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Darius III of Persia

380 BC

330 BC

Wars of Alexander the Great

170 BC

Kings of Macedon

Achaemenid dynasty

Artaxerxes II of Persia

Artaxerxes III of Persia

Alexander the Great

Battle of Issus

Seleucid dynasty

Antigonid dynasty

Alexander IV of Macedon

Philip II of Macedon

	Darius III: 336-330 BC
		Darius III was left with the tasks of strengthening the army to defend against Alexander the Great, who lead a united Greece and of reorganizing the government.
		Darius III was ill prepared to battle the advancing Alexander and was defeated in the Battle of Issus in 333.
		The illustration is of Darius III from a mosaic of the Battle of Issus, dated from the late 2nd c.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/MiddleEast/DariusIII.html (397 words)

	Darius III of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		In 333 BC Darius himself took the field against the Greek king, but his much larger army was outflanked and defeated at the Battle of Issus and Darius was forced to flee, leaving behind his chariot, his camp, and his family, all of which were captured by Alexander.
		Darius then fled to Ecbatana to begin raising a fourth army, while Alexander took possession of Babylon, Susa and the Persian capitol at Persepolis.
		Darius was deposed by his satrap Bessus and was assassinated at Bessus' order in July 330 BC, in order to slow Alexander's fantabulous pursuit.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Darius_III_of_Persia (571 words)

	pothos.org - All about Alexander the Great
		Darius had to abandon his commanding battlefield position twice, both at Issus and Gaugamela, under the pressure of the attacks by Alexander and his Macedonian Companion cavalry.
		This was the situation that Darius III inherited when he ascended to the 'peacock' throne in 336 BC - the very same year that Alexander became king of Macedon.
		Darius fled to Ecbatana and in July 330 BC - whilst heading for safety in distant Bactria - he was murdered by his kinsmen Bessus, Nabarzanes and Barsaentes.
	www.pothos.org /alexander.asp?paraID=14&keyword_id=9&title=Darius+III (1084 words)

	Darius
		Another explanation, plausible enough, is that Darius is another name for Cyaxares II, the son of Astyages, who according to the Greek writer Xenophon was Cyrus’ uncle and father-in-law, and whom Cyrus might have retained temporarily as a figurehead king to please the Medes.
		Darius was evidently recognised as a ruler in Babylon by courtesy of Cyrus, while it was Cyrus who actually held the power (see Is 45:1).
		Darius the Persian (Neh 12:22) is probably Darius II (424/23–405/04 b.c.), the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. The various lists of ecclesiastical officers given in the book of Nehemiah seem to have their terminal point in his reign.
	www.nisbett.com /people/bp-darius.htm (907 words)

	Iranica.com - DARIUS
		Darius' reign was conspicuous for frequent revolts, led partly by satraps who had acquired a power base in regions where their families had ruled for generations.
		This Darius was born of Amestris (q.v.) and was thus the brother of Hystaspes, Artaxerxes I (q.v.), Amytis (q.v.), and Rhodogune (Ctesias, in Jacoby, Fragmente III.C, p.
		Darius' son Arbupales was one of the Persian leaders killed at the battle of Granicus in 334 B.C.E. Bibliography: A.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7f1/v7f136b.html (4234 words)

	Iranica.com - DARIUS
		Tadmor, "Darius I, Pseudo-Bardiya and the Magi," Athenaeum, N.S. pp.
		Idem, "The Duration of the Reign of Smerdis, the Magian, and the Reigns of Nebuchadnezzar III and Nebu-chadnezzar IV," AJSLL 56, 1939, pp.
		Idem, "Darius in Scythia and Scythians in Persepolis," AMI, N.F. pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7f1/v7f136a.html (6102 words)

	Darius III of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the spring of 334 BC, that the heir, Alexander the Great, who had himself been confirmed as Hegemon by the League of Corinth, invaded Asia Minor at the head of a combined Greek army and almost immediately faced and defeated a Persian force at the Battle of the Granicus.
		In 331 BC, Darius' sister-wife Statira, who had otherwise been well-treated (Plutarch, Life of Alexander 21.2-5), died in captivity, reputedly during childbirth (Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 30.1).
		Darius was deposed by his satrap Bessus and was assassinated at Bessus' order in July 330 BC, in order to slow Alexander's pursuit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Darius_III_of_Persia (538 words)

	Darius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Darius is also a name of a character in the Highlander TV-series played by Werner Stocker.
		Darius the Mede named as "King of Babylon" in the Book of Daniel is sometimes assumed to be Gubaru.
		For information on the UK singer and former Pop Idol contestant Darius see Darius Danesh (popularly known as just "Darius")---Darius is also the name of the lead singer of Hootie and the Blowfish, a member of the Portland Trailblazers basketball team.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Darius (169 words)

	Darius III on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		A cousin of Artaxerxes III, he was raised to the throne by the eunuch Bagoas, who had murdered both Artaxerxes and his son, Arses; Darius in turn murdered Bagoas.
		Darius used the wrong tactics in battle and was forced to flee to Ecbatana and then eastward to Bactria.
		Darius III is probably the Darius the Persian mentioned in the Bible (Neh.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d/darius3.asp (390 words)

	Darius the Great
		Darius, a member of the Achemenides family, raised to the throne of the kingdom of Persia by taking part, in 522, in a plot to assassinate Smerdis, who had assumed the kingship that same year at the death of his brother Cambyses on his way back from Egypt.
		But Darius was not merely an administrator and, after curbing several rebellions in various parts of the empire during his first year in power, he also continued the politic of expansion of his ancestors, toward the east in India, as well as toward the west and Europe, starting with Thracia.
		Darius' reign marks the apogee of the Persian Empire, which started to crumble by the mere fact of its size after his death, until it was conquered by Alexander the Great (who entered Susa in 331).
	plato-dialogues.org /tools/char/darius.htm (711 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.03.10
		Darius is never introduced and appears almost out of the blue when he is said to have led his army to Cilicia and meets the Macedonian forces at Issos.
		According to B the cause of Darius' defeat was for the ancient historians a structural one, i.e.
		The image of Darius is forever contaminated by the picture painted by Greek and Roman authors of a lustful king, fleeing and trying to bargain instead of fighting for his realm and his (captured) family.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-03-10.html (4869 words)

	Darius III of Persia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		After they took the Greek cities of Asia from (An ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War) Troy to the Maiandros river, Philip was assassinated and his campaign was suspended while his heir consolidated his control of Macedonia and the rest of Greece.
		Darius was deposed by his (A governor of a province in ancient Persia) satrap (Click link for more info and facts about Bessus) Bessus and was assassinated at Bessus' order in July 330 BC, in order to slow Alexander's pursuit.
		Alexander gave Darius a magnificent funeral and eventually married his daughter Statira at (Click link for more info and facts about Opis) Opis in 324 BC.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/da/darius_iii_of_persia2.htm (367 words)

	Koios Works, LLC
		King Darius III ascended to the 'peacock' throne of the epic Persian empire in the summer of the year 336 BC.
		Darius was an ineffective commander and twice ran from battle.
		In 331 BC Darius III suffered his shattering defeat by Alexander the Great at the battle of Gaugamela.
	www.koiosworks.com /figures_persians.htm (392 words)

	Persia
		Abbas III (1732-1736) Shah of Persia 1732-36, the son of Tahmasp II.
		In protecting the borders of the empire, Darius conquered new territories along the Indus River in the east and in the Caucasus Mountains in the northeast, but his expedition in 516 against the tribes of the Danube River failed.
		In the course of his 6-year reign Darius III led the Persian army against the forces of Alexander the Great of Macedonia but was defeated at the battles of Issus in 333 bc and Gaugamela in 331.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/persia.htm (3696 words)

	The accession of Darius III
		In the summer of 336, Darius III Codomannus became king of Persia.
		Darius' selection for the throne was based on his known bravery, in which quality he surpassed the other Persians.
		Once when king Artaxerxes [III Ochus] was campaigning against the Cadusians, one of them with a wide reputation for strength and courage challenged a volunteer among the Persians to fight in single combat with him.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander_t66.html (516 words)

	Darius III -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		Darius belonged to a collateral branch of the royal family and was placed on the throne by the eunuch Bagoas, who had poisoned the two previous kings, Artaxerxes III and Arses.
		When Darius asserted his independence, Bagoas also attempted his murder but was forced by the king to drink the poison himself.
		A principal French composer of the 20th century, Darius Milhaud is known especially for his development of polytonality, a simultaneous use of different keys.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9028780?tocId=9028780 (860 words)

	Darius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		Darius was the name of three kings of ancient Persia:
		Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia.
		For information on the UK singer and former Pop Idol contestant Darius see Darius Danesh (popularly known as just "Darius").
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Darius (157 words)

	Darius III Codomannus
		Darius III comes into history as the Persian king whom Alexander the Great battled with, and eventually overcame.
		Darius III proved to be a coward, and was murdered by his own general Bossus during extended retreat.
		Darius III was the last ruler of Persia, and with his death, the 27th Dynasty comes to a close.
	www.ancientroute.com /people/Darius3.htm (129 words)

	Alexander Defeats The Persians, 331 BC
		Darius was prepared for battle having selected this spot to meet his enemy.
		Then Darius, fearing that his chariots would become useless if the Macedonians advanced upon the uneven ground, ordered the front ranks of his left wing to ride round the right wing of the Macedonians, where Alexander was commanding, to prevent him from marching his wing any further.
		As soon as Darius set his whole battle line in motion, Alexander ordered Aretes to attack those who were riding clear around his right wing; and up to that time he was himself leading his men in column.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /alexander.htm (1029 words)

	The death of Darius III
		In the early Summer of 330, Alexander hunted down the Persian king Darius III Codomannus.
		A relative of Darius, Bessus, became the new king under the name of Artaxerxes V. Darius was murdered in the desert east of modern Tehran ancient Rhagae).
		Alexander sent Darius' body to Persepolis to be buried in the royal tombs, like the kings before him.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander_t14.html (439 words)

	Encyclopedia: Darius III of Persia
		Artaxerxes III ruled Persia from 358 BC to 338 BC.
		He was the son of Artaxerxes II and was succeeded by Arses of Persia (also known as Artaxerxes IV).
		He was the youngest son of King Artaxerxes III and was not expected to succeed to the throne of Persia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Darius-III-of-Persia (1347 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Darius III,
		Ruled from 336 to 330; he abandoned his mother, wife, and children at the battle of Issus where he was defeated by Alexander; fought and lost again at Gaugamela.
		Darius inherited the throne after the death of his cousin Artaxerxes III who was murdered by the eunuch Bagoas.
		Darius suffered defeat in the Battle of Issus in 333 B.C. and again at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C. Darius' lack of military prowess forced him to flee to Ecbatana and then to Bactria where he was murdered by the satrap of Bactria, This brought and end to the Persian Empire.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5139 (126 words)

	BJU - Strong's Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		Darius the Mede, the son of Ahasuerus, king of the Chaldeans, who succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom on the death of Belshazzar; probably the same as "Astyages" the last king of the Medes (538 BC) (same as 1867 (1))
		Darius, the son of Hystaspes, the founder of the Perso-Arian dynasty (521 BC) (same as 1867 (2))
		Darius II is the most probable because he is mentioned by Nehemiah and ruled during the time of Nehemiah
	www.bju.edu /bible/strongs.php?lang=h&id=1868 (135 words)

	Darius III
		Darius III reigned at least 3.5 year and at most 4.5 year.
		So, with the data mentioned, the possibility of postdating as to the turn of government of Arses and Darius III, is cancelled, because, also when the time of reign of Darius is taken to its maximum length, the reign of Darius is not beginning before his first year, so postdating is not applicable.
		With the obvious use of antedating, and termini for the beginning of Darius' III reign of spring
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/cplawassist/paper/171dari3.html (490 words)

	Darius III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		Darius III's control over Egypt was tenuous and short lived.
		When Alexander the Great began to move against Egypt in 332 B.C.E. Darius III allowed him to take it without contest.
		By turning over control so easily, he saved his own life and was given a high office in Babylon by Alexander as a reward.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/people/dariusiii.html (74 words)

	The Persian king Ahasuerus / Artaxerxes III in the book of Esther. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		During the reign of ArtaXerxes I it was destroyed by a fire.
		The reign of Darius III was disastrous, as during his reign the Persian - Median kingdom was conquered by Alexander the great.
		However there was a great revival during the reign of ArtaXerxes III who reconquered all of the lost territory.
	home.wanadoo.nl /erick/bible/persiankings/artaxerxes3.htm (309 words)

	Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		At a dinner attended by both men, Darius compelled Bagoas to drink from the cup that had been offered to Darius, and Bagoas died of the poison within...
		Darius came too late; the internal disorders of the Persians had attracted the attention of it neighbors, and in 332 the Macedonian army advanced into Persia, sweeping everything before it.
		Co-conspirator with Darius the Great in the assassination of the usurper Smerdis (522), Gobryas thereupon gave his daughter to Darius while marrying Darius' sister, and was invested with the wealthy province of Elam.
	www.hostkingdom.net /iran.html (2841 words)

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