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Topic: Dantrolene sodium

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	Dantrium Official FDA information, side effects and uses.
		In addition to the parent compound, dantrolene, which is found in measurable amounts in blood and urine, the major metabolites noted in body fluids are the 5-hydroxy analog and the acetamido analog.
		Dantrolene sodium has produced positive results in the Ames S. Typhimurium bacterial mutagenesis assay in the presence and absence of a liver activating system.
		The combination of therapeutic doses of intravenous dantrolene sodium and verapamil in halothane/α-chloralose anesthetized swine has resulted in ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular collapse in association with marked hyperkalemia.
	www.drugs.com /pro/dantrium.html (3014 words)

	Dantrium Intravenous , SPC from the eMC
		It is recommended that the combination of intravenous dantrolene sodium and calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil, is not used during the reversal of a malignant hyperthermia crisis until the relevance of these findings to humans is established.
		Dantrolene sodium may inhibit the release of calcium from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle, but the significance of this observation is questionable; for example, dantrolene sodium has no effect on isolated human urinary bladder smooth muscle.
		Dantrolene sodium, therefore, acts as a muscle relaxant by a peripheral mechanism which is quite different, and easily distinguishable from neuromuscular junction blocking drugs.
	emc.medicines.org.uk /emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?DocumentID=1609 (1505 words)

	Dantrium - Dantrium Side Effects - Dantrium Information - Canada Pharmacy - Canada Drugs
		It has been shown that dantrolene has no effect on the propagated action potential recorded on the muscle membrane, and the total membrane capacitance is not decreased by the drug, indicating that it does not disrupt the function of the transverse tubular system, and acts at a point beyond the electrically excitable surface membrane.
		Dantrolene is not indicated in the relief of skeletal muscle spasms due to rheumatic disorders.
		Dantrolene is contraindicated in patients with compromised pulmonary function, particularly those with obstructive pulmonary disease and active hepatic disease, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.
	www.rxcarecanada.com /Dantrium.asp (2377 words)

	Data Sheet
		Studies have shown that in the presence of dantrolene sodium, the responses of the muscle to caffeine are decreased or delayed.
		Dantrolene sodium may prevent the increase in myoplasmic calcium and the acute catabolism within the muscle cell by interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the myoplasm.
		Dantrolene sodium should be used only in conjunction with appropriate monitoring of hepatic function including frequent determination of SGOT and SGPT.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/Datasheet/d/DantriumIVinj.htm (1811 words)

	Azumolene dosage form - Patent 4822629
		Dantrolene, 1-[[[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl]methylene]amino]-2,4-imidazolidinedione, has a chemical structure related to that of azumolene, and the sodium salt of dantrolene is commercially available as a muscle relaxant drug; see Physicians Desk Reference, 40th Edition (1986), E. Barnhart (Pub.), Medical Economics Company, Inc., pp.
		Dantrolene sodium is commercially available in two forms, as an injectable, intravenous solution, and as capsules for oral administration.
		Commercial dantrolene sodium capsules comprise a mixture of dantrolene sodium, lactose, starch, talc, magnesium stearate and other minor ingredients contained in standard hard gelatin capsule shells; such dantrolene sodium capsules are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4822629.html (2381 words)

	Naloxone, Flumazenil and Dantrolene as Antidotes
		Identification and quantification of dantrolene sodium and its formulation 4.5.2.
		Dantrolene sodium is an orange, odorless powder with a melting point of 279-280 °C. It is slightly soluble in water, but it hydrolyses and precipitates the extremely insoluble (< 1 mg/l) free acid, dantrolene.
		Dantrolene sodium capsules and powder for injection should be kept at a temperature below 40 °C, preferably between 15 and 30 °C, and the capsules should be stored in well-closed containers.
	www.inchem.org /documents/antidote/antidote/ant01.htm (14737 words)

	National MS Society \| Dantrium (Dantrolene) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant for relief of cramping, spasms, and tightness of muscles caused by multiple sclerosis among other conditions.
		Dantrolene has not been shown to cause birth defects in humans.
		Dantrolene may cause drowsiness, dizziness, vision problems or weakness in some people.
	www.nationalmssociety.org /Meds-Dantrolene.asp (445 words)

	Dantrium 25mg Capsules , SPC from the eMC
		Radiolabelled dantrolene sodium binds to specific components of the striated muscle cell, namely the t-tubules and the sarcoplastic reticulum; however the kinetics of binding varies between these two organelles.
		Metabolites are subsequently excreted in the urine in the ratio of 79 5-hydroxy-dantrolene:17 compound F-490: 4 unaltered dantrolene (salt or free acid).
		Dantrolene sodium administered to male and female rats at dose levels up to 45 mg/kg/day showed no adverse effects on fertility or general reproductive performance.
	emc.medicines.org.uk /emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?DocumentID=1611 (2040 words)

	Identification of Dantrolene Binding Sites in Porcine Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -- Parness and Palnitkar ...
		Dantrolene inhibits the development or progression of MH by decreasing the levels of myoplasmic Ca in both human and porcine skeletal muscle(2, 6, 7).
		In addition, as dantrolene is such a hydrophobic compound(22), we also describe many of the experimental obstacles overcome during development of the assay.
		H]Dantrolene (200 nM) was incubated with 50 µg of HSR membrane protein in the presence of increasing concentrations of dantrolene, azumolene, or aminodantrolene (a physiologically inactive congener(35)), in binding buffer for 60 min at 37 °C, and radioactivity was determined.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/31/18465 (6454 words)

	Dantrolene Sodium Drug Information, Professional
		However, dantrolene is not a substitute for other measures, including discontinuation of possible triggering agents (such as potent inhalation anesthetics, succinylcholine, or stress), management of increased oxygen requirements and metabolic acidosis, institution of cooling, and correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
		—Dantrolene is also indicated for administration prior to surgery or anesthesia to prevent or attenuate the symptoms of the malignant hyperthermic crisis syndrome in patients known or suspected to be at risk for this complication.
		Dantrolene should not be used in patients who require spasticity to sustain upright posture or balance in locomotion, or to obtain increased function.
	www.drugs.com /MMX/Dantrolene_Sodium.html (2641 words)

	U.S. Pharmacist
		Dantrolene sodium has been shown to produce relaxation by affecting the contractile response of the muscle at a site beyond the myoneural junction.
		Dantrolene sodium is metabolized by the liver, and it is theoretically possible that its metabolism may be enhanced by drugs known to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes.
		Dantrolene sodium capsules, 4 to 8 mg/kg/day, in four divided doses should be administered for one to three days following an MH crisis to prevent recurrence of the manifestations of MH.
	www.uspharmacist.com /index.asp?show=article&page=8_1041.htm (2437 words)

	Dantrolene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dantrolene sodium is a muscle relaxant that is currently the only specific and effective treatment for malignant hyperthermia.
		Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration.
		Dantrolene often causes sedation severe enough to incapacitate the patient to drive or operate machinery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dantrolene (561 words)

	Data Sheet
		In addition to the parent compound, dantrolene, which is found in measurable amounts in blood and urine, the major metabolites noted in body fluids are the 5-hydroxy analogue and the acetamido analogue.
		Sprague-Dawley female rats fed dantrolene sodium for 18 months at dosage levels of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day showed an increased incidence of benign and malignant mammary tumours compared with concurrent controls and, at the highest dosage an increase in the incidence of hepatic lymphangiomas and hepatic angiosarcomas.
		The combination of therapeutic doses of intravenous dantrolene sodium and verapamil in halothane/α-chloralose anaesthetised swine has resulted in ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular collapse in association with marked hyperkalaemia.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/Datasheet/d/Dantriumcap.htm (2380 words)

	Dantrolene - Drug information from Medic8.com
		Dantrolene sodium is a muscle relaxant that is currently the only specific and effective treatment for malignant hyperthermia.
		Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration.
		Dantrolene gave positive results in animal high dose studies (with and without enzymatic activation) regarding mutagenicity and carcinogenity.
	www.medic8.com /medicines/Dantrolene.html (602 words)

	DANTRIUM Vials 20 mg
		In isolated muscle preparations, dantrolene sodium uncouples the excitation and contraction of skeletal musclep probably by interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
		Dantrolene sodium may prevent the increase in myoplasmic calcium and the acute catabolism within the muscle cell by interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the myoplasm Thus the physiologic, metabolic and biochemical changes associated with the crisis may be reversed or attenuated.
		Dantrium (dantrolene sodium) capsules should also be administered following a malignant hyperthermia crisis in doses of 4 to 8 mg per day in four divided doses, for a one to three day period to prevent recurrence of the manifestations of malignant hyperthermia.
	home.intekom.com /pharm/smith_kb/dantr-iv.html (1236 words)

	DANTRIUM Capsules 25 mg; DANTRIUM Capsules 100 mg
		Dantrolene sodium is 1-((5-(p-nitrophenyl) furfurylidene)amino) hydantoin sodium hydrate.
		Dantrium (dantrolene sodium) Capsules are indicated preoperatively as possible protection against the development of a malignant hyperthermia crisis in individuals thought to be susceptible.
		Sprague-Dawley female rats fed dantrolene sodium for 18 months at dosage levels of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day showed an increased incidence of benign and malignant mammary tumours compared with concurrent controls, and at the highest dosage, on increase in the incidence of hepatic lymphangiomas and hepatic angiosarcomas.
	home.intekom.com /pharm/smith_kb/dantrium.html (2249 words)

	Dantrolene Sodium - Learn about Dantrolene Sodium Side Effects and Precautions
		The pharmacology action of Dantrolene Sodium is that it affects contraction of muscle at site beyond myoneural junction and directly on muscle itself; believed to interfere with calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
		Dantrolene Sodium control of spasticity associated with spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis; prophylaxis, treatment and postcrisis therapy of malignant hyperthermia.
		Contraindication of Dantrolene Sodium - Active hepatic disease; muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders; where spasticity is used to sustain upright posture and balance in locomotion or to obtain or maintain increased function.
	www.health-care-clinic.com /drugs/d/dantrolene-sodium.htm (472 words)

	Dantrium (Dantrolene Sodium) clinical pharmacology - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
		The efficacy of intravenous dantrolene in the treatment of human and porcine malignant hyperthermia crisis, when considered along with prophylactic experiments in malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine, lends support to prophylactic use of oral or intravenous dantrolene in malignant hyperthermia susceptible humans.
		Dantrolene is found in measurable amounts in blood and urine.
		Significant amounts of dantrolene are bound to plasma proteins, mostly albumin, and this binding is readily reversible.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/dantrolene_cp.htm (677 words)

	Dantrolene Sodium - The Specific Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia
		Dantrolene may cause significant muscle weakness in patients with pre-existing muscle disease and should be used with extreme caution in those patients.
		Dantrolene should be available for the treatment of potential MH cases anywhere general anesthesia is administered, including hospitals and outpatient surgery centers.
		Although pre-treatment with dantrolene for known susceptibles is not usually necessary, in some situations, such as the patient who survived a crisis, some experts recommend pre-treatment with 2 mg/kg intravenously prior to induction of anesthesia.
	www.uam.es /departamentos/medicina/anesnet/gtoa/hipertermia/dantrolene.html (748 words)

	p991220a - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
		Abstract: The use of dantrolene sodium (DS) in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was studied from the data of 21 cases of NMS, which satisfied the diagnostic criteria of Pope et al.
		However treatment with Dantroline sodium was associated with severe muscle wasting in one of our cases and the drug had to be discontinued.
		Dantrolene alone reduced the death rate to 8.6 percent, bromocriptine alone to 7.8 percent, and amantadine alone to 5.9 percent.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p991220a.html (1375 words)

	Critical Care \| Full text \| Clinical review: Treatment of heat stroke: should dantrolene be considered?
		Dantrolene was also found to be effective in reducing the extent of HS signs when given as pretreatment in an animal model.
		When dantrolene is used as an emergency therapy, such as in acute hyperthermic syndromes, it is unlikely to cause major adverse effects [25].
		Dantrolene was administered in doses of 2–5 mg/kg, which were selected according to recommended protocols with regard to the use of this agent in MH.
	ccforum.com /content/9/1/86 (3671 words)

	Thomas Jefferson University Hospital - Managing MH
		Since 1979, the antidote drug dantrolene sodium was identified for the treatment of MH and has contributed greatly to a dramatic decline in mortality.
		Dantrolene is thought to reduce muscle tone and metabolism by preventing the ongoing release of calcium from the storage sites in muscle (the sarcoplasmic reticulum).
		Dantrolene may cause significant muscle weakness in patients with pre-existing muscle disease and should be used with extreme caution in those patients.
	www.jeffersonhospital.org /anes/mh/article3528.html (1219 words)

	WE MOVE - Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium®)
		Dantrolene decreases muscle tone, clonus, and spasm and is less likely to cause problems with confusion or clouded thinking than are the benzodiazepines and baclofen taken by mouth.
		When used over a long period of time, dantrolene may cause a change in the type of muscle fiber so that the muscle fibers become more rapidly fatigued.
		Dantrolene is first-line therapy for the treatment of severe spasticity due to traumatic brain injury and may be very helpful in the treatment of spasticity due to cerebral palsy.
	www.wemove.org /spa/spa_dant.html (140 words)

	Muscle Relaxants in The Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain
		Baclofen (Lioresal®) and dantrolene sodium (Dantrium®) are two agents whose use is indicated in the setting of spasticity of CNS etiology.
		Dantrolene sodium is of particular interest, as its mechanism of action is purely at the muscular level where it serves to inhibit the release of calcium form the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
		Casale studied the effectiveness of dantrolene sodium, 25-mg daily, in the treatment of low back pain and found patients to demonstrate significant improvements in visual analogue scores, pain behavior, and electromyographic (EMG) evaluations of "antalgic reflex motor unit firing," when compared with the placebo group.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article1833.html (1282 words)

	Welcome To ASPAN
		Dantrolene sodium has a shelf life of 3 years from the date of manufacture at a current price of approximately $55 per vial.
		Dantrolene sodium may cause significant muscle weakness in patients with pre-existing neuromuscular disease and should be used with extreme caution in those patients.
		Treatment with dantrolene sodium and discontinuation of the anesthetic in combination with surface cooling and stomach and bladder lavage is effective in almost all situations.
	www.aspan.org /EdCeMalHyper.htm (4186 words)

	Malignant Hyperthermia - Dantrolene-MEDSTUDENTS-ANESTHESIOLOGY
		Whenever anesthesia is administrated, dantrolene should be readily available as well as a protocol for management of MH.
		Dantrolene is, at the moment, the only known drug that treats MH.
		In a MH-susceptible parturient, it should be considered first an epidural anesthesia without dantrolene pretreatment, and close monitoring of vital signs.
	www.medstudents.com.br /anest/anest1.htm (1053 words)

	Dantrolene Sodium
		Dantrolene powder for injection should be stored at temperatures less than 30°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light.
		In veterinary medicine, its proposed indications include the prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia syndrome in various species, the treatment of functional urethral obstruction due to increased external urethral tone in dogs and cats, the prevention and treatment of equine post-anesthetic myositis (PAM) and equine exertional rhabdomyolysis.
		Dantrolene is metabolized in the liver and the metabolites are excreted in the urine.
	www.elephantcare.org /Drugs/dantrole.htm (904 words)

	MedicineHouse.com
		Vials containing 20 mg dantrolene and 3000 mg mannitol to be reconstituted in 60 mls sterile water.
		Dantrolene is a direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant.
		These include discontinuing the suspect triggering agents, attending to increased oxygen requirements, managing the metabolic acidosis, instituting cooling, monitoring the urinary output and electrolyte balance.
	www.medicinehouse.com /cgi-bin/drug1.php?drug=dantrolene_sodium (620 words)

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