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Topic: Danish phonology

	Danish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Danish also holds official status and is a mandatory subject in school in the former Danish colonies of Greenland and the Faroe Islands, that now enjoy limited autonomy.
		In Danish the so-called grave accent or accent 2 is pronounced as a temporary lowering of the intensity and frequency of the vocal cords called stød, which to non-natives may remind of a sort of hiccup.
		Danish is the official language of Denmark, one of two official languages of Greenland (the other is Greenlandic), and one of two official languages of the Faeroes (the other is Faeroese).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Danish_language (1880 words)

	Danish language - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Danish is one of the Scandinavian languages, a sub-group of the Germanic group of the Indo-European language family.
		A common Danish phrase told to foreigners is rødgrød med fløde ("red berry pudding with cream"), a Danish speciality and a line very difficult for foreigners to say due to the three ø sounds (with two different pronunciations), the initial throaty r, the rough gr sound and the soft d sounds.
		Danish is written using the Roman alphabet, with three additional letters: Æ / æ, Ø / ø, and Å / å, which come at the end of the Danish alphabet, in that order.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Danish_language (1572 words)

	PHONE-SOFT INTERNET DIRECTORY INTERNATIONAL:DANISH LINKS
		Danish language - The history of Dansk, from 800 A.D. to the present.
		Danish Language Database - Collection of the transcriptions of speech of 60 native speakers of Danish.
		The Danish Language Council - Settles questions of Danish language usage, produces the official orthographical dictionary of Danish, and charts the development of Danish.
	www.phone-soft.org /layout-3/cyber-world/o8282i.htm (151 words)

	fonet98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Danish dialect geography supports this observation and further indicates that tonal accent is older and that stød has emerged later (Kroman, 1947; Ringgaard, 1983; Fischer-Jørgensen, 1989).
		Danish stød can be realized on a secondary stress; indeed, two instances of stød can occur in a single word.
		In the discussion of the transition from a tone accent system of the Swedish type to stød of the Danish type, it is important to distinguish between, on the one hand, the phonetic development and related changes in phonological representation, and on the other hand, the transition from distinctive accent to allophonic variation.
	www.nordiska.su.se /personal/riad-t/fonet98.htm (1607 words)

	goblirsch
		My primary area of research is historical and comparative phonology of the Germanic languages.
		I have treated the Germanic consonant shift, the High German shift, and the shifts in Danish and Icelandic in a comparative light.
		All three of the younger shifts in German, Danish, and Icelandic are to a certain extent repetitions of the first shift in Germanic and all employ the same phonological mechanism.
	www.cas.sc.edu /ling/faculty/goblirsch/goblirsch.html (550 words)

	Castl - Phonology
		The PRG is a seminar where we discuss ongoing research and recent literature in phonology.
		Developmental origins of adult phonology: the interplay between phonetic emergents and evolutionary adaptations; in Kohler, Diehl, Engstrand, Kingston (eds): Studies in speech communication and language development, dedicated to Björn Lindblom on his 65th birthday.
		Phonology and Phonetics of English Stress and Vowel Reduction.
	uit.no /castl/4729 (894 words)

	Peter Hallaråker: The Nynorsk language - yesterday, today and tomorrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Danish written language was not standardized in the sixteenth century, but a Danish written norm was gradually developed based on the speech of the higher social groups in the City of Copenhagen.
		This was particularly the case in the Norwegian countryside and among the lower classes in the cities, whereas the speech of the upper classes in the cities was gradually influenced by Danish and partly led to a Norwegian pronunciation of written Danish.
		Munch was of the opinion that the use of literary Danish had been a cultural advantage for a small and isolated country like Norway, and he disagreed that there was such a strong psychological bond between nationality and language.
	www.aasentunet.no /go.cfm?id=3085 (7314 words)

	North Germanic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The eastern branch is heavily influenced by especially Low German and consists of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish along with their various dialects and varieties.
		Due to the long dominance of Danish in Norway, Bokmål/Riksmål (Standard Norwegian), the first written standard language in Norway and now the dominating official language, is considered Continental.
		Beside the two official written norms of Norwegian, there exists two established unofficial norms: Riksmål, similar to, but more conservative (closer to Danish) than, Bokmål, which is used in different extent by a large number of people, especially in the cities; High-Norwegian (Høgnorsk), rather similar to Nynorsk, used by a very little minority.
	americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/North_Germanic_language (533 words)

	North Germanic languages - Wikipedia
		The eastern branch is heavily influenced by especially Low German and consists of Danish and Swedish along with their various dialects and varieties.
		There is another way of classifying the languages that focuses more on mutual intelligibility than historical development that classifies Norwegian with Danish and Swedish as Continental Scandinavian and Faroese and Icelandic as Insular Scandinavian.
		The creation of Nynorsk out of western Norwegian dialects after Norway became independent of Denmark in 1814 was an attempt to make the linguistic divisions match the political ones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Germanic_language (384 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 91004226 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the interaction of theories of lexical phonology and theories of phonological phenomena Jonathan Kaye 14.
		Greek clitics and lexical phonology Angeliki Malikouti-Drachman and Gaberell Drachman 18.
		Polish yers in non-linear phonology Marek Piotrowski 20.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam028/91004226.html (289 words)

	Detail Report
		The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark) is geographically the...
		The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark) is geographically the smallest...
		Belongs under the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy, and is one of a series of agencies, councils and research institutions under the Ministry.
	www.it-turisme.dk /visitdenmark/Detail-Google-14.htm (3880 words)

	Milena Slavcheva: Review of Cann, Ronnie, Claire Grover and Philip Miller, ed. (2000) Grammatical Interfaces in HPSG
		The standard HPSG approach to phonology is elaborated by modifying the value of the phonology feature in the description of signs which now can be of two types: word-forms and metrical trees.
		Keeping the distinction between phonology and syntax intact, minimal interfaces are posited for capturing the bi-directional interdependencies between the two strata of grammatical representation.
		The definition of the interface from C-structure to P-structure is connected with the phenomenon of metrical boost, an effect of the syntactic structure on the pitch of the modifying phrase, where the information about the branching of the syntactic tree is percolated to the level of prosody.
	www.bultreebank.org /papers/Milena1.html (3060 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Danish & Norweg
		You have reached the page on Danish and Norwegian, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 8-1-2001 Danish (Indo-Hittite) belongs to the East Norse sub-branch of the Scandinavian or North Germanic sub- branch of the Germanic sub-branch of the Indo-European branch of the Indo-Hittite family of languages.
		Danish is written with the Latin alphabet, and is the national language of the country of Denmark.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/scandih.htm (2112 words)

	ICSLP'02 Abstract: Murray / Simonsen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Danish is a language whose rich history of phonology is not matched by extensive corpus analysis.
		Danish also has been known to be difficult to analyze with respect to boundary tones/speech acts.
		An improved understanding of Danish LA’s could allow for the discovery of interesting relationships between traditional prosodic parameters and Danish speech acts.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/icslp_2002/i02_1085.html (138 words)

	Wikipedia:WikiProject Phonetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The current standard suggested for phonology articles titles is XXX phonology.
		Please feel free to convert the articles to the naming standard and the phonology template.
		A guide to the Handbook of the IPA - Includes recordings of all the phonologies in the handbook.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phonetics (397 words)

	JYLSK - Het Språk
		As I developed the language I read about Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic, in that order, and the conlang was influenced by all of these.
		This language was, although I didn't realise it at the time, a Low German language from the West Germanic branch, not Danish at all, but it wasn't until later that I noticed a lot of similarities with Danish.
		Whilst the orthography and the phonology are very Danish, the syntax and word origins are German.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /Marmaria/jytisk/intro.htm (324 words)

	Danish - Language Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		and Danish are related languages, many common words are very similar in the two languages.
		Modern Danish has only two cases (nominative and genitive) and two genders (common and neuter).
		In addition, there is a small community of Danish speakers in the portion of Germany bordering Denmark.
	www.geocities.com /language_directory/languages/danish.htm (385 words)

	Phonology (from North Germanic languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		More results on "Phonology (from North Germanic languages)" when you join.
		These languages are usually divided into East Scandinavian (Danish and Swedish) and West Scandinavian (Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese) groups.
		Present and earlier forms of German, English, Dutch-Flemish, Afrikaans, Yiddish, Frisian, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong to the family of languages called Germanic.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=75512 (780 words)

	danish - Find, Compare and Buy danish across multiple UK Shops - ShopFinder UK
		This book is the most comprehensive account of the phonology of Danish, including prosodic morphology, ever published in any language.
		The author develops new models for the analysis of phonology and morphology-phonology interactions, and shows how these may be applied to Danish and to other languages.The book is fully referenced and indexed.
		From the battle of Maldon in 991, during the reign of Aethelred (the Unready), England was invaded by Scandinavian armies of increasing size and ferocity.
	www.shopfinder.co.uk /buy/danish&nh=1&sb=pd (658 words)

	Bibliography
		A good introduction to solving phonology problems is Odden (2000), from where I took the majority of problems presented here, by the way.
		A nice collection of classic or influential texts in phonology is also compiled in Goldsmith (1999), while Goldsmith (1995) has the cream of phonologists giving overviews over the current state of affairs in a variety of research areas.
		‘Compensatory lengthening in moraic phonology’ (abridged), in Goldsmith (1999), 351-369.
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~uffmann/session1.htm (1708 words)

	Aktuel undervisning - Nina Grønnum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"Danish vowels: scratching the recent surface in a phonological experiment," Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 28, 1995, 5-63.
		"Danish Vowels: The psychological reality of a morphophonemic representation," La voyelle dans tous ses états, Journées d'Études Linguistiques, Nantes 5 et 6 Déécembre 1997, 91-97.
		"Danish - illustrations of the IPA," Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28, 2000, 99-105.
	www.cphling.dk /pers/ng/publ-00.html (390 words)

	Nina Grønnum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The body of my research work is within Danish prosody and has led to a fairly robust model of default intonation.
		The model is derived from acoustic analyses of a considerable amount of speech material from a fair number of speakers, and some perceptual experiments.
		It is also a hypothesis about speakers' internal representation, about the nature of the components and how they interact to turn a string of semantically coherent sentences into a series of prosodically coherent utterances.
	iaas.cphling.dk /~ng (537 words)

	Desbladet: på nätet sedan 2001.
		"Structural linguistics" here means mostly phonology, which was the first and most important success for the approach, and the model for structuralism generally, with Lévi-Strauss being the most important figure in "structuralism generally".
		The structuralist conception of phonology (based, since Jacobson, on binary oppositions) subsequently gave way to Chomsky and Halle's generative approach (not at all the same thing as generative grammar) which dominated phonological thinking for decades, even among those who disagreed with the approach.
		In spoken Danish there is a phenomenon called the "stød", which is a glottal stop [...] We don't show the "stød" in our transcriptions, as it is not essential to understanding and being understood.
	piginawig.diaryland.com /021111_a.html (1889 words)

	Review of "Intonation Systems"
		Two of them are described in two chapters and varieties, sharing almost everything but (a few features in phonology and) intonation, i.e.
		As intonation research is still in its toddler years, their project was not a typological relevant overview of the world's intonation systems, but rather a first step towards comparison of intonation systems.
		The striking observation of the article is the syllable structure in Danish, which puts an intervocalic consonant to the preceding rather than to the following syllable, at least as far as the intonation movement is concerned.
	www.linguist.de /reese/intonation-brief.html (3047 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Languages: Natural: Indo-European: Germanic: Danish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Danish culture and language - From the soc.culture.nordic FAQ.
		The Danish Language Council (Dansk Sprognævn (DSN)) - Settles questions of Danish language usage, produces the official orthographical dictionary of Danish, and charts the development of Danish.
		Euromosaic - Danish - Sociolinguistic survey of the use of Danish as a minority language in northern Germany.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Indo-European/Germanic/Danish (189 words)

	Metaphonemes
		The transcriptions for Danish were taken from (Hansen 1990).
		Also included is Danish for as many as possible.
		Multilingual lexicon with metaphonemes: The lexicon of nouns from PolyLex, in DATR, including English, German and Dutch noun morphology, phonology and morphophonology, adapted to include metaphoneme definitions where either a full metaphoneme definition or a partial metaphoneme definition applies.
	www.itri.brighton.ac.uk /projects/metaphon (665 words)

	OUP: Phonology of Danish: Basbøll
		The author develops new models for the analysis of phonology and morphology-phonology interactions, and shows how these may be applied to Danish and to other languages.
		Danish has an unusually rich vowel system and exhibits radical reduction processes that make it difficult for foreigners to understand.
		It will be widely welcomed by phonologists and scholars of Danish, and is likely to become the standard account of Danish phonology.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-824268-9 (447 words)

	Junko Ito - Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"Lexical and postlexical phonology in Optimality Theory: evidence from Japanese" with A. Mester.
		"Japanese Phonology," with A. Mester, in Goldsmith, J. (ed.), The Handbook of Phonological Theory, Blackwell, 817-838.
		"The Phonology of Voicing in Japanese, Theoretical Consequences for Morphological Accessibility," with A. Mester, Linguistic Inquiry 17.1, 49-73.
	people.ucsc.edu /~ito/pubs.html (554 words)

	cv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1995 Aspects of the phonology of the Danish stød.
		April 1994 Vowel length and the Danish stød.
		Presented at the GLOW workshop on Government Phonology, Vienna, Austria.
	www-scf.usc.edu /~bergeton/CV.htm (604 words)

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