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Topic: Danish East India Company

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	East India Company - MSN Encarta
		East India Company, any of a number of commercial enterprises formed in western Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries to further trade with the East Indies.
		The most important of the companies were given charters by their respective governments, authorizing them to acquire territory wherever they could and to exercise in the acquired territory various functions of government, including legislation, the issuance of currency, the negotiation of treaties, the waging of war, and the administration of justice.
		The East India Company, however, bought control of this new company, and in 1702 an act of Parliament amalgamated the two as “The United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies.” The charter was renewed several times in the 18th century, each time with financial concessions to the Crown.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571539/East_India_Company.html (1132 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Danish East India Company
		During its heyday, the Danish and Swedish East India Company imported more tea than the British East India Company - and smuggled 90% of it into Britain, where it could be sold at a huge profit.
		The Swedish East India Company, or Svenska Ostindiska Companiet (SOIC) was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1731 for the purpose of conducting trade with the far east.
		The English East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company of investors, which was granted a Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Danish-East-India-Company (710 words)

	British East India Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Company was founded as The Governor and Company of Merchants of Trading into the East Indies by a coterie of enterprising and businessmen who obtained the Crown 's charter for exclusive permission to trade the East Indies for a period of fifteen years.
		The company under such obvious patronage soon to eclipse the Portuguese who had established their bases in Goa and Bombay (which was later ceded to the as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza).
		Coercive action threats and aided the Company in preventing the local from putting up a united struggle against The hundred years from the Battle of in 1757 to the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 were a period of consolidation for Company which began to function more as nation and less as a trading concern.
	www.freeglossary.com /British_East_India_Company (2871 words)

	Danish East India Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Danish East India Company (Danish, Dansk Ostindisk Kompagni) was a Danish chartered company.
		It was focused on trade with India and had its base in Trankebar, in the fort Dansborg, the seat of its governor (see indirect rule) of Danish India, who was styled Opperhoved.
		In 1732, it was refounded as Asiatische Compagnie ("Asiatic Company"), yet in 1772 it lost its monopoly, and in 1779 Danish India became a crown colony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Danish_East_India_Company (293 words)

	Tranquebar : The Danish East India Company 1616 - 1669
		Apparently, the original intention of the expedition planners had been that the destination of the first venture would be the Coromandel coast of India, a region suggested by one of the company's advisors, Roelant Crappé [4], a Dutchman formerly in the service of the VOC in Asia.
		Consequent to the Danish privateering, the other European companies experienced certain diplomatic difficulties with the Mogul empire, inasmuch as the latter decided to lump all "Christians" together and made the Dutch and British responsible for the Danish attacks [21].
		The Danish expedition on the Færø had also carried an emissary to the nayak of Tanjore, and the peace that Kongsbakke had agreed upon was ratified in the form of a new decree, expanding the Danish colony with three more villages in the environs of Trankebar.
	www.scholiast.org /history/tra-narr.html (4397 words)

	Danish Ancestors in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Danish East India Company was established in 1616 and a Danish settlement was established at Tranquebar in 1620.
		In June, 1801 the Danish were defeated at Tranquebar by the Scots Brigade and in 1845 the whole Danish colony was sold to England.
		Peter Rasmussen of the Univeristy of Copenhagen wrote a term paper in 1996 entitled A history of the Danish East India Company 1616-1669.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~clday/danish.htm (688 words)

	DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPA... - Online Information article about DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPA... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Companies described as "Van Ferne "—that is, of the distant seas—were formed, and by 1602 from sixty to seventy Dutch vessels had sailed to Hindustan and the Indian Archipelago.
		The pursuit of this policy led the company into violent hostility with the English, who were also opening a trade with the East.
		The company was subject to increasing demands and ever more severe regulation on the successive renewals of its charters at intervals of twenty-one years.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DRO_ECG/DUTCH_EAST_INDIA_COMPANY_THE_Oo.html (1911 words)

	Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The second Danish East India Company fared slightly better than the first, even though they, along with the English, were forced out of the East Indies by the exclusion policy of the Dutch.
		In 1751, both the company and the Danish government embarked on a programme of expansion, of which the occupation of the Nicobar Islands was to form a part (Furber 1976:214).
		Finally, the wars in south India between the English and the Marathas in the 1780s created an extremely uncongenial environment for Danish trade.It took another ten years for the company directors in Copenhagen to draw appropriate conclusions from the trade situation and close their centre at Tranquebar in 1796 (Feldbraek 1991:13).
	www.andaman.org /NICOBAR/book/history/Denmark/Hist-Denmark.htm (16045 words)

	Facts You Never Knew about India
		Below I describe some of the ways in which various groups interacted with India, and in particular, the state of Kerala on the southwestern coast of India.
		The Phoenicians are said to have traded with Kerala as early as 3000 BC for ivory, sandalwood, and spices.
		The Danish East India Company also had some settlements in India, primarily on the eastern coast.
	www.stanford.edu /~ctj/keralfor.html (2820 words)

	Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia
		Company servants at Bantam and Hirado had become familiar with the universal habit of tea-drinking among east Asian society of all classes, even if the esoterics of the Japanese tea ceremony had eluded them.
		In 1713 the Company imported 97,070 kgs; in 1813 the total was almost 14,515,200 kgs, and customs duty on tea was providing 10 percent of the British government's annual revenues.
		As developments in India changed the whole nature of the English East India Company's position there, it was the China trade that provided both its continuing commercial justification and the revenues that bolstered its continuing existence.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701760/session4.html (2185 words)

	Nordic Culture > Tranquebar, the Danish East Indies - Scandinavica.com
		Tranquebar [Danish: Trankebar] is a small coastal town in the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu, some 270 km south of the city of Madras.
		The Danish East India Company was refounded and new reinforcements were sent to Tranquebar.
		Dansborg was the administrative and military centre of the Danish East Indies.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/world/tranquebar.htm (1193 words)

	Trade to Colonization - Historic Dynamics, East India Companies - History, British Colonization, India, African Slave ...
		Besides, the East India Company was willing to persevere; fighting and cajoling for concessions, it built trading bases wherever it could along either side of the lengthy Indian coastline.
		In essence, the race for the colonization of India had been won by the British, and what Abbe de Pradt was saying was that it was in French interest to enjoy the "general" benefits of this victory and not bemoan the loss of "specific" benefits from the British victory.
		The conquest of India continued with conclusive defeats of the Marathas in 1818, the Sikhs in 1848 and the annexation of Awadh in 1856.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/eastindia.html (2559 words)

	[No title]
		The Danish East India Trading Company acquired coastal territory spread over 45 sq km in Thanjavur district - Tranquebar - from the ruler of Thanjavur, Raghunatha Nayakar, in the 17th century for an annual rent of Rs.3,111.
		The territory was later ceded to the Danish Crown.
		According to Malten, the introduction of Tamil Studies followed the recognition of the fact that Tamil is the only classical literary language of India besides Sanskrit, and that Tamil language and literature have developed tremendously in many branches, particularly during the last 100 to 150 years.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1509/15090820.htm (1528 words)

	WHKMLA : Narrative : History of the East India Company
		However, in the 17th century, the E.I.C. was outshadowed by her Dutch rival, the V.O.C. In 1639 the E.I.C. obtained a trading concession at Madras, in 1668 it acquired Bombay (Portuguese until 1661), her first footholds in India.
		Her activities were not limited to the Indian subcontinent; in 1711 a trading post in Canton (China) was established.
		In the early 18th century, the E.I.C., as well as the French East India Company gained in importance at the expense of the Dutch V.O.C. Joseph François Dupleix took Madras from the E.I.C. in 1746; it was returned by the Treaty of Aachen in 1748.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/narreic.html (700 words)

	East Meets West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		1699: The Danish East India Company establishes the settlement of Fredericknagore.
		The Danish flag that was the ensign of the colony of Serampore and the guardian of wisdom until it was replaced by the Union Jack.
		The Danish East India Company established a colony called Fredericknagore, in honor of King Frederick the Fifth near Serampore in 1699.
	members.tripod.com /~AChatterji/Newpage/East_Meets_West.htm (1669 words)

	Permanent Exhibitions
		This ship was part of the Danish fleet that in 1645 was about to attack the Swedish West Coast squadron, but STORA SOPHIA was shipwrecked and sank outside Göteborg.
		In 1731 Colin Campbell, Heinrich König and a Göteborg businessman Niclas Sahlgren saw their plans for a Swedish East India company come to fruition, thus facilitating trade with China and other parts of the East Indies.
		The Swedish East India Company made a total of 132 voyages with 37 different ships, before the Company was dissolved in 1813.
	www5.goteborg.se /prod/kultur/sjofartsmuseet/dalis2.nsf/vyPublicerade/51845EB5353DE317C1256E58004ABCF6?OpenDocument (1149 words)

	Calcutta / print-version
		The Danish East India Company established a colony at Serampur in 1699 that was finally ceded to Britain in 1845.
		It was the capital of British India from 1833 to 1912, when the capital was officially transferred to Delhi.
		Calcutta currently is the capital of the West Bengal province of India, and is the biggest city of eastern India.
	www.i3pep.org /print-version/77 (1122 words)

	Memory of the World
		The archives up to 1990 are registrated in "Rigsarkivet og hjælpemidler til dets benyttelse" (The Danish national Archives and supplementary Aid to Use) (9 volumes, Copenhagen 1983-1992), to which is connected a long series of special registrations for the 18th century till now.
		Archives concerning trade companies (Iceland-1788, the Finmark-1788, Greenland-1908/1986 and the Faeroe Islands-1856, Asia 1670-1838, Africa and the West Indies 1671-1816.
		This fonds includes first and foremost the Danish East India Company 1670-1730, the Danish Asiatic Company 1730-1827, archives of the Danish West India and Guinea Company 1671-1755, the Danish Guinea Company 1765-1778, and the Danish West India Trading Company 1778-1816.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/nominations/en/nomination/denmarkt.htm (636 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Danish India, ToC
		The Danish East India Company 1616-1669, by Peter Ravn Rasmussen
		Danish Troops in East India 1784, from Dansk Militaerhistorie
		Asiatisk Kompani 1730-1776, from RA Copenhagen, in Danish (survey of archived documents)
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/xdanindia.html (91 words)

	HISTORY: The East India Trade
		Mapping an Empire : The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843 by Matthew H. Edney and Andrew T. Edney
		The East India Company : Trade and Conquest from 1600 by Antony Wild
		My own essay on the subject Tranquebar 1616-1669 - the period of the first Danish East India Company.
	www.scholiast.org /history/hi-eitr.html (215 words)

	Dutch coinage in India (and Ceylon)
		The Portuguese were the only Europeans in India until 1610 when the Dutch established their first trading post in Pulicat, North of Madras, on the Coromandel coast.
		Between 1638 and 1658, they expelled the Portuguese from South India and from the coast of Ceylon but lost this island to the British in 1796.
		Flag of the V.O.C. N.B.: The VOC monogram appeared also once, slightly modified, on a coin struck in Tranquebar in the 17th century by the Dansk Ostindisk Compagni, the Danish East India Company.
	www.geocities.com /jmd_brussels/EURNLE.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		The aims of the Society are to promote the systematic study of the coins, medals and currency, both ancient and modern, of India, the Far East, the Islamic countries and their non-Western predecessors.
		India has an extensive sea-board, being bounced on three sides of her borders by the sea.
		Many of the archaeological discoveries in India and abroad--all go to prove that long before the birth of Christ the Hindus had acquired a fair knowledge of the art of navigation and that they plied their boats not only on the inland rivers but also on the high seas.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/link.html (818 words)

	Tranquebar
		On March 1616, King Christian IV, monarch of the dual kingdom of Denmark - Norway, allowed his subjects to establish an East India Company, giving it a twelve year monopoly on trade between Denmark and Asia.
		It was copied from that of the succesful Dutch East India Company.
		On 19th November 1620 a treaty had been concluded, in the Maratha Durbar Hall in Tanjore, between the nayak and the king of Denmark, by which the Danes were given permission to erect a fortress at the small fishing and trading post of Tarangambadi at the delta of the Kaveri river.
	home3.inet.tele.dk /ujensen/tranqueb.htm (208 words)

	Ships (East India Company Ships)
		From its first charter in 1600, the English East India Company (EIC) operated one of the most extensive shipping operations in support of its trading enterprises during the colonial period.
		This database at present consists only of EIC mercantile marine vessels, that is, the vessels which were in the East India Company's merchant service, which operated from 1600 to 1834.
		Note also that the term 'East Indiaman' was used fairly loosely and could refer not only to ships of the English East India Company (EIC) but also to the trading companies of other nations, such as the Dutch, Danish or French companies, and also, more generally to any ship trading to the east.
	www.eicships.info /ships/index.html (197 words)

	The Hindu : Madras miscellany
		It is the story of Peter Anker, the 27th Governor (1786-1807) of the Danish East India Company settlements in India.
		Which was how Tranquebar, a Danish settlement on the Coromandel from 1620, came to have Norwegian governor generals from time to time, Peter Anker shortly to become the best known of them.
		Moving from IT to BT is the name of the game in India's technology-oriented South, and Madras, having developed an Information Technology Park during the tenure of one Government, looks to raise a Biotechnology Park during the present Government's tenure.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2001/09/10/stories/13101285.htm (1323 words)

	Background Information on British and European presence in colonial India
		This page is part of the Family History in India website, which is designed to help people trace their British and European ancestry in colonial India.
		This is a series of short webpages devoted to certain aspects of British history in India, such as The Black Hole of Calcutta, Warren Hastings and Robert Clive.
		This is a transcript of Macauley's piece on education in 19th century India.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~clday/background.htm (841 words)

	H-Net Review: Roger Beck on The First Protestant Missionary in India: Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He and Heinrich Pluetshau were the first Protestant missionaries to India, establishing themselves at Tranquebar, a Danish colony under the control of the Danish East India Company on India's southeast coast.
		Harper even takes on the entire "university-media complex" when she argues that "[s]ince Azariah was neither a defender of the old nor an apostle of the new political order, his extraordinarily consistent leadership of locally based religious transformations is simply off the radar screen of the modern university-media complex.
		This reflected both the growing nationalist sentiment in India and the stated objective of European missionaries to establish self-governing, self-propagating churches in foreign lands.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=448988988849 (2350 words)

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