirkwood gaps -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interruptions in the distribution of asteroids in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter that appear where any of these small bodies' orbital periods would be a simple fraction of Jupiter's.
		Several zones of low density in the asteroid belt were noticed about 1860 by Daniel Kirkwood (1814–95), who explained the gaps as resulting from perturbations by Jupiter.
		Several zones of low density in the minor-planet population were noticed about 1860 by Daniel Kirkwood, an American mathematician and astronomer, who explained the gaps as resulting from perturbations by Jupiter.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9369248?tocId=9369248 (887 words)

	Kstp.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The court overturned a Warren County family court ruling granting the state authority to terminate life support for Daniel Kirkwood, who has been hospitalized since Feb. 12.
		Daniel’s mother, Dreva Kirkwood, has been charged with second-degree criminal abuse, and her live-in boyfriend, Leroy Sturdivant, 24, is charged with first-degree assault.
		The state assumed custody of the child when the charges were filed, but Kirkwood, 21, of Bowling Green, argued in her appeal that the state has no right to usurp her parental right to decide the appropriate medical treatment.
	www.kstp.com /article/stories/S42109.shtml?cat=162 (279 words)

	Problems
		These features were discovered by the American astronomer Daniel Kirkwood (1814-1895) in the Nineteenth Century and are now known as Kirkwood gaps.
		These orbits are empty because they share a simple harmonic relationship with the orbit of jupiter; that is, the ratio of the period of an unoccupied or under-occupied orbit in a Kirkwood gap forms a simple whole number ratio with the period of an orbit of jupiter (something like 2:1 or 3:2 or 5:3).
		Because of this synchrony the point of closest approach between the two bodies -- the moment when their mutual gravitational attraction is the greatest -- will always take place at the same phase in the asteroid's orbit.
	hypertextbook.com /physics/mechanics/heliocentrism/problems.shtml (693 words)

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