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Topic: Dardanelles Strait

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	Dardanelles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Xerxes I crossed (c.481 BC) the strait over a bridge of boats, as did Alexander the Great in 334 BC Throughout the existence of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires the Straits were essential to the defense of Constantinople (Istanbul).
		By 1402 the Dardanelles were under the control of Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I. Muhammad II began (15th cent.) to fortify the passage, which, with brief interruptions, has remained in Turkish hands until the present.
		Secretly, however, Turkey soon began to refortify the zone, and in 1936, by the Montreux Convention, it was formally permitted to remilitarize it.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/D/Dardanel.asp (607 words)

	Dardanelles -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This strategically important strait is the Dardanelles, in northwestern Turkey.
		The strait's average depth is 180 ft (55 m), reaching a maximum of 300 ft in the narrowest central section.
		The traditional boundary between the two continents follows roughly the crest of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles, the Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Strait of Gibraltar.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9273915 (750 words)

	Gallipoli [Australian War Memorial]
		After four and a half months of training near Cairo, the Australians departed by ship for the Gallipoli peninsula, together with troops from New Zealand, Britain and France.
		The aim of this deployment was to assist a British naval operation which aimed to force the Dardanelles Strait and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople.
		The Australians landed at what became known as ANZAC Cove on 25 April 1915, and they established a tenuous foothold on the steep slopes above the beach.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/gallipoli/index.htm (313 words)

	AllRefer.com - Aegean Sea (Oceans And Continents) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Aegean Sea's greatest depths (more than 11,600 ft/3,540 m) are found E of Crete.
		The Dardanelles strait connects the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea.
		Sardines and sponges taken from the Aegean are economically important.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/AegeanSe.html (304 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Geography - note
		major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean
		the major chokepoints are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean
		strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2113.html (5005 words)

	ipedia.com: Turkey Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces (iller, singular - il):
		Turkey forms a bridge between Europe and Asia, with the division between the two running from the Black Sea to the north down along the Bosporus strait through the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea and the larger Mediterranean Sea to the south.
		The Anatolian peninsula consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, in between the Pontus range to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south.
	www.ipedia.com /turkey_1.html (1132 words)

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